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The destroyed royal burgh
Royal burgh

A royal burgh was a type of Scottish burgh which had been founded by, or subsequently granted, a royal charter. Although abolished in 1975, the term is still used in many of the former burghs....
 of Roxburgh (or Rosbroch) was an important trading burgh
Burgh

A Burgh is an Wiktionary:Autonomy corporate entity in Scotland, usually a town. This type of administrative division has existed since the 12th century, when David I of Scotland created the first Royal burghs....
 in High Medieval
High Middle Ages

The High Middle Ages was the periodization of history of Europe in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries . The High Middle Ages were preceded by the Early Middle Ages and followed by the Late Middle Ages, which by convention end around 1500....
 to early modern
Early modern period

The early modern period is a term used by historians to refer to the period roughly between 1500 to 1800 in Western Europe . It follows the Late Middle Ages period, and is marked by the first European colony, the rise of strong centralized governments, and the beginnings of recognizable nation states that are the direct antecedents of today'...
 Scotland
Kingdom of Scotland

The Kingdom of Scotland was a state in North-West Europe which existed from 843 until 1707. It occupied the northern third of the island of Great Britain and shared a Anglo-Scottish border to the south with the Kingdom of England, with which it was united to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, under the terms of the Acts of Union 1707, in 170...
. In the Middle Ages
Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
 it had at least as much importance as Edinburgh
Edinburgh

Edinburgh ; is the Capital city of Scotland, a position it has held since 1437. It is the seventh largest city in the United Kingdom and the second largest Scottish City status in the United Kingdom after Glasgow....
, Stirling
Stirling

Stirling is a City status in the United Kingdom and former ancient burgh in Scotland, and is at the heart of the wider Stirling .The city is clustered around a large Stirling Castle and medi?val old-town....
, or Berwick-upon-Tweed
Berwick-upon-Tweed

Berwick-upon-Tweed , situated in the county of Northumberland, is the northernmost town in England, on the east coast at the mouth of the River Tweed....
, for a time acting as de facto capital (as royal residence of David I
David I of Scotland

David I or Dabhidh Mac Maol Chaluim was a 12th-century ruler who was Prince of the Cumbrians and later List of monarchs of Scotland . The youngest son of Maol Chaluim Mac Donnchaidh and Saint Margaret of Scotland, David spent most of his childhood in Scotland, but was exiled to England temporarily in 1093....
).

significance lay in its position in the centre of some of Lowland Scotland's most agriculturally fertile areas, and its position upon the River Tweed
River Tweed

There are other rivers with this name: see Tweed RiverThe River Tweed flows primarily through the Scottish Borders region of England and Scotland....
, which allowed river transport of goods via the main seaport of Berwick-upon-Tweed.






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The destroyed royal burgh
Royal burgh

A royal burgh was a type of Scottish burgh which had been founded by, or subsequently granted, a royal charter. Although abolished in 1975, the term is still used in many of the former burghs....
 of Roxburgh (or Rosbroch) was an important trading burgh
Burgh

A Burgh is an Wiktionary:Autonomy corporate entity in Scotland, usually a town. This type of administrative division has existed since the 12th century, when David I of Scotland created the first Royal burghs....
 in High Medieval
High Middle Ages

The High Middle Ages was the periodization of history of Europe in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries . The High Middle Ages were preceded by the Early Middle Ages and followed by the Late Middle Ages, which by convention end around 1500....
 to early modern
Early modern period

The early modern period is a term used by historians to refer to the period roughly between 1500 to 1800 in Western Europe . It follows the Late Middle Ages period, and is marked by the first European colony, the rise of strong centralized governments, and the beginnings of recognizable nation states that are the direct antecedents of today'...
 Scotland
Kingdom of Scotland

The Kingdom of Scotland was a state in North-West Europe which existed from 843 until 1707. It occupied the northern third of the island of Great Britain and shared a Anglo-Scottish border to the south with the Kingdom of England, with which it was united to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, under the terms of the Acts of Union 1707, in 170...
. In the Middle Ages
Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
 it had at least as much importance as Edinburgh
Edinburgh

Edinburgh ; is the Capital city of Scotland, a position it has held since 1437. It is the seventh largest city in the United Kingdom and the second largest Scottish City status in the United Kingdom after Glasgow....
, Stirling
Stirling

Stirling is a City status in the United Kingdom and former ancient burgh in Scotland, and is at the heart of the wider Stirling .The city is clustered around a large Stirling Castle and medi?val old-town....
, or Berwick-upon-Tweed
Berwick-upon-Tweed

Berwick-upon-Tweed , situated in the county of Northumberland, is the northernmost town in England, on the east coast at the mouth of the River Tweed....
, for a time acting as de facto capital (as royal residence of David I
David I of Scotland

David I or Dabhidh Mac Maol Chaluim was a 12th-century ruler who was Prince of the Cumbrians and later List of monarchs of Scotland . The youngest son of Maol Chaluim Mac Donnchaidh and Saint Margaret of Scotland, David spent most of his childhood in Scotland, but was exiled to England temporarily in 1093....
).

History

Its significance lay in its position in the centre of some of Lowland Scotland's most agriculturally fertile areas, and its position upon the River Tweed
River Tweed

There are other rivers with this name: see Tweed RiverThe River Tweed flows primarily through the Scottish Borders region of England and Scotland....
, which allowed river transport of goods via the main seaport of Berwick-upon-Tweed. Its position also acted as a barrier to English
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
 invasion.

The town stood on a defensible peninsula between the rivers Tweed and Teviot
River Teviot

The River Teviot is a river of the Scottish Borders, and rises in the western foothills of Comb Hill on the border of Dumfries and Galloway. It flows north-eastwards through Teviotdale and past Teviothead, Hawick and Roxburgh before joining the River Tweed to the southwest of Kelso, Scottish Borders....
, with Roxburgh Castle
Roxburgh Castle

Roxburgh Castle was a castle sited near modern Roxburgh, in the Scottish Borders region of Scotland.The castle was founded by David I of Scotland....
 guarding the narrow neck of the peninsula. Nothing remains of the town except some ruined segments of castle ramparts. Its site lies to the south of modern Kelso
Kelso, Scotland

Kelso is a market town in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, located where the rivers River Tweed and River Teviot have their confluence. The town has a population of just over 6,000; it is regarded as one of the most charming and quaint towns in the area with its cobbled streets, elegant Georgian buildings and French style cobbled marke...
 and Floors Castle
Floors Castle

Floors Castle, west of Kelso, Scotland, south-east Scotland, is the seat of the Duke of Roxburghe. Despite its name it is a country house, rather than a fortress....
, which lie on the other side of the Tweed. The Duke of Roxburghe
Duke of Roxburghe

The Duke of Roxburghe is a title in the peerage of Scotland created in 1707 along with the titles Marquess of Bowmont and Cessford Castle, Earl of Kelso and Viscount Broxmouth....
 owns the site.

English and Scots forces repeatedly captured and recaptured the town during the Scottish Wars of Independence. Its final recapture in 1460 saw the town and castle destroyed. After this time the town never regained its importance because the final English capture of Berwick-upon-Tweed in 1482 left Roxburgh with little reason to exist.

Roxburgh was superseded as the county town
County town

A county town is the 'capital' of a county in the United Kingdom or the Republic of Ireland. County towns are usually the location of administrative or judicial functions, or established over time as the de facto main town of a county....
 of the former county
Counties of Scotland

The counties of Scotland were the principal subdivisions of Scotland of Scotland until 1975. Scotland's current Lieutenancy areas of Scotland and registration counties are largely based on them....
 of Roxburghshire
Roxburghshire

Roxburghshire or the County of Roxburgh is a registration county of Scotland. It borders Dumfriesshire to the west, Selkirkshire to the north-west, and Berwickshire to the north....
 by Jedburgh
Jedburgh

Jedburgh is a town and former royal burgh in the Scottish Borders and historically in Roxburghshire....
.

Etymology

Roxburgh probably comes from Old English *hrocas burh, "rook
Rook (bird)

The Rook is a member of the Corvidae family in the passerine order of birds. Named by Linnaeus in 1758, the species name frugilegus is Latin for "food-gathering"....
's borough". However, numerous other suggestions have been offered, including Middle English rockes burh, "burgh
Burgh

A Burgh is an Wiktionary:Autonomy corporate entity in Scotland, usually a town. This type of administrative division has existed since the 12th century, when David I of Scotland created the first Royal burghs....
 of rocks", Rouges burh, after its ancient inhabitants, or Rokes burh, "St. Rok's borough", being dedicated to St. Rok.

Roxburgh District



Roxburgh District 1975–96
Scot1975roxburgh


In more recent times (1975–1996), "Roxburgh" referred to a local government district in the Borders
Scottish Borders

The Scottish Borders , often referred to simply as the Borders, is one of 32 local government Council areas of Scotland of Scotland. It is bordered by Dumfries and Galloway in the west, South Lanarkshire and West Lothian in the north west, City of Edinburgh, East Lothian, Midlothian to the north; and the Metropolitan and non-metropolit...
 region of Scotland
Scotland

conventional_long_name = ScotlandAlba|common_name= Scotland|image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg|flag_width = 130px...
. Its borders broadly resembled those of the traditional county of Roxburghshire
Roxburghshire

Roxburghshire or the County of Roxburgh is a registration county of Scotland. It borders Dumfriesshire to the west, Selkirkshire to the north-west, and Berwickshire to the north....
. In 1996 the district of Roxburgh became part of the Scottish Borders unitary area. (See also: Subdivisions of Scotland
Subdivisions of Scotland

For Local government in Scotland purposes, Scotland is divided into 32 areas designated as "council areas" which are all governed by unitary authority designated as "councils"....
)

Roxburgh (village)

Nowadays the name Roxburgh belongs to a small village about one and a half miles southwest of the site of the historic Roxburgh.

See also

  • List of places in the Scottish Borders
    List of places in the Scottish Borders

    This List of places in the Scottish Borders is a list of links for any town, village, hamlet, castle, golf course, historic house, hillfort, lighthouse, nature reserve, reservoir, river, and other place of interest in the Scottish Borders, Scotland, UK....