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Roxburgh Castle was a castle
Castle

A castle is a defensive structure seen as one of the main symbols of the Middle Ages. The term has a history of scholarly debate surrounding its exact meaning, but it is usually regarded as being distinct from the general terms fort or fortress in that it describes a residence of a monarch or noble and commands a specific defensive territor...
 sited near modern Roxburgh
Roxburgh

The destroyed royal burgh of Roxburgh was an important trading burgh in High Middle Ages to early modern period Kingdom of Scotland. In the Middle Ages it had at least as much importance as Edinburgh, Stirling, or Berwick-upon-Tweed, for a time acting as de facto capital ....
, in the Borders
Scottish Borders

The Scottish Borders , often referred to simply as the Borders, is one of 32 local government Council areas of Scotland of Scotland. It is bordered by Dumfries and Galloway in the west, South Lanarkshire and West Lothian in the north west, City of Edinburgh, East Lothian, Midlothian to the north; and the Metropolitan and non-metropolit...
 region of Scotland
Scotland

conventional_long_name = ScotlandAlba|common_name= Scotland|image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg|flag_width = 130px...
.

The castle was founded by King David I
David I of Scotland

David I or Dabhidh Mac Maol Chaluim was a 12th-century ruler who was Prince of the Cumbrians and later List of monarchs of Scotland . The youngest son of Maol Chaluim Mac Donnchaidh and Saint Margaret of Scotland, David spent most of his childhood in Scotland, but was exiled to England temporarily in 1093....
. In 1174 it was surrendered to England
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
 after the capture of William I
William I of Scotland

William I , known as the Lion or Garbh, "the Rough", reigned as King of Scots from 1165 to 1214. His reign was the second longest in Scottish history before the Acts of Union 1707 with England in 1707, ....
 at Alnwick
Alnwick

Alnwick is a small market town in north Northumberland, England. It serves as the administrative centre for the Alnwick local government district, and had a population of 31,029 at the time of the 2001 census....
, and was often in English hands thereafter. The Scots made many attempts to regain the fortress. In 1314 it was retaken by Sir James Douglas
James Douglas, Lord of Douglas

Sir James Douglas , , was a Kingdom of Scotland soldier and knight who fought in the Scottish Wars of Independence. He was a son of Sir William Douglas the Hardy, who had been a supporter of William Wallace ....
, but was later lost again. Henry V of England
Henry V of England

Henry V was one of the most significant English warrior kings of the 15th century. He was born at Monmouth, Wales, in the tower above the gatehouse of Monmouth Castle, and reigned as King of England from 1413 to 1422....
 made repairs to the castle after a Scottish siege
Siege

A siege is a military blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by Battle of attrition and/or assault. The term derives from sedere, Latin for "to sit." A siege occurs when an attacker encounters a city or fortress that cannot be easily taken by a coup de main and refuses to surrender ....
 in 1417. In 1460 James II
James II of Scotland

James II of Scotland reigned as king of Scots from 1437 to 1460.He was the son of James I of Scotland and of Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scotland ....
 was killed whilst bombarding the castle, when one of his own cannons exploded.






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Roxburgh Castle was a castle
Castle

A castle is a defensive structure seen as one of the main symbols of the Middle Ages. The term has a history of scholarly debate surrounding its exact meaning, but it is usually regarded as being distinct from the general terms fort or fortress in that it describes a residence of a monarch or noble and commands a specific defensive territor...
 sited near modern Roxburgh
Roxburgh

The destroyed royal burgh of Roxburgh was an important trading burgh in High Middle Ages to early modern period Kingdom of Scotland. In the Middle Ages it had at least as much importance as Edinburgh, Stirling, or Berwick-upon-Tweed, for a time acting as de facto capital ....
, in the Borders
Scottish Borders

The Scottish Borders , often referred to simply as the Borders, is one of 32 local government Council areas of Scotland of Scotland. It is bordered by Dumfries and Galloway in the west, South Lanarkshire and West Lothian in the north west, City of Edinburgh, East Lothian, Midlothian to the north; and the Metropolitan and non-metropolit...
 region of Scotland
Scotland

conventional_long_name = ScotlandAlba|common_name= Scotland|image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg|flag_width = 130px...
.

The castle was founded by King David I
David I of Scotland

David I or Dabhidh Mac Maol Chaluim was a 12th-century ruler who was Prince of the Cumbrians and later List of monarchs of Scotland . The youngest son of Maol Chaluim Mac Donnchaidh and Saint Margaret of Scotland, David spent most of his childhood in Scotland, but was exiled to England temporarily in 1093....
. In 1174 it was surrendered to England
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
 after the capture of William I
William I of Scotland

William I , known as the Lion or Garbh, "the Rough", reigned as King of Scots from 1165 to 1214. His reign was the second longest in Scottish history before the Acts of Union 1707 with England in 1707, ....
 at Alnwick
Alnwick

Alnwick is a small market town in north Northumberland, England. It serves as the administrative centre for the Alnwick local government district, and had a population of 31,029 at the time of the 2001 census....
, and was often in English hands thereafter. The Scots made many attempts to regain the fortress. In 1314 it was retaken by Sir James Douglas
James Douglas, Lord of Douglas

Sir James Douglas , , was a Kingdom of Scotland soldier and knight who fought in the Scottish Wars of Independence. He was a son of Sir William Douglas the Hardy, who had been a supporter of William Wallace ....
, but was later lost again. Henry V of England
Henry V of England

Henry V was one of the most significant English warrior kings of the 15th century. He was born at Monmouth, Wales, in the tower above the gatehouse of Monmouth Castle, and reigned as King of England from 1413 to 1422....
 made repairs to the castle after a Scottish siege
Siege

A siege is a military blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by Battle of attrition and/or assault. The term derives from sedere, Latin for "to sit." A siege occurs when an attacker encounters a city or fortress that cannot be easily taken by a coup de main and refuses to surrender ....
 in 1417. In 1460 James II
James II of Scotland

James II of Scotland reigned as king of Scots from 1437 to 1460.He was the son of James I of Scotland and of Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scotland ....
 was killed whilst bombarding the castle, when one of his own cannons exploded. However Roxburgh was stormed, and James' queen Mary of Guelders
Mary of Guelders

Mary of Guelders was Royal Consorts of Scotland to James II of Scotland....
 had the castle demolished. Its ruins stand in the grounds of Floors Castle
Floors Castle

Floors Castle, west of Kelso, Scotland, south-east Scotland, is the seat of the Duke of Roxburghe. Despite its name it is a country house, rather than a fortress....
, the seat of the Duke of Roxburghe
Duke of Roxburghe

The Duke of Roxburghe is a title in the peerage of Scotland created in 1707 along with the titles Marquess of Bowmont and Cessford Castle, Earl of Kelso and Viscount Broxmouth....
.

In 1545, during the Rough Wooing, the English built a rectangular fort on the site at the instigation of the Earl of Hertford
Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset

Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset was Lord Protector of England in the period between the death of Henry VIII of England in 1547 and his own indictment in 1549....
. This was destroyed in 1550 by the terms of the Treaty of Boulogne.