Rulers of Saxony

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Dukes of Saxony

• Hadugato (fl. c. 531)
• Berthoald
  Berthoald, Duke of Saxony
  
  Berthoald was the Duke of Saxony during the reign of the Frankish kings Chlothar II and his son Dagobert I, the last ruling Merovingians. He despised Frankish suzerainty and rebelled, but was defeated....
   (fl. c. 627)
• Theoderic
  Theoderic, Duke of Saxony
  
  Theoderic or Theodoric was the Rulers of Saxony in 743–744. Onomastics suggests that he was related to the family of Widukind.In 743 the Franks mayors of the palace, the brothers Pepin the Short and Carloman, Mayor of the Palace, marched against Odilo of Bavaria, who was nominally a Frankish subject....
   (fl. c. 743–744)
• Widukind
  Widukind
  
  Widukind was a Saxons leader and the chief opponent of Charlemagne during the Saxon Wars. In later times, he became a symbol of Saxon independence and a figure of legend, and was stylized as a prototypical Germanic peoples hero....
   (fl. c. 777–810)
• Abo (fl. c. 785–811)

• Banzleib (830s)

• Liudolf
  Liudolf, Duke of Saxony
  
  Liudolf was a Duchy of Saxony count; later authors called him duke of the Eastern Saxons. He was also named as count of Eastphalia. Liudolf had possessions in eastern Saxony, and was involved in wars against Normans and Slavic peopless....
   (about 850)
• Bruno (after 852 -880)
• Otto I the Illustrious 880-912
• Henry I the Fowler 912-936 (German King 919-936)
• Otto II the Great 936-961 (German King 936-973, Emperor 962-973)

• Herman
  Herman, Duke of Saxony
  
  Hermann Billung was a Margrave of Duchy of Saxony and one of the most well-known members of the House of Billung.Hermann's parents are unknown....
   961-973
• Bernard I
  Bernard I, Duke of Saxony
  
  Bernard I was the duke of Saxony , the second of the Billung dynasty, a son of Herman, Duke of Saxony and Oda. He extended his father's power considerably....
   973-1011
• Bernard II
  Bernard II, Duke of Saxony
  
  Bernard II was the Duke of Saxony , the third of the Billung dynasty, a son of Bernard I, Duke of Saxony and Hildegard. He had the rights of a count in Frisia....
   1011-1059
• Ordulf
  Ordulf, Duke of Saxony
  
  Ordulf was the duke of Saxony from 1059, when he succeeded his father Bernard II, Duke of Saxony, until his death. He was a member of the Billung family....
   1059-1072
• Magnus
  Magnus, Duke of Saxony
  
  Magnus was the duke of Saxony from 1072 to 1106. Eldest son and successor of Ordulf, Duke of Saxony and Wulfhild of Norway, he was the last member of the Billung....
   1072-1106

• Lothair 1106-1127 (German King 1125-1137, Emperor 1133-1137)

• Henry II, the Proud 1137-1139 (also Duke of Bavaria)

• Albert the Bear 1139-1142, also Margrave of Brandenburg
  Margraviate of Brandenburg
  
  The Margraviate of Brandenburg was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806. Also known as the March of Brandenburg , it played a pivotal role in the history of Germany and Central Europe....
  

• Henry III, the Lion 1142-1180 (also Duke of Bavaria)

Ascanian Duchy of Saxony

• Bernard III 1180-1212
• Albert I
  Albert I, Duke of Saxony
  
  Albert I was a Duke of Duchy of Saxony, Angria, and Westphalia; Lord of Nordalbingia; Count of Anhalt; and Prince-elector and Archmarshal of the Holy Roman Empire....
   1212-1260
• John I 1260-1285, jointly with
• Albert II 1260-1298

Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg

• John I 1260-1285

• John II 1285–1321, joint rule until 1305
• Albrecht III 1285–1308, joint rule until 1305
• Erich I, 1285–1361, joint rule until 1305

• John II 1285–1321
• Albrecht IV 1321–1343
• John III 1343–1356
• Albrecht V, 1356–1370
• Erich III, 1370–1401

• Albrecht III, 1285–1308, joint rule
• Erich I, 1305–1361, joint rule until 1308
• Erich II, 1361–1368
• Erich IV, 1368–1412, inherited the possessions of the extinct Bergedorf-Mölln line
• Erich V, 1412–1436, joint rule until 1414, claimed succession to the extinct Wittenberg line in 1422
• John IV 1412-1414 joint rule

Dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg

• Albert II 1260-1298
• Rudolf I 1298-1356

Wettin Dukes of Saxony

Albertine Dukes of Saxony

Dukes of Saxony
Wettin Dynasty, Albertine Line
Image	Name	Date	Notes
	Albert the Bold Albert, Duke of Saxony Albert III was a rulers of Saxony. He was nicknamed Albert the Bold or Albert the Courageous and founded the Albertine line of the House of Wettin....	1464-1500.	Younger son of Frederick II, Elector of Saxony. Divided the Saxon lands, including Thuringia and Meissen, with his brother Ernest in 1485.
	George the Bearded George, Duke of Saxony George the Bearded, Duke of Saxony , was duke of Saxony from 1500 to 1539.Duke George was a member of the Order of the Golden Fleece....	1500-1539	Son of Albert. Opposed Martin Luther Martin Luther Martin Luther was a Germans monk, theology, university professor, priest, father of Protestantism, and Protestant Reformers whose ideas started the Protestant Reformation and changed the course of Western culture.... .
	Henry IV the Pious Henry IV, Duke of Saxony Henry IV the Pious, Duke of Saxony was a Duke of Saxony from the House of Wettin....	1539-1541	Brother of George. Introduced Lutheranism to Albertine Saxony.
	Maurice Maurice, Elector of Saxony Maurice I, Elector of Saxony was a Duke of Saxony and later Prince-elector of Saxony. His clever manipulation of alliances and disputes gained the Albertine branch of the Wettin dynasty extensive lands and the electoral dignity....	1541-1553,	Son of Henry IV. Became Elector 1547.

Ernestine Dukes of Saxony

Electors of Saxony

Electors of Saxony
Ascanian Dynasty
Image	Name	Date	Notes
	Rudolf I of Saxe-Wittenberg	1356
	Rudolf II of Saxe-Wittenberg	1356-1370	Son of preceding.
	Wenceslaus	1370-1388	Brother of preceding.
	Rudolf III	1388-1419	Son of preceding.
	Albert III	1419-1422	Brother of preceding.
Wettin Dynasty
Image	Name	Date	Notes
	Frederick I the Warlike Frederick I, Elector of Saxony Frederick IV, Margrave of Meissen and Elector of Saxony was Markgraf of Mei?en and Elector of Saxony from 1381 until his death. He is not to be confused with his cousin Frederick IV, Landgrave of Thuringia, the son of Balthasar, Landgrave of Thuringia....	1423-1428	After the Wittenberg line of the Ascanians became extinct, the Electorate was given to Frederick, Margrave Margrave Margrave is the English language and French language form of the German language title Markgraf and certain equivalent nobiliary titles in other languages....  of Meissen Meissen Meissen is a town of approximately 30,000 about northwest of Dresden on both banks of the Elbe river in the Saxony, in eastern Germany. Meissen is the home of Meissen porcelain, the Albrechtsburg castle, the Gothic architecture Meissen Cathedral and the Meissen Frauenkirche....  and Landgrave of Thuringia Thuringia The Free State of Thuringia is located in central Germany. It has an area of and 2.29 million inhabitants, making it the sixth smallest by area and the fifth smallest by population of Germany's sixteen States of Germany .... , of the House of Wettin.
	Frederick II the Gentle Frederick II, Elector of Saxony Frederick II, Elector of Saxony was Elector of Saxony and was Landgrave of Thuringia ....	1428-1464	Son of Frederick I. Ruled jointly in Saxony with his brothers, but was the sole holder of the Electorate. Father of Ernest and Albert, founders of the Ernestine and Albertine Saxon lines.
Ernestine Line
	Ernest Ernest, Elector of Saxony Ernst, Elector of Saxony was Elector of Saxony from 1464 to 1486....	1464-1486	Son of Frederick II, divided Saxony with his brother Albert, taking Wittenberg Wittenberg Wittenberg, officially Lutherstadt Wittenberg, is a town in Germany in the States of Germany Saxony-Anhalt, on the Elbe River. It has a population of about 50,000.... , northern Meissen, and southern Thuringia. Inherited Thuringia Thuringia The Free State of Thuringia is located in central Germany. It has an area of and 2.29 million inhabitants, making it the sixth smallest by area and the fifth smallest by population of Germany's sixteen States of Germany ....  in 1482 and ruled it jointly with Albert until 1485.
	Frederick III the Wise Frederick III, Elector of Saxony Frederick III, Elector of Saxony , also known as Frederick the Wise, was Prince-elector of Saxony from 1486 to his death. Frederick was the son of Ernest, Elector of Saxony and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Albert III, Duke of Bavaria....	1486-1525	Son of Ernest. Protector of Martin Luther Martin Luther Martin Luther was a Germans monk, theology, university professor, priest, father of Protestantism, and Protestant Reformers whose ideas started the Protestant Reformation and changed the course of Western culture.... , but a life-long Catholic.
	John the Steadfast John, Elector of Saxony John, Elector of Saxony, known as John the Steadfast or John the Constant was Prince-elector of Saxony from 1525 until 1532. He was a member of the Wettin ....	1525-1532	Brother of Frederick III. Legally established Lutheranism in his territories in 1527.
	John Frederick John Frederick, Elector of Saxony John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony , called John the Magnanimous, was Elector of Saxony and Head of the Protestant Confederation of Germany , "Champion of the Reformation"....	1532-1547	Son of John the Steadfast. Called "the Magnanimous". Deprived of his Electorate by Emperor Charles V Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I of Spain, of the Spanish realms from 1516 until his abdication in 1556....  for his role in the Schmalkaldic War Schmalkaldic War The Schmalkaldic War refers to the short period of violence from 1546 until 1547 between the forces of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and the Schmalkaldic League within the domains of the Holy Roman Empire.... . Died 1554.
Albertine Line
	Maurice Maurice, Elector of Saxony Maurice I, Elector of Saxony was a Duke of Saxony and later Prince-elector of Saxony. His clever manipulation of alliances and disputes gained the Albertine branch of the Wettin dynasty extensive lands and the electoral dignity....	1547-1553	Second cousin of John Frederick, grandson of Albert Albert, Duke of Saxony Albert III was a rulers of Saxony. He was nicknamed Albert the Bold or Albert the Courageous and founded the Albertine line of the House of Wettin.... . Though a Lutheran, allied with Emperor Charles V Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I of Spain, of the Spanish realms from 1516 until his abdication in 1556....  against the Schmalkaldic League Schmalkaldic League The Schmalkaldic League was a defensive Military alliance of Lutheranism princes within the Holy Roman Empire during the mid-16th century. Although originally started for religious motives soon after the start of the Protestant Reformation, its members eventually intended for the League to replace the Holy Roman Empire as their source of po... . Gained the Electorate for the Albertine line in 1547 after Charles V's victory at the Battle of Mühlberg Battle of Mühlberg The Battle of M?hlberg was a large battle at M?hlberg, Brandenburg in the German of Electorate of Saxony during the Protestant Reformation at which the Catholic princes of the Holy Roman Empire led by Emperor Charles V decisively defeated the Schmalkaldic League of Protestant princes.... .
	Augustus I	1553-1586	Brother of Maurice. Recognized as Elector by the ousted John Frederick John Frederick, Elector of Saxony John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony , called John the Magnanimous, was Elector of Saxony and Head of the Protestant Confederation of Germany , "Champion of the Reformation"....  in 1554.
	Christian I Christian I, Elector of Saxony Christian I was Elector of Saxony from 1586 to 1591.He was the sixth but second surviving son of Elector Augustus, Elector of Saxony of Saxony and Anna of Denmark....	1586-1591	Son of Augustus I.
	Christian II Christian II, Elector of Saxony Christian II was Elector of Saxony from 1591 to 1611.He was the eldest son of Christian I, Elector of Saxony of Saxony and Sophie of Brandenburg....	1591-1611	Son of Christian I.
	John George I John George I, Elector of Saxony John George I was Elector of Saxony from 1611 to 1656....	1611-1656	Brother of Christian II, ruled during the Thirty Years' War Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war was fought primarily in Germany and at various points involved most of the countries of Europe.... , during which he was at times allied with the Emperor Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II , of the House of Habsburg, Holy Roman Emperor , King of Bohemia , King of Hungary ....  and at times with the King of Sweden Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden Gustav II Adolf, In the era, which was characterized by nearly endless warfare, he led his armies as Monarch of Sweden—from 1611, as a seventeen year old, until his death in battle while leading a charge during 1632 in the bloody Thirty Years' war—as Sweden rose from the status as a mere regional power and run-of-the-mill king... .
	John George II John George II, Elector of Saxony Johann Georg II , was an Elector of Saxony from 1656 to 1680.He was the third but eldest surviving son of the Elector John George I, Elector of Saxony and Magdalene Sybille of Prussia, his second wife....	1656-1680	Son of John George I.
	John George III	1680-1691	Son of John George II.
	John George IV John George IV, Elector of Saxony Johann Georg IV was Elector of Saxony from 1691 to 1694.He was the eldest son of the Elector John George III, Elector of Saxony and Anna Sophie of Denmark....	1691-1694	Son of John George III.
	Frederick Augustus I	1694-1733	Brother of John George IV. Converted to Catholicism 1697 in order to compete for the crown of Poland. Took the Polish crown 1697, opposed by Stanislaw Leszczynski Stanislaw Leszczynski Stanislaw I Leszczynski was King of Poland of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Duke of Lorraine and a count of the Holy Roman Empire .Born at Lw?w in 1677, he was the son of Rafal Leszczynski , voivode of Poznan Voivodeship, and Anna Jablonowska....  1704, forced to renounce the throne 1706, returned as monarch 1709 until his death. Called "the Strong".
	Frederick Augustus II	1733-1763	Son of Frederick Augustus I. Converted to Catholicism 1721. King of Poland 1734-1763. Called ""the Fat" or (in Poland) "the Saxon".
	Frederick Christian	October-December 1763	Son of Frederick Augustus II, raised Catholic.
	Frederick Augustus III the Just	1763-1806	Son of Frederick Christian. His Electorate ceased with the fall of the Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....  in 1806, and he became King of Saxony.

Kings of Saxony

Kings of Saxony
Wettin Dynasty
Image	Name	Date	Notes
	Frederick Augustus I "the Just"	1806-1827	Duke of Warsaw Duchy of Warsaw The Duchy of Warsaw was a Poland state established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807 from the Polish lands ceded by the Kingdom of Prussia under the terms of the Treaties of Tilsit....  1807-1813
	Anthony	1827-1836	Brother of Frederick Augustus I.
	Frederick Augustus II	1836-1854	Nephew of Anthony.
	John	1854-1873	Brother of Frederick Augustus II.
	Albert "the Good" Albert of Saxony Albert of Saxony may refer to:* Albert of Saxony * Albert I, Duke of Saxony * Albert, Duke of Saxony * Prince Albert of Saxony, Duke of Teschen ...	1873-1902	Son of John.
	George George of Saxony George was a monarch of Kingdom of Saxony of the House of Wettin....	1902-1904	Brother of Albert.
	Frederick Augustus III	1904-1918	Son of George. Last king of Saxony. Lost his throne in the German revolutions German Revolution The German Revolution was the politically-driven civil conflict in Germany at the end of World War I. The period lasted from 1918#November until the formal establishment of the Weimar Republic in August 1919....  of 1918.

Heads of the Albertine Branch of the House of Wettin (since 1918)

• Frederick Augustus III of Saxony, 1918-1932.
• Frederick Christian, Margrave of Meissen, 1932-1968.
• Maria Emanuel, Margrave of Meissen
  Maria Emanuel, Margrave of Meissen
  
  Maria Emanuel, Margrave of Meissen is the head of the Wettin .Born in Pr?fening Abbey, Pr?fening, Bavaria, Germany as son of Friedrich Christian, Margrave of Meissen, List of Margraves of Meissen and Princess Elisabeth Helene of Thurn and Taxis....
  , since 1968.

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