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Ruminantia

 
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Ruminantia
 
 
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The biological suborder Ruminantia includes many of the well-known large grazing or browsing mammal
Mammal

Mammals are a class of vertebrate animals whose name is derived from their distinctive feature, mammary glands, with which they feed their young....
s: among them cattle
Cattle

Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domestication ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. They are raised as livestock for meat , dairy products , leather and as draft animals ....
, goat
Capra (genus)

The genus Capra, usually called goats or wild goats, is a genus of mammals composed of up to nine species, including the ibexes, the markhor, and the wild goat....
s, sheep
Sheep

#REDIRECT Domestic sheep...
, deer
Deer

Deer are the ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae . A number of broadly similar animals from related families within the order even-toed ungulate are often also called deer....
, and antelope
Antelope

Antelope are ruminant hoofed mammals of the family Bovidae in the order of even-toed ungulates. These animals are spread relatively evenly throughout the various subfamily of Bovidae and many are more closely related to cows or goats than to each other....
. All members of the Ruminantia are ruminant
Ruminant

Physiologically, a ruminant is a mammal of the order Artiodactyla that digests plant-based food by initially softening it within the animal's first stomach, known as the rumen, then regurgitating the semi-digested mass, now known as cud, and chewing it again....
s: they digest food in two steps, chewing and swallowing in the normal way to begin with, and then regurgitating the semi-digested cud
Cud

Cud is a portion of food that returns from a ruminant's stomach in the mouth to be chewed for the second time. More accurately, it is a Bolus of semi-degraded food regurgitation from the reticulorumen of a ruminant....
 to re-chew it and thus extract the maximum possible food value.

Note that not all ruminants belong to the Ruminantia.






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The biological suborder Ruminantia includes many of the well-known large grazing or browsing mammal
Mammal

Mammals are a class of vertebrate animals whose name is derived from their distinctive feature, mammary glands, with which they feed their young....
s: among them cattle
Cattle

Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domestication ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. They are raised as livestock for meat , dairy products , leather and as draft animals ....
, goat
Capra (genus)

The genus Capra, usually called goats or wild goats, is a genus of mammals composed of up to nine species, including the ibexes, the markhor, and the wild goat....
s, sheep
Sheep

#REDIRECT Domestic sheep...
, deer
Deer

Deer are the ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae . A number of broadly similar animals from related families within the order even-toed ungulate are often also called deer....
, and antelope
Antelope

Antelope are ruminant hoofed mammals of the family Bovidae in the order of even-toed ungulates. These animals are spread relatively evenly throughout the various subfamily of Bovidae and many are more closely related to cows or goats than to each other....
. All members of the Ruminantia are ruminant
Ruminant

Physiologically, a ruminant is a mammal of the order Artiodactyla that digests plant-based food by initially softening it within the animal's first stomach, known as the rumen, then regurgitating the semi-digested mass, now known as cud, and chewing it again....
s: they digest food in two steps, chewing and swallowing in the normal way to begin with, and then regurgitating the semi-digested cud
Cud

Cud is a portion of food that returns from a ruminant's stomach in the mouth to be chewed for the second time. More accurately, it is a Bolus of semi-degraded food regurgitation from the reticulorumen of a ruminant....
 to re-chew it and thus extract the maximum possible food value.

Note that not all ruminants belong to the Ruminantia. Camel
Camel

Camels are even-toed ungulates within the genus Camelus. The dromedary, one-humped or Arabian camel has a single hump and is well known for its healthy low fat milk, and the Bactrian camel has two humps....
s and llama
Llama

The llama is a South American camelid, widely used as a pack animal by the Incas and other natives of the Andes mountains. In South America llamas are still used as beasts of burden, as well as for the production of fiber and meat....
s are among the exceptions, a suborder known as Tylopoda
Tylopoda

Tylopoda is a suborder of the mammalian order Artiodactyla, containing the camel family. In the past, this group was much more diverse, containing the families Xiphodontidae, Oromerycidae, Protoceratidae, Cainotheriidae, and the two families of oreodonts, Agriochoeridae and Merycoidodontidae....
. Also, there are a number of other large grazing mammals that, while not strictly ruminants, have similar adaptations for surviving on large quantities of low-grade food. Kangaroo
Kangaroo

A kangaroo is a marsupial from the family Macropodidae . In common use the term is used to describe the largest species from this family, the Red Kangaroo, the Antilopine Kangaroo, and the Eastern Grey Kangaroo and Western Grey Kangaroo of the Macropus genus....
s and horse
Horse

The horse is a hoofed mammal, a subspecies of one of seven extant species of the family Equidae. The horse has evolution of the horse over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature into the large, odd-toed ungulate animal of today....
s are examples.

  • ORDER ARTIODACTYLA
    • Suborder Suina
      Suina

      The suborder Suina contains perhaps the earliest and most archaic Artiodactyla....
      : pig
      Pig

      Pigs, also called hogs or swine, are a genus of even-toed ungulates within the Family Suidae. The name pig, hog, or swine most commonly refers to the Domestic pig in everyday parlance, but technically encompasses several distinct species, including the Wild Boar....
      s and peccaries
      Peccary

      Peccaries are medium-sized mammals of the family Tayassuidae. Peccaries are members of the artiodactyl suborder Suina, as are swine and possibly Hippopotamidae....
    • Suborder Tylopoda
      Tylopoda

      Tylopoda is a suborder of the mammalian order Artiodactyla, containing the camel family. In the past, this group was much more diverse, containing the families Xiphodontidae, Oromerycidae, Protoceratidae, Cainotheriidae, and the two families of oreodonts, Agriochoeridae and Merycoidodontidae....
      : camel
      Camel

      Camels are even-toed ungulates within the genus Camelus. The dromedary, one-humped or Arabian camel has a single hump and is well known for its healthy low fat milk, and the Bactrian camel has two humps....
      s and llama
      Llama

      The llama is a South American camelid, widely used as a pack animal by the Incas and other natives of the Andes mountains. In South America llamas are still used as beasts of burden, as well as for the production of fiber and meat....
      s
    • Suborder Whippomorpha
      Whippomorpha

      Whippomorpha is a whimsical name for the clade containing the Cetacea and their closest living relatives, the Hippopotamuses. This would be a sub-grouping of the Cetartiodactyla, which also includes pigs and ruminants....
      : whale
      Whale

      Whales are marine mammals of order Cetacea which are neither dolphinsmembers, in other words, of the families Oceanic dolphin or River dolphinnor porpoises....
      s and hippopotamus
      Hippopotamus

      The hippopotamus or hippo is a large, mostly herbivore African mammal, one of only two Extant taxon species in the scientific classification Hippopotamidae ....
    • Suborder Ruminantia
      • Family †Amphimerycidae
      • Infraorder Tragulina (paraphyletic)
        • Family †Prodremotheriidae
        • Family †Hypertragulidae
        • Family †Praetragulidae
        • Family Tragulidae: chevrotain
          Chevrotain

          In Malay folklore, the mouse deer plays the same role as the wily fox of European fables. The Malaysian-made Perodua Kancil car is named after the chevrotain, as it is a very small vehicle....
          s, 6 living species in 4 genera
        • Family †Leptomerycidae
        • Family †Archaeomerycidae
        • Family †Lophiomerycidae
      • Infraorder Pecora
        Pecora

        The Pecora is a group of hoofed mammals that comprises most of the ruminants, including cattle, sheep, goats, antelopes,deer, giraffes, and pronghorn....
        • Family Moschidae: musk deer
          Musk deer

          Musk deer are artiodactyls of the genus Moschus, the only genus of family Moschidae. They are more primitive than the Cervidae, or true deer, in not having antlers or facial glands, in having only a single pair of teats, and in possessing a gall bladder, a caudal gland, a pair of tusk-like teeth and—of particular econom...
          , 4 living species in one genus
        • Family Cervidae: deer
          Deer

          Deer are the ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae . A number of broadly similar animals from related families within the order even-toed ungulate are often also called deer....
          , 49 living species in 16 genera
        • Family Giraffidae
          Giraffidae

          The giraffids are ruminant artiodactyl mammals that share a common ancestor with deer and bovids. The biological family Giraffidae, once a diverse group spread throughout Eurasia and Africa, contains only two living members, the giraffe and the okapi....
          : giraffe
          Giraffe

          The giraffe is an African even-toed ungulate mammal, the tallest of all land-living animal species, and the largest ruminant. It is covered in large, irregular patches of yellow to black fur separated by white, off-white, or dark yellowish brown background....
           and okapi
          Okapi

          The Okapi is a giraffid artiodactyl mammal native to the Ituri Rainforest, located in the northeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in central Africa....
          , 2 living species in 2 genera
        • Family Antilocapridae: pronghorn
          Pronghorn

          The pronghorn , also pronghorn antelope or prong buck, is a species of ungulate mammal native to interior western and central North America....
          , one living species in one genus
        • Family Bovidae: cattle
          Cattle

          Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domestication ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. They are raised as livestock for meat , dairy products , leather and as draft animals ....
          , goat
          Capra (genus)

          The genus Capra, usually called goats or wild goats, is a genus of mammals composed of up to nine species, including the ibexes, the markhor, and the wild goat....
          s, sheep
          Sheep

          #REDIRECT Domestic sheep...
          , and antelope
          Antelope

          Antelope are ruminant hoofed mammals of the family Bovidae in the order of even-toed ungulates. These animals are spread relatively evenly throughout the various subfamily of Bovidae and many are more closely related to cows or goats than to each other....
          , 135 living species in 48 genera
        • Family †Gelocidae
        • Family †Climacoceratidae
          Climacoceratidae

          Climacoceratidae is a family of superficially deer-like artiodactyl ungulates that were restricted to the Miocene of Africa. They are close to the ancestry of Giraffidae, with some genera, such as Prolibytherium, having originally identified as being giraffes....
        • Family †Palaeomerycidae
          Palaeomerycidae

          Palaeomerycidae is a family of ruminants that is probably ancestral to the deers, and the musk deers might be a surviving representative of the group, though they are still grouped in a separate family....
        • Family †Hoplitomerycidae