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Run is one of the smallest island
Island

An island or isle is any piece of land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls are called islets....
s of the Banda Islands
Banda Islands

The Banda Islands are a volcanic group of ten small volcanic islands in the Banda Sea, about 140km south of Seram island and about 2000km east of Java , and are part of the Indonesian province of Maluku ....
 which are a part of Indonesia
Indonesia

The Republic of Indonesia , is a transcontinental country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Comprising Islands of Indonesia, it is the world's largest Archipelago state....
. It is about 3 km long and less than 1 km wide.

In earlier times Run was of considerable economic importance due to the value of the spices nutmeg
Nutmeg

The nutmegs Myristica are a genus of evergreen trees indigenous to tropical southeast Asia and Australasia. They are important for two spices derived from the fruit, nutmeg and mace....
 and mace which are obtained from the nutmeg tree (Myristica fragans), at that time only growing on the Banda Islands
Banda Islands

The Banda Islands are a volcanic group of ten small volcanic islands in the Banda Sea, about 140km south of Seram island and about 2000km east of Java , and are part of the Indonesian province of Maluku ....
. During the history of the spice trade
Spice trade

Spice trade is a commercial activity of ancient origin which involves the merchandising of spices and herbs. Civilizations of Asia were involved in spice trade from the ancient times, and the Greco-Roman world soon followed by trading along the Incense route and the Roman trade with India....
 sailors of the British East India Company
British East India Company

The East India Company was an early England joint-stock company that was formed initially for pursuing trade with the Indies, but that ended up trading with the Indian subcontinent and China....
 of the second expedition of James Lancaster
James Lancaster

Sir James Lancaster was a prominent Elizabethan era trader and privateer.Lancaster came from Basingstoke in Hampshire. In his early life, he fought and traded in Portugal....
, John Davis
John Davis (English explorer)

John Davis , was one of the chief England navigators and explorers under Elizabeth I of England, especially in Polar regions....
 and John Middleton
John Middleton

John Middleton may refer to:*Sir John Middleton , British colonial administrator*John Middleton *John Middleton, 1st Earl of Middleton, general in the Battle of Cropredy Bridge during the English Civil War...
 who stayed in Bantam
Bantam (city)

Bantam in Banten near the western end of Java was a strategically important site and formerly a major trading city, with a secure harbor on the Sunda Strait through which all ocean-going traffic passed, at the mouth of Cibanten River that provided a navigable passage for light craft into the island's interior which itself provides a good acc...
 on Java
Java

Java is an island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city, Jakarta. Once the centre of powerful Hindu kingdoms, The spread of Islam in Indonesia , and the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies, Java now plays a dominant role in the economic and political life of Indonesia....
 first reached the Island in 1603 and developed good contacts with the inhabitants. On December 25th, 1616 , Captain Nathaniel Courthope
Nathaniel Courthope

Nathaniel Courthope was an England merchant navy officer involved in the wars with the Netherlands over the sea.He was of the wealthy cloth-maker Courthope family of Goddards Green in Cranbrook, Kent, the son of Alexander Courthope and brother of the Peter Courthope who bought Danny House in Hurstpierpoint, Sussex and who was painted by Cor...
 reached Run to defend it against claims of the Dutch East India Company
Dutch East India Company

The Dutch East India Company was a trading company, which was established in 1602, when the States-General of the Netherlands granted it a 21-year monopoly to carry out colonial activities in Asia....
.






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Run is one of the smallest island
Island

An island or isle is any piece of land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls are called islets....
s of the Banda Islands
Banda Islands

The Banda Islands are a volcanic group of ten small volcanic islands in the Banda Sea, about 140km south of Seram island and about 2000km east of Java , and are part of the Indonesian province of Maluku ....
 which are a part of Indonesia
Indonesia

The Republic of Indonesia , is a transcontinental country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Comprising Islands of Indonesia, it is the world's largest Archipelago state....
. It is about 3 km long and less than 1 km wide.

In earlier times Run was of considerable economic importance due to the value of the spices nutmeg
Nutmeg

The nutmegs Myristica are a genus of evergreen trees indigenous to tropical southeast Asia and Australasia. They are important for two spices derived from the fruit, nutmeg and mace....
 and mace which are obtained from the nutmeg tree (Myristica fragans), at that time only growing on the Banda Islands
Banda Islands

The Banda Islands are a volcanic group of ten small volcanic islands in the Banda Sea, about 140km south of Seram island and about 2000km east of Java , and are part of the Indonesian province of Maluku ....
. During the history of the spice trade
Spice trade

Spice trade is a commercial activity of ancient origin which involves the merchandising of spices and herbs. Civilizations of Asia were involved in spice trade from the ancient times, and the Greco-Roman world soon followed by trading along the Incense route and the Roman trade with India....
 sailors of the British East India Company
British East India Company

The East India Company was an early England joint-stock company that was formed initially for pursuing trade with the Indies, but that ended up trading with the Indian subcontinent and China....
 of the second expedition of James Lancaster
James Lancaster

Sir James Lancaster was a prominent Elizabethan era trader and privateer.Lancaster came from Basingstoke in Hampshire. In his early life, he fought and traded in Portugal....
, John Davis
John Davis (English explorer)

John Davis , was one of the chief England navigators and explorers under Elizabeth I of England, especially in Polar regions....
 and John Middleton
John Middleton

John Middleton may refer to:*Sir John Middleton , British colonial administrator*John Middleton *John Middleton, 1st Earl of Middleton, general in the Battle of Cropredy Bridge during the English Civil War...
 who stayed in Bantam
Bantam (city)

Bantam in Banten near the western end of Java was a strategically important site and formerly a major trading city, with a secure harbor on the Sunda Strait through which all ocean-going traffic passed, at the mouth of Cibanten River that provided a navigable passage for light craft into the island's interior which itself provides a good acc...
 on Java
Java

Java is an island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city, Jakarta. Once the centre of powerful Hindu kingdoms, The spread of Islam in Indonesia , and the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies, Java now plays a dominant role in the economic and political life of Indonesia....
 first reached the Island in 1603 and developed good contacts with the inhabitants. On December 25th, 1616 , Captain Nathaniel Courthope
Nathaniel Courthope

Nathaniel Courthope was an England merchant navy officer involved in the wars with the Netherlands over the sea.He was of the wealthy cloth-maker Courthope family of Goddards Green in Cranbrook, Kent, the son of Alexander Courthope and brother of the Peter Courthope who bought Danny House in Hurstpierpoint, Sussex and who was painted by Cor...
 reached Run to defend it against claims of the Dutch East India Company
Dutch East India Company

The Dutch East India Company was a trading company, which was established in 1602, when the States-General of the Netherlands granted it a 21-year monopoly to carry out colonial activities in Asia....
. A contract with the inhabitants was signed accepting the English King as sovereign of the island. After four years of siege by the Dutch and the murder of Nathaniel Courthope
Nathaniel Courthope

Nathaniel Courthope was an England merchant navy officer involved in the wars with the Netherlands over the sea.He was of the wealthy cloth-maker Courthope family of Goddards Green in Cranbrook, Kent, the son of Alexander Courthope and brother of the Peter Courthope who bought Danny House in Hurstpierpoint, Sussex and who was painted by Cor...
 in an ambush in 1620, the English and their local allies departed without a struggle.

According to the Treaty of Westminster ending the First Anglo-Dutch War
First Anglo-Dutch War

The First Anglo?Dutch War was the first of the four Anglo-Dutch Wars. It was fought entirely at sea between the navies of the Commonwealth of England and the United Provinces of the Netherlands....
 of 1652–1654 Run should have been returned to England
Kingdom of England

The Kingdom of England was, from 927 to 1707, a state in North-West Europe. The Kingdom of England spanned the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain and a number of smaller outlying islands?what is today the legal unit of England and Wales....
. The first attempt in 1660 failed due to formal constraints by the Dutch; after the second in 1665 the English traders were expelled in the same year and the Dutch destroyed the nutmeg trees. After the second Anglo-Dutch War
Second Anglo-Dutch War

The Second Anglo-Dutch War was fought between England and the Dutch Republic from 4 March, 1665 until 31 July, 1667. England tried to end the Dutch domination of world trade....
 of 1665–1667 England and the United Provinces
Dutch Republic

The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands was a European republic between 1581 and 1795, in about the same location as the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands, which is the successor state....
 of the Netherlands agreed in the Treaty of Breda
Treaty of Breda

The Treaty of Breda was signed at the Dutch city of Breda , July 31 , 1667, by England, the Dutch Republic , France, and Denmark. It brought a hasty and inconclusive end to the Second Anglo-Dutch War , as Louis XIV of France's forces began invading the Spanish Netherlands as part of the War of Devolution, but left many territorial disputes un...
 to the status quo: The English kept the island of Manhattan
Manhattan

Manhattan is one of the five borough of New York City, located primarily on Manhattan Island at the mouth of the Hudson River.With a United States Census of 1,620,867 living in a land area of 22.96 square miles , Manhattan, coextensive with New York County, is the most population density county in the United States, w...
 which the Duke of York (the future James II
James II of England

James II and VII was List of English monarchs, List of Scottish monarchs, and King of Ireland from 6 February 1685. He was the last Roman Catholic Church monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland, and Kingdom of Ireland....
, brother of Charles II
Charles II of England

Charles II was the Monarchy of Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland, and Kingdom of Ireland.His father Charles I of England Regicide#The regicide of Charles I of England at Palace of Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War....
), had occupied illegally in 1664 and renamed from New Amsterdam
New Amsterdam

New Amsterdam was a 17th-century Dutch colonization of the Americas settlement that later became New York City.The town developed outside of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island in the New Netherland Territory which was situated between 38 and 42 degrees latitude as a provincial extension of the Dutch Republic as of 1624....
 to New York and Run was officially abandoned to the Dutch. The Dutch monopoly on nutmeg and mace was destroyed by the transfer of nutmeg trees to Ceylon, Singapore
Singapore

Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country microstate located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula. It lies 137 kilometres north of the equator, south of the Malaysian state of Johor and north of Indonesia's Riau Islands....
 and other British colonies in 1817 after the capture of the main island, Bandalontor, in 1810 by Captain Cole
Cole

Cole may refer to:*Cole , an early carmaker*CoLe is a scientific magazine which provides rapid publication of new research results in any area of computing...
 leading to the decline of the Dutch supremacy in the spice trade
Spice trade

Spice trade is a commercial activity of ancient origin which involves the merchandising of spices and herbs. Civilizations of Asia were involved in spice trade from the ancient times, and the Greco-Roman world soon followed by trading along the Incense route and the Roman trade with India....
. There are, however, still nutmeg
Nutmeg

The nutmegs Myristica are a genus of evergreen trees indigenous to tropical southeast Asia and Australasia. They are important for two spices derived from the fruit, nutmeg and mace....
 trees growing on Run today.

External links

  • , courtesy Google maps.


Further reading

  • Giles Milton
    Giles Milton

    Giles Milton is a United Kingdom writer and journalist born in Buckinghamshire in 1966.He has contributed articles for many British newspapers and several foreign publications, and specialises in the history of travel and exploration....
     Nathaniel's Nutmeg: How One Man's Courage Changed the Course of History (Sceptre books, Hodder and Stoughton, London).