Rosario
Encyclopedia
Rosario is the largest city in the province
of Santa Fe
, Argentina
. It is located 300 km (186.4 mi) northwest of Buenos Aires, on the western shore of the Paraná River
and has 1,159,004 residents as of the .
It is the third largest city in Argentina
by its population with a growing and important metropolitan area
. One of its main attractions includes the neoclassical architecture
that has been retained over the centuries in hundreds of residences, houses and public buildings.
Rosario is the head city of the Rosario Department
and is located at the heart of the most important industrial corridor
in Argentina.
The city is a major railroad
terminal and the shipping center for northeastern Argentina. Ships reach the city via the Paraná River, which allows the existence of a 34 feet (10.4 m) deep port
. The Port of Rosario
is subject to silt
ing and must be dredge
d periodically. Export
s include wheat
, flour
, hay
, linseed and other vegetable oils, corn
, sugar
, lumber
, meat
s, hides
, and wool
. Manufactures include flour, sugar, meat products, and other foodstuffs. The Rosario-Victoria Bridge
, opened in 2004, spans the Paraná River, connecting Rosario with the city of Victoria
across the Paraná Delta
. Because it plays a critical role in agricultural commerce, the city finds itself at the center of a continuing debate over taxes levied on big-ticket agricultural goods such as soy.
Along with Paraná
, Rosario is one of the few Argentine cities that cannot point to a particular individual as its founder. The city's patron is the Virgin of the Rosary whose feast day is on October 7. The asteroid 14812 Rosario
was named in its honour.
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Even though the city did not have a clear foundation date or any official acknowledgement thereof, most commentators state that Rosario was founded in 7 October 1793 with a local population of 457 inhabitants Nonetheless the town was officially declared as city on 3 August 1852, at the time it was known as Pago de los Arroyos, that is, "land of the stream
s", a reference to the several small rivers that traverse the southern region of Santa Fe, like the Ludueña Stream
, the Saladillo Stream
and others, emptying into the Paraná River. In 1689, captain Luis Romero de Pineda received part of the lands of the Pago de los Arroyos by royal decree, as payment for services to the Spanish Crown. Before that, the area was originally inhabited by Calchaquí
tribes in reducciones
, a kind of mission
s founded by Franciscan
s. These missions were ultimately attacked and destroyed by hostile tribes of the Chaco
.
Romero de Pineda established the first permanent settlement, an estancia — intended as farmland, not as a town. In 1719 the Jesuits
bought another part and established Estancia San Miguel. The area was still so scarcely populated that it had no central authority; it was ruled from the provincial capital (Santa Fe
), and in turn from Buenos Aires.
In 1724 another colonial settlement was initiated by Santiago de Montenegro, who set up a mill, drew plans for the future town, built a chapel
, and was appointed Mayor
in 1751. The area of control of this local government extended northward from today's Rosario; only in 1784 was it divided into two smaller jurisdictions.
On February 27, 1812, General Manuel Belgrano
raised the newly created Argentine flag
on the shores of the Paraná, for the first time. Because of this, Rosario is known as the "Cradle of the Argentine Flag". The National Flag Memorial
marks the occasion.
travelled
through the area in 1832 and described Rosario as "a large town" with about 2,000 residents. In 1841 its port
was shut off to foreign trade
by a decree of the caudillo
and Governor of Buenos Aires, Juan Manuel de Rosas
which banned navigation of the Paraná and the Paraguay
rivers to non-Argentine vessels.
On 25 December 1851, a small group of locals and the military guard of the city declared their support for the rival caudillo Justo José de Urquiza
. As a reward for their participation in the Battle of Caseros
, triumphant Urquiza wrote to the governor of Santa Fe on 9 June 1852 asking for Rosario to be granted city status. Governor Domingo Crespo
justified the request at the provincial legislative body, marking the geographically strategic position of the town for national and international trade, and on 5 August Rosario was formally declared a city.
Urquiza opened up the river for free international trade. The city's economy and population expanded at an accelerated rate. By 1880, Rosario had become the first export outlet of Argentina
. By 1887 it had about 50,000 inhabitants, of which 40% were immigrants, who brought new ideas from Europe and started turning Rosario into a politically progressive city (contrasting with the more conservative
, aristocratic Santa Fe).
During part of the second half of the 19th century there was a movement promoting that the city of Rosario become the capital of the republic. Ovidio Lagos
, founder of the oldest Argentine newspaper, La Capital
, was one of the strongest defenders of this idea (one of the main avenues in Rosario
now carries his name). Rosario was indeed declared the federal capital in three occasions, but each time the law received a veto of the Executive Branch (once by Bartolomé Mitre
and twice by Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
). In the last 15 years of the 19th century, the city more than doubled its population, in part due to immigration. In 1911 the French-owned railway company Ferrocarril Rosario y Puerto Belgrano
opened a line between Rosario and Argentina's main naval base in Puerto Belgrano
. By 1926, Rosario had 407,000 inhabitants, 47% of them foreign, many coming from Europe in the wake of World War I.
's rise to power. The city received the benefits of the nationalization
and subsidizing
of many industries. Perón was deposed
in 1955. In 1969 workers and students took the streets to protest against the dictatorship (Rosariazo
). During the dictatorship
started in 1976, hundreds of citizens were "disappeared
" by the government.
In 1983 Argentina returned to democratic rule but hyperinflation
caused the economic collapse of the country in 1989. In Rosario there were riots
with episodes of looting
. Under the Menem
administration the situation became worse as the industrial sector of the city was dismantled by foreign competition and agricultural exports stagnated. In 1995 unemployment
in the area reached 21.1%, and a large part of Rosario's population fell below the poverty line.
Since the recovery of the national economy
that followed the 2001 collapse, Rosario's economic situation has improved. The boom in agricultural exports has caused a large increase in consumer spending and investment. Mayor Miguel Lifschitz
's administration is taking advantage of the economic boom to invest heavily in public works
, as well as in public health (which takes up about a quarter of the whole budget
).
Rosario is ruled by an Executive Branch represented by a Mayor
(seat: Palacio de los Leones
), and a Legislative Branch, consisting of a Deliberative Council (seat: Palacio Vassallo
). The Mayor is elected for a four-year term and the Council renews half of its 21 members every two years.
The city is divided into six large administrative districts
(Center, North, Northwest, West, Southwest, and South), with Municipal District Centers that provide services to the population.
Local people and institutions have been pushing the provincial government to grant Rosario the status of Autonomous City. Some, with the sponsorship of the governors of Santa Fe, Entre Ríos and Córdoba as well as other important politicians, have put forward a legislative project to move the National Congress
to Rosario, to decentralise
the national government.
Since the return to democracy in 1983, the Mayors of Rosario were Horacio Usandizaga
, Héctor Cavallero
, Hermes Binner
, and the current one, Miguel Lifschitz
(of the Socialist Party
, elected in 2003 and re-elected in 2007).
The city does not have a police
force of its own (it is served by the provincial police), but in 2004 it led to the creation of a special patrol force of unarmed officers called Guardia Urbana Municipal ("Municipal Urban Guard") which was imitated later by Buenos Aires
in 2005.
. In July of 2011, Mónica Fein
was elected to become the Mayor in December of 2011.
Electric power is supplied to the whole urban area and running water reaches 97% of the population (about 350,000 homes). Natural gas is provided to 227,152 homes.
Since the beginning of the recovery of the national economy, the city is experiencing a real estate boom (as of 2007). In the period 2003–2006, the construction sector has added 2 million m2, investing about $900 million. Despite this increased supply, prices have increased by 10% compared to the values during the 1990s, and rents have soared by 165%.
Experts believe that this growth is propelled by the increased purchasing power of farmers around Rosario, helped by competitive exports, and the overall preference for safer investment options.
and an emergency hospital/trauma center
) and a municipal outpatient-only center, plus 2 large provincial hospitals (Hospital Provincial
and Hospital Centenario
), and their associated primary care
centers in the city proper and its metropolitan area.
whose economy is based on the services and the industry, generating the second urban gross regional product
of Argentina, after the Greater Buenos Aires The principal manufacturing sector is the agroindustry
, whose industries are placed in the northern and southern areas of the Greater Rosario
; the investments over the last decade have transformed Rosario in a major pole of processing of oil of the world Many other sectors contribute to the diversified industrial offering of the city. Rosario and its metropolitan area produce 20% of the cars, 4 % of the domestic refrigerators, 80% of the machinery for the food industry and 100% of the auto bodies for long distance buses made in Argentina.
Other important sectors include the petrochemical sector, with three plants located in the suburbs of San Lorenzo and Port San Martin; the chemistry sector, with plants for sulphuric acid, fertilizers, resins and other inputs; the cellulose industry; the meat industry; ironworks; auto parts; the plants and equipment for bottled oil; agricultural machinery; and the materials and equipments for the construction industry.
Worldwide international companies settled in Rosario include, among others, General Motors
, Cargill
, Unilever
, John Deere
, Petrobrás
, ICI
, Dow, Tenneco
and Mahle
.
The main financial bank at the city of Rosario is the Municipal Bank of Rosario
. Its central offices are located in the financial district, on San Martín St.
, and there are several additional offices throughout the city. It is focused on small and medium enterprise
s and other organizations, especially through microcredit
s, and may be considered an "ethical bank". http://guadaloupe.org/guadalupe/content/view/16/32/
The Municipal Bank was founded in 1896 to support the financial needs of the citizens and small businesses in the highly productive region of southern Santa Fe Province, centered in Rosario. At the time, the city had around 92,000 inhabitants and was already the most important port
on the Paraná River. The idea of creating a municipal financial institution was expressed in 1893 by mayor Floduardo Grandoli, citing the proliferation of "centers of usury
" that exploited those in need of credit, especially the poor (something not addressed by the profile of the Provincial Bank of Santa Fe
, which granted loans only to demonstrably solvent persons). Acting on this, the municipal Counseling Commission passed a bill (on 1 February 1895) dictating an "Organic Charter of the Municipal Bank of Loans and Savings Accounts". The bank opened exactly one year later.
The seat of the bank was moved in 1905. Its name was changed to its present form on 14 May 1940 by a municipal bill. Its location was moved again, and for the last time so far, in 1986.
In 2006, after some political controversy, the bank was capitalized by the municipality in order to comply with new regulations dictated by the Central Bank
, and transformed into a joint stock company
, with only 1% of the stock belonging to the municipal state. A special clause was added, dictating that this minimum share is unchangeable, so as to prevent hypothetical attempts at privatization
. http://www.lacapital.com.ar/2006/07/05/economia/noticia_307357.shtml
The Rosario Board of Trade
hosts the country's largest commodity
market, dealing in cereals and oilseeds, and also the largest futures exchange
(ROFEX). The banking sector includes the state-owned Municipal Bank of Rosario
, with branches and offices throughout the city, and the central branch of the New Bank of Santa Fe
.
The largest technological center in Argentina – Polo Tecnológico Rosario (PTR)
– is located in Rosario within La Siberia
site. The center focus mainly on research and development of the three following areas: biotechnology, software development and telecommunications. It currently employs 3,500 people and it is expected to grow 100% by 2015 to become one of the largest in Latin America.
Important theaters are El Círculo, Sala Lavardén
, Broadway
, Astengo Auditorium, La Comedia, etc. The cultural complex known as "Puerto de la Musica" -designed by the modernist architect Oscar Niemeyer
- is to be built along the banks of the Paraná River. It will be one of the biggest centers for musical performance in Latin America and is scheduled to be completed by the year 2012.
The city has several museum
s including: Juan B. Castagnino Fine Arts Museum
, Firma y Odilo Estévez Municipal Decorative Art Museum
, Dr. Julio Marc Provincial Historical Museum
, City Museum
, and Museum of Contemporary Art of Rosario
(MACRo). The Dr. Ángel Gallardo Provincial Natural Sciences Museum
was rebuilt after a fire in 2003 and re-opened at a new location in 2006. There are plans to move the National Oriental Art Museum
, which currently shares a building with the National Decorative Art Museum in Buenos Aires, to Rosario.
Rosario has a public astronomy complex, located in Urquiza Park, which consists of an observatory
(inaugurated in 1970) and a planetarium
(1984).
The Fundación Italia
is a cultural institution whose importance has been growing since its creation in 1985. Created by people who boast a "cultural bond with Italy" it has organized a Neapolitan
music concert, a performance of Madame Butterfly and numerous talks about the present and future of Argentina. Among the people invited to give these talks were economists Domingo Cavallo
and Alfonso Prat Gay
, renowned scholars Beatriz Sarlo
and Silvia Bleichmar
, journalists Alejandro Rozitchner
and Jorge Asís
, filmmaker Fernando Solanas
and the former presidents of Chile -Ricardo Lagos
-, Argentina -Eduardo Duhalde
-, and Uruguay -Luis Alberto Lacalle Herrera. As this list of invited politicians and thinkers suggests, this organization promotes cultural activities aligned with the right-wing political parties and the interests of national corporations that fiercely oppose the governments of Nestor and Cristina Kirchner. Domingo Cavallo, for instance, was the minister of Finance in Argentina during the presidency of Carlos Menem and the intellectual author of the infamous "convertibilidad", an economic policy that arguably led Argentina to the political and financial collapse of 2001.
The Hippodrome was located in the heart of the Parque de la Independencia and occupied a prominent place in the city's social scene. In 1919 construction began of the Popular Opinion. La Tribuna rises Partners in 1928. Moreover, it had begun the construction of a new box office. In 1941, he demolished the Tribune Paddock (formerly Partners Tribune). The final podium of Professional construidaes, begun in 1972. Independence Hippodrome was the initiator in Argentina night time racing, with lighting facilities for this purpose.
The National Flag Memorial in Rosario, Argentina, is a monumental complex built near the banks of the Paraná River. It was inaugurated on June 20, 1957, the anniversary of the death of Manuel Belgrano, creator of the Argentine flag, who raised it for the first time in an island on the opposite shore of the river on February 27, 1812.
The complex has a total area of about 10,000 square metres, and was constructed using stone primarily sourced in the Andes, under the direction of architects Ángel Guido and Alejandro Bustillo, and the sculptors José Fioravanti, Alfredo Bigatti and Eduardo Barnes.
The Memorial (Monumento) has three parts: the Tower (Torre) or mast, with 70 metres high, which commemorates the Revolution of May 1810 and houses Manuel Belgrano's crypt in its base; the Civic Courtyard (Patio Cívico), which symbolizes the effort of the organization of the state (the Courtyard is used for massive open-air shows), and the Triumphal Propylaeum (Propileo Triunfal), representing the Nation as organized after the 1853 Constitution. Under the Propylaeum there is the Honour Room for the Flags of America (where the flags of all American nations are displayed).
The complex faces Belgrano Avenue, and is delimited by Córdoba St. and Santa Fe St., which slopes down towards the river at this point. The Propylaeum can be accessed from the pedestrian passage called Pasaje Juramento ("Oath Passage"), which starts at Buenos Aires St. between the municipal building (Palacio de los Leones) and the Cathedral, in front of Plaza 25 de Mayo (May 25 Square). The passage is flanked by statues by famous sculptor Lola Mora.
The Memorial and the National Flag Park located in front of it are the seat of the main celebrations of Flag Day on June 20. The 50th anniversary of the inauguration of the complex, in 2007, was marked by a special celebration and by the unveiling of a new lighting system.
El Puerto de la Música will be a theater with a total capacity of 30,000 people located by the Paraná River. Architect Oscar Niemeyer
thought the concept by expanding the show from inside the theater to a much larger outside audience. The concrete curvilinear shape building with an area of 215278 sq ft (20,000 m²) is the first design of Oscar Niemeyer in Argentina. The project will be a distinctive part of Rosario's skyline. Construction will begin at the end of 2010 and is expected to be completed by 2014.
The planetarium has a core team, together with its secondary elements, provide an artificial image of the sky, through projections made on a fixed hemispherical dome that functions as a display.
The assembly is installed in the Room "Oscar Claudio Caprile", located in the heart of the magnificent building that is shaped like a comet.
For its technical characteristics in terms of size, quality of sound and image and interior comfort, this room is considered among the best in the world.
The building in the shape of comet forms a part of the complex that includes the "Prof. Victor Capolongo" observatory and the experimental science museum.
Municipal Astronomical Observatory "Prof. Victor Capolongo" was inaugurated on June 18, 1970 and named its first director.
The Observatory meets outreach, teaching and research in the field of astronomy and related sciences and informs the public of phenomena that occur in the sky, as eclipses, planetary configurations, passages of comets, etc.
To that end, the Observatory has installed two telescopes. One refractor Coudé of 150 mm. Of opening and 2250 mm of focal distance provided with Lyot's monochromatic filter for the solar observation and another reflector type Cassegrain of 300 mm. Of opening, constructed by the house Carl Zeiss.
There are realized observations and astronomic photography of all the celestial visible objects in Rosario's sky, according to the epoch of the year and very specially the Sun, the Moon and the planets like Jupiter, Saturn, Mars and Venus.
It was inaugurated on September 24, 1987. It is the first that works in Argentina and differs from traditional museums iy has equipment and instruments that demonstrate the Laws of Nature, which can be used by the general public in an interactive way.
Thus, visitors of all ages can be seen with telescopes and microscopes, experimenting with lasers, sound mixers, radios of various types, computers, solar cells, etc.
To complement this, exhibit panels with photographs and explanatory texts of the Basic Science and Technology: Mathematics and Computer Science, Engineering, Physics, Astronomy, Astronautics, Geology, Chemistry and Biology.
In addition, an important area is intended for periodic samples, such as "Space Age", Energy: renewable and rational use "", From Sand to Glass, "among others. The museum staff was achieved through contributions from the Ministry of Science and Technology Office, the Municipality of Rosario and the contribution made by institutions and individuals.
The Museum audiovisual projections made in the Video Sector Science and has an area called "CIENCIANIÑO" for children 4 to 10 years. The Museum works in the evening similar to the Planetarium. Educational institutions at all levels are treated in previous days shift assignment.
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Rosario is located in the Province
of Santa Fe
, Argentina
. This metropolis has a population of about 1.2 million (1,159,004 est.), thus being Argentina's third most populated urban settlement, after Córdoba
. The Greater Rosario comprises Rosario itself (population about 910,000) and a large area around it, spreading in all directions except eastward (because of the Paraná River). Directly to the south it includes the city of Villa Gobernador Gálvez
, with a population of about 75,000, at about 10 km from Rosario city centre.
To the west and south-west there are several smaller towns and cities (Funes
, Roldán
, Pérez
, Soldini
); Roldán is 23 km from Rosario city centre. These settlements were incorporated into the metropolis due to their vicinity to major roads leading into Rosario, and many people living there habitually commute
to Rosario.
The farthest end is to the north, following the coast of the river; from Rosario one finds, in succession and usually merging into each other, the towns of Granadero Baigorria
, Capitán Bermúdez
, Fray Luis Beltrán
, San Lorenzo
(already in a different departamento
, with a population of over 40,000), and Puerto General San Martín
, the last being at a distance of 35 km from Rosario.
The north of the Greater Rosario is one end of an area traditionally called Cordón Industrial ("Industrial Corridor"), since it was traditionally a heavily industrialized productive region. The prelude to the economic crisis in the 1990s largely dismantled the industrial infrastructure and damaged agricultural exports. As of 2006
the recovery of national economy has revitalized them, but high levels of poverty and unemployment persist (the last official survey indicates that 23.4% of the population is under the poverty line).
In 1876 the total population was 203,509 and it doubled in 1908, and yet again in less than two decades; by 1926 Rosario had 407,000 inhabitants, 47% of them foreign, many brought from Europe in the wake of World War I. Most of them were Italian, and among them, a majority from the north-western region of Liguria
.
As of the census of 2001, there are 1,161,188 people residing in the city and 31 surrounding districts
, making metro Rosario home to one in five Argentines
The population density in Rosario proper was 13,680 inhabitants per square kilometer (34,800 per mi2); but, only about 2,400 per km2 (6,100 per mi2) in the suburbs.
The 2001 Census showed a relatively aged population, as well; with 17% under the age of fifteen and 22% over sixty, the people have an age structure similar to those in most European cities. They are, likewise, a good bit more elderly than Argentines as a whole (of whom, 28% were under 15 and 14%, over 60).
The ethnic make-up of Rosario changed in the late 19th-century, when significant numbers of European immigrants arrived in the city. Prior to this, Rosario's population had been almost completely European-descent in ethnic origin. As Buenos Aires
was the first landfall in Argentina for many migrant ships coming from Europe in the 1850s and 1890s, Rosario started to experience a diverse influx of people,. The main contributors were Spain, Italy, France, Eastern European nations such as Croatia
, Poland, Russia, Romania
, Ukraine
and the Balkans
(especially Greece, Serbia
and Montenegro
), Switzerland, Germany, the United Kingdom and Ireland, and Scandinavia (especially Sweden). By the 1910s, 43 percent of the city population was non-native Argentine after immigration rates peaked
Most immigrants, regardless of origin, settled in the city or around Greater Rosario
. However, in the first stages of immigration, some formed colonies (especially agricultural colonies
) in different parts of the city, often encouraged by the Argentine government and/or sponsored by private individuals and organizations.
: 261,047
Area
: 20.37 km2 (11.45% of the Municipality)
Population density
: 12,815 inhab/km2
Housing
: 110,152 units
: 131,495
Area
: 35.02 km2 (19.6% of the Municipality)
Population density
: 3,744 inhab/km2
Housing
: 40,492 units
: 144,461
Area
: 44.14 km2 (24.7% of the Municipality)
Population density
: 3,273 inhab/km2
Housing
: 41,740 units
: 106,356
Area
: 40.21 km2 (22.5% of the Municipality)
Population density
: 2,645 inhab/km2
Housing
: 31,625 units
: 103,446
Area
: 20.19 km2 (11.3% of the Municipality)
Population density
: 5,123 inhab/km2
Housing
: 28,284 units
: 160,771
Area
: 18.76 km2 (10.5% of the Municipality)
Population density
: 8,569 inhab/km2
Housing
: 48,541 units
is the main avenue, it begins at the Flag Memorial Park, climbs towards the district area, and becomes a pedestrian walk for seven blocks, between Plaza 25 de Mayo and Plaza Pringles. Along Córdoba Ave to the west Paseo del Siglo
("Walk of the Century") was settled, with former houses of wealthy families, finally there is also the San Martín Square
, and elsewhere, Plaza Montenegro
(on Peatonal San Martín, the pedestrian-only four blocks of San Martín Street
) and Plaza Sarmiento
.
Oroño Boulevard
(going north–south) and Pellegrini Avenue
(east–west) mark the boundaries of the town center together with the river. At their confluence starts the Parque de la Independencia
, that houses the Juan B. Castagnino Fine Arts Museum
, the Newell's Old Boys
football club, and the sports clubs Provincial and Gimnasia y Esgrima, as well as the horse racetrack and the former Sociedad Rural (Rural Society).
Towards the south, beyond Pellegrini Avenue, there are two more boulevards, 27 de Febrero and Seguí, and avenues Uriburu, Arijón and Battle y Ordóñez.
To the west, after Oroño, there are the avenues Ovidio Lagos and Francia, Avellaneda Boulevard and Provincias Unidas Avenue. The main barrio
s in the south are La Tablada
, Parque Casado
, Las Heras
, Las Delicias
and Las Flores
. The city ends in the Saladillo Stream
.
Among the districts in the west are Echesortu
, Belgrano
, Triángulo, Moderno, Godoy and Fisherton
. To the north-east there lie Pichincha
, Ludueña, Lisandro de la Torre
(home of Rosario Central's stadium) and Empalme Graneros.
Next to the stadium there is the Parque Alem
, and nearby the Sorrento thermal power plant. To the north lie the districts of Alberdi
, La Florida (with a popular beach resort of the same name), Parque Field (built under US President John F. Kennedy's Alliance for Progress development plans) and Rucci. The main streets are Alberdi Avenue and its continuation, Rondeau Boulevard (which leads to the Rosario-Victoria Bridge
and the city of Granadero Baigorria
). These are crossed by the avenues Las Tres Vías, Génova, Sorrento and Puccio.
An important part of Rosario's urban character is its river bank. The city recovered the river bank of the Paraná not long ago, thanks to a reorganization of terrains formerly owned by the port and the national railroad system. Going from the center immediately north of the port, the river bank is surrounded by a large amount of parks; Argentine flag Memorial
, Parque de España
, Parque de las Colectividades
and Parque Sunchales
.
(the natural border with Villa Gobernador Gálvez
). This is just south of the great barrio Grandoli.
Among the neighborhoods in the west are Echesortu
, Belgrano
, Triángulo, Moderno, Godoy and Fisherton
(near the west end of the city, formerly home of hierarchical personnel of English railroad companies established in Rosario).
To the north-east there lie the neighborhoods of Pichincha
(a red-light district
in early 20th century, now home to an open-air antiquities fair: Mercado de antigüedades "Feria Retro La Huella"), Ludueña, Lisandro de la Torre
(home of the Rosario Central
football club) and Empalme Graneros; these last three are in the influence area of the Ludueña Stream
, now contained by underground piping, but until the 1980s a source of floods.
Next to the Rosario Central stadium there is a large park, Parque Alem
, and not far from it there stands the Sorrento thermoelectric power plant. North from the Lisandro de la Torre neighborhood there are Alberdi
(formerly an independent town), La Florida (with a popular beach resort of the same name) and Rucci.
The main streets in the north are Alberdi Avenue and its continuation, Rondeau Boulevard (which leads to the north exit of the city, the access to the Rosario-Victoria Bridge and the town of Granadero Baigorria
). These major arteries are crossed by several avenues: Las Tres Vías, Génova, Sorrento and Puccio.
(Chile
), on the Pacific, an important component in global distribution and the core center of a key corridor in the Mercosur
, the Common Market for the South.
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The Rosario public transport system includes buses, trolleybus
es and taxicabs.
The Rosario trolleybus system
consists of only one main trunk line. It is presently operated by a government-owned corporation
, SEMTUR
(Sociedad del Estado Municipal para el Transporte Urbano de Rosario, "Municipal State Society for Rosario Urban Transport"), as are some of Rosario's other urban bus lines.
Plaza Sarmiento
is the hub of the city bus system, about 40 urban lines in the metropolitan area that provide service every 5 to 10 minutes.
Bus fares are pre-paid by means of a disposable paper card
with a magnetic stripe which can be bought from post office
s, automatic vending machines, and private businesses. For occasional use, a larger fare can be paid using a coin
machine in the bus unit. The interurban lines have differential fares and some allow payment in cash only.
The urban bus fleet was partially renewed during the recovery of the national economy, since 2003, and consists of about 730 units. In 2005 the average age of the buses was 5 years and 11 months. Improvements in the economy have led to increased use of public transport, and comparatively less use of bicycles. According to the Rosario Transportation Office, in 2005 there were about 11 million bus journeys per month, by 2007, usage has climbed to 420,000 people every day (12.6 million per month).
As a curiosity, Rosario has a large number of buses which run on natural gas
, as it happens also in Argentina as a whole, and all gas stations provide it. Its price is quite low compared to the alternatives. The idea to transform all buses to this system did not prosper; most buses run on heavily subsidized diesel fuel.
Rosario has a medium-sized taxi
fleet, with units painted black and outlined in yellow. Some belong to radio-taxi companies and can be reserved by telephone; others only in the streets. As the economy of Argentina recovers, the capacity of the taxi fleet has been strained by higher usage. In September 2005, the Deliberative Council approved the compulsory installation of radio-call systems in all taxi units, but this requirement has not been fulfilled.
Rosario is also a major hub for long-distance overland transportation from the Mariano Moreno Bus Terminal, (Terminal de Omnibus), across from the Patio de la Madera
Convention and Exposition Centre complex, about 15 blocks west of Plaza San Martin
.
The transportation facility serves 73 bus companies in short, medium and long-distance travel, carrying 1,100.000 passengers per month to 784 national and international destinations, which comprise most major domestic cities including Puerto Iguazú
, Salta
and Bariloche and international destinations such as Asunción
, Paraguay, Curitiba
and Rio de Janeiro
, Brazil and Montevideo
, Uruguay, destinations may be long but white-clad chauffeurs handle comfortable long-distance coaches
with modern conveniences.
(NCA) railway company handle most of the cargo
. Additionally, two private passenger railway companies provide limited services to several major cities. Trenes de Buenos Aires
runs weekly trains south to Retiro Station
in (Buenos Aires) and north to Santa Fe
. The company Ferrocentral
also operates weekly trains south to Buenos Aires and northwest to Córdoba
and Tucumán.
There was a project to build a high-speed train
between Buenos Aires-Rosario-Córdoba
, scheduled to be started in 2008, with an inauguration in 2012, that would join Rosario and Buenos Aires in 85 minutes, and would reach Córdoba in another 90 minutes at speeds of up to 320 km/h (200 mph). However it never was constructed and the project was finally suspended after the controversy it generated among the citizens and the media critics because of the high costs it implicated.
(from Buenos Aires to Rosario and then north and west up to Jujuy and Bolivia), the Brigadier Estanislao López Highway
(north, to Santa Fe City), National Route 11 (to the north of Santa Fe, Formosa and Paraguay), National Route 33 (to the southwest of Santa Fe and the province of Buenos Aires, and then through National Route 7
to San Luis, Mendoza and Chile), National Route 34 (north to Santiago del Estero, Tucumán and Bolivia), and National Route 174 (east, to Entre Ríos, over the Rosario-Victoria Bridge).
It is surrounded with an extensive system of two belt-highways called Circunvalación Motorway
and A012
which in turn set the limits of the city.
The Circunvalacion beltway is 30 km (18.6 mi) and was built for traffic to avoid the congested city centre, it allows drivers to bypass the city going around it in a much shorter time.
In its 30 km (19 mi) length, it intersects with National Route 9
, National Route 3
, National Route 34
, National Route 11
and National Route 174
.
The official numbering system denotes this road as "A008" but this denomination is mostly unknown by the locals as it is still called "Avenida de Circunvalación 25 de Mayo" ("25 of May Beltway Avenue") commemorating the May Revolution
of 1810. Some sections are named after different personalities by local decree. For example:
The A012
is a the second beltway at the southeast of the city. It has a semi-circular length centered around the city, running as a long-length beltway. From the National Route 9
junction on km marker 278, in the town of Esther, to the junction with National Route 11
on km marker 326 in the city of San Lorenzo
it runs for 67 km (41.6 mi).
This road is popularly known as the Second Rosario Beltway, as it borders the metropolitan area of greater Rosario.
Through National Decree 1595 of 1979 this road switched to federal control. Beforehand this road was called Provincial Route 16.
is located 13 km (8.1 mi) west-northwest from the center of Rosario, a city in the Santa Fe Province
of Argentina
. The airport covers an area of 550 hectare
s (1359 acre
s) and is operated by the Province of Santa Fe.
The airport serves the Greater Rosario
area and is the main hub for Sol Líneas Aéreas
and is also served by Aerolíneas Argentinas
, Pluna
and Gol Transportes Aéreos
. There are domestic flights within Argentina from Rosario to Buenos Aires
, Córdoba
, Mar del Plata
(via Buenos Aires), Mendoza
(vía Córdoba), Santa Fe
and Villa Gesell
(via Buenos Aires) cities as well as international services to, Porto Alegre, Brazil, and Punta del Este, Uruguay (direct flight in summer and via Buenos Aires in fall, winter and spring).
The airport is at an altitude of 82 feet (25 m) and its longest runway
measures 9843 feet (3 kilometres).
, is an inland port and a major goods-shipping centre of Argentina, located in the city of Rosario, province
of Santa Fe
, on the right-hand (western) shore of the Paraná River, about 550 km upstream from the Atlantic Ocean.
At this point of the course of the Paraná (Kilometer 420) lies the depth transition between overseas and river navigation. The main channel of the river directly in front of the port has an advantageous configuration that allows to preserve a depth of 34 feet (10.4 m) with minor periodic dredging
. This allows for downstream navigation of vessels up to Panamax
kind. The Paraná is about 600 m wide at Kilometer 418 and becomes 2,000 m wide downstream.
The port is the largest of a series located in the several cities of the Greater Rosario
that lie on the Paraná; the last (northernmost) able of overseas traffic being Puerto General San Martín
(23 km upstream from Rosario). It is part of the Bi-Oceanic Corridor that joins the Atlantic with the Pacific Ocean via Buenos Aires, Rosario, Córdoba
, the Cuyo region and Valparaíso
, Chile
; going north-south it forms the axis of the Paraguay
-Paraná Hydroway. It directly services the area of Santa Fe that produces a large part of Argentine exports, and indirectly the whole Mercosur
trade bloc
. In 2003 the traffic in the port amounted to 2.9 million tonnes.
Cargo] from other parts of Argentina is brought into the port by the railway lines of the Nuevo Central Argentino
, communicating with Córdoba
(west) and Zárate, Buenos Aires
(south), as well as the multiple national and provincial roads and highways that converge in Rosario. Communication with the north-eastern part of the country was enhanced by the 2003 opening of the Rosario-Victoria Bridge
, that joins the city with the province of Entre Ríos
. The Rosario International Airport
(located 15 km west) has also been refurbished to work with cargo traffic.
Rosario is an important educational centre at a national and international level. It is the home of the National University of Rosario
(UNR) since 1968, which includes the Law Faculty
, the Medicine Faculty
, the Humanities Faculty and an advanced study centre called Ciudad Universitaria de Rosario (university city) that is home to more than 10 colleges, including the Faculty of Psychology, the Faculty of Political Sciences, the Faculty of Architecture, etc. It is also home of the Rosario Regional Faculty, a branch of the National Technological University
(UTN). All of these national colleges are free.
In the city there are approximately 624 establishments destined for elementary levels and secondary education, the Technical Institute, which depends directly on the UNR). With a solid tradition as for universitary education, it is head of several academic institutions, and is public, and free access.
Currently, there are some 80,000 University students at various institutions around the city, representing approximately 8.5% of the whole inhabitants. This rate is one of the highest in Argentina. In Rosario, nearly 15% of the population benefits from higher education degrees, or have undergone at least some University studies sometime.
Rosario has private colleges, as the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina
(UCA), the Austral University, the University of the Latin American Educational Center
(UCEL), the Interamerican Open University
(UAI), the Italian University of Rosario (IUNIR), the San Martin University and the University of Concepcion del Uruguay which are private institutions.
dialect. The intra-dialectal differences with Buenos Aires and other cities in the same area are minimal, though rosarinos aspirate and suppress their final -s more than porteño
s, and there are also minor lexical
variants.
The city has a local language game
, sometimes employed as slang
, called Rosarigasino
(related to jeringonza
).
Rioplatense Spanish, has intonation patterns that resemble those of Italian dialects, and differ markedly from the patterns of other forms of Spanish. This correlates well with immigration patterns. Argentina had huge numbers of Italian settlers since the 19th century.
According to a study conducted by National Scientific and Technical Research Council
of Argentina
, and published in Bilingualism: Language and Cognition (ISSN
1366-7289), Rioplatense speakers have an intonation most closely resembling Neapolitan
. The researchers note that this is relatively recent phenomenon, starting in the beginning of the 20th century with the main wave of Southern Italian immigration.
Several languages influenced the Rioplatense Spanish
, because of the diversity of settlers and immigrants to Argentina:
clubs Rosario Central
(founded 1889) and Newell's Old Boys
(founded 1903). Newell's plays in the Primera División Argentina
and Central descended to the First "B" in 2010 for the fourth time in history, and will play in the Primera B Nacional on the 2010/2011 season after losing the playoffs against All Boys. Central has won 4 National championships (in 1971, 1973, 1980 and in 1987) and one international title: the Conmebol Cup (currently known as Copa Sudamericana
) in 1995. Newell's has 5 National championships (in 1974, 1988, 1991, 1992 and in 2004). Rosario's other football clubs are Club Atlético Central Córdoba
, currently playing in Primera C Metropolitana
, Club Atlético Tiro Federal Argentino
in Torneo Argentino A
and Argentino de Rosario
in Primera D Metropolitana
.
It is also the hometown of Argentine internationals Ángel Di María
, Ezequiel Garay
, Maxi Rodríguez, Cesar Delgado
, Ezequiel Lavezzi
, Éver Banega
, Lionel Messi
and Luciana Aymar.
Rosario is also the second choice site for Argentine
rugby
tests, after Buenos Aires
. Famous rugby clubs from the city include Club Atlético del Rosario
– one of the four UAR
founding clubs – and also Jockey Club de Rosario
and Duendes Rugby Club
, both former winners of the Nacional de Clubes
title.
Rosario has major women's hockey tournament.
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The city of Rosario measures 178.69 square kilometres (not all of them are fully urbanized). Its extreme points are:
The geographical center is approximately at 32°57′2"S 60°42′15"W (see also other cities on the same latitude).
The city is located on a smoothly undulated plain typical of the Pampa
s, between 22.5 and 24.6 metres above mean sea level
; the original settlement rests on the ravine
on the right-hand shore of the Paraná, opposite a group of islands of the Paraná Delta
which are partly in the jurisdiction of the province of Entre Ríos
. The nearest city across the river's flood plain (60 km) is Victoria, Entre Ríos
, linked to Rosario by the Rosario-Victoria Bridge
.
Rosario lies on the ravine
of the right-hand shore of the Paraná, about 24 m above mean sea level
, in a place with a natural slope to the low shore. The point of origin of the city is Plaza 25 de Mayo
("May 25
Square"), now surrounded by the Municipality (Palacio de los Leones
), the Basilica Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary
, the Central Post Office, the Decorative Art Museum
and a building called La Bola de Nieve ("The Snowball"). Between the Cathedral and the municipal building is Pasaje Juramento ("Oath Passage"), leading to the Flag Memorial. The streets mostly follow a regular checkerboard
pattern.
.png)
The Rosario area has a Pampean
Humid subtropical climate
(Köppen climate classification Cwa), and is well known for its changeable weather conditions. The city has average temperatures of 23.4 °C (74.12 degrees Fahrenheit) maximum and 11.6 °C (52.88 degrees Fahrenheit) minimum, and an annual rainfall of 1,038 mm (40.87 in).
Rosario is usually warmer than other mainland Argentine capital cities in the winter. The lowest average on winter is 4.4 °C (40 °F). This is due in part to the city's flat topography, its situation on the Paraná River bank, and the presence of high density of urbanization, have created a microclimate known as urban heat island
that often means that the city is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas.
The temperature difference usually is larger at night than during the day and larger in winter than in summer, and is most apparent when winds are weak. However, snowfalls are extremely rare: the most recent occurrence of sleet in the CBD was on 9 July 2007.
During the spring, Rosario commonly enjoys extended periods of mild weather and clear skies. On average, Rosario has an average between 23 °C (73 °F) and 10 °C (50 °F) but occasionally experiences hotter and drier summer days, with maximum temperatures above 35 °C (95 °F) when northerly winds blow dry air from Brazil. The record high temperature is 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) and the record low is -11.1 °C
, Canal 3
and Canal 5
(the latter is part of the national network Telefé
), and a relay station for the public national station, Canal 7 Argentina
. Besides, there are three cable TV networks (the national ones Cablevisión and Multicanal, and a local net, Cablehogar), which support two local channels, Canal 4 Noticias and Canal 6.
There are four AM
radio stations: three private (licensed by the state) ones, LT3 Radio 2 (LT2), and LT8, and one public, Radio Nacional Rosario, property of the national state. Among the multitude (above 200) of FM
stations some notable ones are FM Vida, Estación del Siglo, FM Del Rosario, Cristal FM, Radio Hollywood, Fisherton-CNN, Continental Rosario, Radio 10 Rosario, Radiofónica, Clásica Rosario, etc.
The city has three notable newspapers: La Capital
(Argentina's oldest newspaper, founded in 1867, and still published today), Rosario/12
(founded in 1991), and El Ciudadano & la Región (founded in 1999).
Rosario is located at the center of Argentina's optical fiber
ring. The main data transport companies offer all their services in the city, from public phones to mobile networks and broadband Internet access
through DSL
, cable modem
and Wi-Fi
, and including public Internet navigation centers (cybercafes
).
About 96% of homes have a domestic telephone
line, giving a total of 472,170 lines; cell phone usage has also become pervasive, as happened in Argentina as a whole since the beginning of the 21st century, reaching over 86% of the residents (866,000 mobile lines in July 2004). This demand, boosted by low prices and sale promotions, and coupled with restrictions on the installation of antennas and alleged lack of investment by the providers, sometimes degrades the quality of the service. Most notably, the mobile network collapsed almost completely in the celebrations of Christmas
, New Year's Day
and Friend's Day
in 2004 and 2005.
around the world. Sisterhood agreements are intended to foster solidarity and collaboration between cities and regions that share historical links or common characteristics.
Santa Cruz de la Sierra
, Bolivia Alessandria
, Italy Asunción
, Paraguay Bilbao
, Spain Caracas
, Venezuela Dakar
, Senegal Haifa
, Israel Imperia, Italy Manizales
, Colombia Montevideo
, Uruguay Zahlé
, Lebanon Monterrey
, Mexico Piraeus
, Greece Pisco
, Peru Porto Alegre
, Brazil Shanghai
, People's Republic of China Toulouse
, France
On July 25, 2006, Rosario offered a charter of sistership to Split
, Croatia
.
Provinces of Argentina
Argentina is subdivided into twenty-three provinces and one autonomous city...
of Santa Fe
Santa Fe Province
The Invincible Province of Santa Fe, in Spanish Provincia Invencible de Santa Fe , is a province of Argentina, located in the center-east of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise Chaco , Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and Santiago del Estero...
, Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
. It is located 300 km (186.4 mi) northwest of Buenos Aires, on the western shore of the Paraná River
Paraná River
The Paraná River is a river in south Central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina for some . It is second in length only to the Amazon River among South American rivers. The name Paraná is an abbreviation of the phrase "para rehe onáva", which comes from the Tupi language...
and has 1,159,004 residents as of the .
It is the third largest city in Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
by its population with a growing and important metropolitan area
Metropolitan area
The term metropolitan area refers to a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories, sharing industry, infrastructure, and housing. A metropolitan area usually encompasses multiple jurisdictions and municipalities: neighborhoods, townships,...
. One of its main attractions includes the neoclassical architecture
Neoclassical architecture
Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century, manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament, and in its architectural formulas as an outgrowth of some classicizing...
that has been retained over the centuries in hundreds of residences, houses and public buildings.
Rosario is the head city of the Rosario Department
Rosario Department
The Rosario Department is an administrative subdivision of the . It is located on the south of the province, with its eastern border coinciding with the provincial border along the Paraná River. It has an area of 1,890 km² and a population of 1.3 million, with a population density of about 700...
and is located at the heart of the most important industrial corridor
Industry
Industry refers to the production of an economic good or service within an economy.-Industrial sectors:There are four key industrial economic sectors: the primary sector, largely raw material extraction industries such as mining and farming; the secondary sector, involving refining, construction,...
in Argentina.
The city is a major railroad
Rail transport
Rail transport is a means of conveyance of passengers and goods by way of wheeled vehicles running on rail tracks. In contrast to road transport, where vehicles merely run on a prepared surface, rail vehicles are also directionally guided by the tracks they run on...
terminal and the shipping center for northeastern Argentina. Ships reach the city via the Paraná River, which allows the existence of a 34 feet (10.4 m) deep port
Port
A port is a location on a coast or shore containing one or more harbors where ships can dock and transfer people or cargo to or from land....
. The Port of Rosario
Port of Rosario
The Port of Rosario is an inland port and a major goods-shipping center of Argentina, located in the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, on the right-hand shore of the Paraná River, about 550 km upstream from the Atlantic Ocean.-Overview:...
is subject to silt
Silt
Silt is granular material of a size somewhere between sand and clay whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar. Silt may occur as a soil or as suspended sediment in a surface water body...
ing and must be dredge
Dredge
Dredging is an excavation activity or operation usually carried out at least partly underwater, in shallow seas or fresh water areas with the purpose of gathering up bottom sediments and disposing of them at a different location...
d periodically. Export
Export
The term export is derived from the conceptual meaning as to ship the goods and services out of the port of a country. The seller of such goods and services is referred to as an "exporter" who is based in the country of export whereas the overseas based buyer is referred to as an "importer"...
s include wheat
Wheat
Wheat is a cereal grain, originally from the Levant region of the Near East, but now cultivated worldwide. In 2007 world production of wheat was 607 million tons, making it the third most-produced cereal after maize and rice...
, flour
Flour
Flour is a powder which is made by grinding cereal grains, other seeds or roots . It is the main ingredient of bread, which is a staple food for many cultures, making the availability of adequate supplies of flour a major economic and political issue at various times throughout history...
, hay
Hay
Hay is grass, legumes or other herbaceous plants that have been cut, dried, and stored for use as animal fodder, particularly for grazing livestock such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep. Hay is also fed to pets such as rabbits and guinea pigs...
, linseed and other vegetable oils, corn
Maize
Maize known in many English-speaking countries as corn or mielie/mealie, is a grain domesticated by indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica in prehistoric times. The leafy stalk produces ears which contain seeds called kernels. Though technically a grain, maize kernels are used in cooking as a vegetable...
, sugar
Sugar
Sugar is a class of edible crystalline carbohydrates, mainly sucrose, lactose, and fructose, characterized by a sweet flavor.Sucrose in its refined form primarily comes from sugar cane and sugar beet...
, lumber
Lumber
Lumber or timber is wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural material for construction, or wood pulp for paper production....
, meat
Meat
Meat is animal flesh that is used as food. Most often, this means the skeletal muscle and associated fat and other tissues, but it may also describe other edible tissues such as organs and offal...
s, hides
Hides
A hide is an animal skin treated for human use. Hides include leather from cattle and other livestock animals, alligator skins, snake skins for shoes and fashion accessories and furs from wild cats, mink and bears. In some areas, leather is produced on a domestic or small industrial scale, but most...
, and wool
Wool
Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and certain other animals, including cashmere from goats, mohair from goats, qiviut from muskoxen, vicuña, alpaca, camel from animals in the camel family, and angora from rabbits....
. Manufactures include flour, sugar, meat products, and other foodstuffs. The Rosario-Victoria Bridge
Rosario-Victoria Bridge
Rosario-Victoria Bridge is the informal name of the physical connection between the Argentine cities of Rosario and Victoria ....
, opened in 2004, spans the Paraná River, connecting Rosario with the city of Victoria
Victoria, Entre Ríos
Victoria is a city in the southwest of the province of Entre Ríos, Argentina. It is located on the eastern shore of the Paraná River, opposite Rosario, Santa Fe, to which it is connected since 2003 by the Rosario-Victoria Bridge .The site of a 1750 defeat of a native uprising and an 1810 oratory to...
across the Paraná Delta
Paraná Delta
The Paraná Delta is the delta of the Paraná River in Argentina. The Paraná flows north–south and becomes an alluvial basin between the Argentine provinces of Entre Ríos and Santa Fe, then emptying into the Río de la Plata....
. Because it plays a critical role in agricultural commerce, the city finds itself at the center of a continuing debate over taxes levied on big-ticket agricultural goods such as soy.
Along with Paraná
Paraná, Entre Ríos
Paraná is the capital city of the Argentine province of Entre Ríos, located on the eastern shore of the Paraná River, opposite the city of Santa Fe, capital of the neighbouring Santa Fe Province...
, Rosario is one of the few Argentine cities that cannot point to a particular individual as its founder. The city's patron is the Virgin of the Rosary whose feast day is on October 7. The asteroid 14812 Rosario
14812 Rosario
14812 Rosario is a main belt asteroid with an orbital period of 1397.5992428 days . The asteroid was discovered on May 9, 1981.It is named after the Argentinian city of Rosario.-References:...
was named in its honour.
Early Settlement
Stream
A stream is a body of water with a current, confined within a bed and stream banks. Depending on its locale or certain characteristics, a stream may be referred to as a branch, brook, beck, burn, creek, "crick", gill , kill, lick, rill, river, syke, bayou, rivulet, streamage, wash, run or...
s", a reference to the several small rivers that traverse the southern region of Santa Fe, like the Ludueña Stream
Ludueña Stream
The Ludueña Stream is a small river in the , which starts near the city of Rosario and flows through it, mostly east-southwards, ending in the Paraná River in the neighbourhood commonly known as Arroyito, near Rosario Central's football stadium.The Ludueña drains an area which includes Rosario...
, the Saladillo Stream
Saladillo Stream
The Saladillo Stream is a small tributary of the Paraná River, that discharges into it between the cities of Rosario and Villa Gobernador Gálvez, in the...
and others, emptying into the Paraná River. In 1689, captain Luis Romero de Pineda received part of the lands of the Pago de los Arroyos by royal decree, as payment for services to the Spanish Crown. Before that, the area was originally inhabited by Calchaquí
Calchaquí
The Calchaquí were a tribe of South American Indians of the Diaguita group, now extinct, who formerly occupied northern Argentina. Stone and other remains prove them to have reached a high degree of civilization...
tribes in reducciones
Indian Reductions
Reductions were settlements founded by the Spanish colonizers of the New World with the purpose of assimilating indigenous populations into European culture and religion.Already since the beginning of the Spanish presence in the Americas, the Crown had been concerned...
, a kind of mission
Mission (Christian)
Christian missionary activities often involve sending individuals and groups , to foreign countries and to places in their own homeland. This has frequently involved not only evangelization , but also humanitarian work, especially among the poor and disadvantaged...
s founded by Franciscan
Franciscan
Most Franciscans are members of Roman Catholic religious orders founded by Saint Francis of Assisi. Besides Roman Catholic communities, there are also Old Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, ecumenical and Non-denominational Franciscan communities....
s. These missions were ultimately attacked and destroyed by hostile tribes of the Chaco
Gran Chaco
The Gran Chaco is a sparsely populated, hot and semi-arid lowland region of the Río de la Plata basin, divided among eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, northern Argentina and a portion of the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, where it is connected with the Pantanal region...
.
Romero de Pineda established the first permanent settlement, an estancia — intended as farmland, not as a town. In 1719 the Jesuits
Society of Jesus
The Society of Jesus is a Catholic male religious order that follows the teachings of the Catholic Church. The members are called Jesuits, and are also known colloquially as "God's Army" and as "The Company," these being references to founder Ignatius of Loyola's military background and a...
bought another part and established Estancia San Miguel. The area was still so scarcely populated that it had no central authority; it was ruled from the provincial capital (Santa Fe
Santa Fe, Argentina
Santa Fe is the capital city of province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It sits in northeastern Argentina, near the junction of the Paraná and Salado rivers. It lies opposite the city of Paraná, to which it is linked by the Hernandarias Subfluvial Tunnel. The city is also connected by canal with the...
), and in turn from Buenos Aires.
In 1724 another colonial settlement was initiated by Santiago de Montenegro, who set up a mill, drew plans for the future town, built a chapel
Chapel
A chapel is a building used by Christians as a place of fellowship and worship. It may be part of a larger structure or complex, such as a church, college, hospital, palace, prison or funeral home, located on board a military or commercial ship, or it may be an entirely free-standing building,...
, and was appointed Mayor
Mayor
In many countries, a Mayor is the highest ranking officer in the municipal government of a town or a large urban city....
in 1751. The area of control of this local government extended northward from today's Rosario; only in 1784 was it divided into two smaller jurisdictions.
On February 27, 1812, General Manuel Belgrano
Manuel Belgrano
Manuel José Joaquín del Corazón de Jesús Belgrano , usually referred to as Manuel Belgrano, was an Argentine economist, lawyer, politician, and military leader. He took part in the Argentine Wars of Independence and created the Flag of Argentina...
raised the newly created Argentine flag
Flag of Argentina
The national flag of Argentina is a triband, composed of three equally wide horizontal bands coloured light blue, white and light blue. There are multiple interpretations on the reasons for those colors...
on the shores of the Paraná, for the first time. Because of this, Rosario is known as the "Cradle of the Argentine Flag". The National Flag Memorial
National Flag Memorial (Argentina)
The National Flag Memorial in Rosario, Argentina, is a monumental complex built near the shore of the Paraná River...
marks the occasion.
19th Century
The province of Santa Fe greatly suffered the civil war that afflicted Argentina after 1820. Demographic growth was relatively slow. During this period, Rosario was a small settlement and a stop in the way from Santa Fe City to Buenos Aires. In 1823 it was elevated to the category of "village" (Ilustre y Fiel Villa del Rosario). Charles DarwinCharles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin FRS was an English naturalist. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection.He published his theory...
travelled
The Voyage of the Beagle
The Voyage of the Beagle is a title commonly given to the book written by Charles Darwin and published in 1839 as his Journal and Remarks, bringing him considerable fame and respect...
through the area in 1832 and described Rosario as "a large town" with about 2,000 residents. In 1841 its port
Port of Rosario
The Port of Rosario is an inland port and a major goods-shipping center of Argentina, located in the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, on the right-hand shore of the Paraná River, about 550 km upstream from the Atlantic Ocean.-Overview:...
was shut off to foreign trade
International trade
International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories. In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of gross domestic product...
by a decree of the caudillo
Caudillo
Caudillo is a Spanish word for "leader" and usually describes a political-military leader at the head of an authoritarian power. The term translates into English as leader or chief, or more pejoratively as warlord, dictator or strongman. Caudillo was the term used to refer to the charismatic...
and Governor of Buenos Aires, Juan Manuel de Rosas
Juan Manuel de Rosas
Juan Manuel de Rosas , was an argentine militar and politician, who was elected governor of the province of Buenos Aires in 1829 to 1835, and then of the Argentine Confederation from 1835 until 1852...
which banned navigation of the Paraná and the Paraguay
Paraguay River
The Paraguay River is a major river in south central South America, running through Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina...
rivers to non-Argentine vessels.
Justo José de Urquiza
Justo José de Urquiza y García was an Argentine general and politician. He was president of the Argentine Confederation from 1854 to 1860.He was governor of Entre Ríos during the government of Juan Manuel de Rosas, governor of Buenos Aires with powers delegated from the other provinces...
. As a reward for their participation in the Battle of Caseros
Battle of Caseros
The Battle of Caseros was fought near the town of Caseros, more precisely between the present-day train stations of Caseros and Palomar in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, on 3 February 1852, between the Army of Buenos Aires commanded by Juan Manuel de Rosas...
, triumphant Urquiza wrote to the governor of Santa Fe on 9 June 1852 asking for Rosario to be granted city status. Governor Domingo Crespo
Domingo Crespo
Domingo Crespo was an Argentine politician who was governor of the province of Santa Fe from 1851 to 1854.Crespo was a landowner born in Santa Fe City. In 1851 he supported the movement of the Federales led by the caudillo Justo José de Urquiza against the supremacy of Buenos Aires governor Juan...
justified the request at the provincial legislative body, marking the geographically strategic position of the town for national and international trade, and on 5 August Rosario was formally declared a city.
Urquiza opened up the river for free international trade. The city's economy and population expanded at an accelerated rate. By 1880, Rosario had become the first export outlet of Argentina
Foreign trade of Argentina
-Modern history:Agriculturally productive and thinly populated, Argentina recorded trade surpluses for most of the period between 1900 and 1948, including a cumulative US$1 billion during World War I and US$1.7 billion during World War II. Record taxes on grain exports imposed by the...
. By 1887 it had about 50,000 inhabitants, of which 40% were immigrants, who brought new ideas from Europe and started turning Rosario into a politically progressive city (contrasting with the more conservative
Conservatism
Conservatism is a political and social philosophy that promotes the maintenance of traditional institutions and supports, at the most, minimal and gradual change in society. Some conservatives seek to preserve things as they are, emphasizing stability and continuity, while others oppose modernism...
, aristocratic Santa Fe).
Ovidio Lagos
Ovidio Lagos was an Argentine journalist, businessman and politician.Lagos was born in Buenos Aires in a country torn apart by internal strife...
, founder of the oldest Argentine newspaper, La Capital
La Capital
La Capital is a daily Spanish-language newspaper edited and published in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It was founded in 1867 , and it is the oldest Argentine newspaper still in circulation, which has gained it the title of Decano de la Prensa Argentina...
, was one of the strongest defenders of this idea (one of the main avenues in Rosario
Ovidio Lagos Avenue
Ovidio Lagos Avenue is a street in Rosario, Santa Fe Province, Argentina. It is a one-way avenue that runs north–south through the center of the city, from the coastal Avenida del Valle by the Paraná River to the southern limit of the urbanized area.Ovidio Lagos is the main street in Barrio...
now carries his name). Rosario was indeed declared the federal capital in three occasions, but each time the law received a veto of the Executive Branch (once by Bartolomé Mitre
Bartolomé Mitre
Bartolomé Mitre Martínez was an Argentine statesman, military figure, and author. He was the President of Argentina from 1862 to 1868.-Life and times:...
and twice by Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
Domingo Faustino Sarmiento was an Argentine activist, intellectual, writer, statesman and the seventh President of Argentina. His writing spanned a wide range of genres and topics, from journalism to autobiography, to political philosophy and history...
). In the last 15 years of the 19th century, the city more than doubled its population, in part due to immigration. In 1911 the French-owned railway company Ferrocarril Rosario y Puerto Belgrano
Ferrocarril Rosario y Puerto Belgrano
The Ferrocarril Rosario y Puerto Belgrano was a French-owned railway company which operated a broad gauge, , single track line between the cities of Rosario and Puerto Belgrano in Argentina...
opened a line between Rosario and Argentina's main naval base in Puerto Belgrano
Puerto Belgrano
Base Naval Puerto Belgrano is the largest naval base of the Argentine Navy, situated next to Punta Alta, near Bahía Blanca, about south of Buenos Aires...
. By 1926, Rosario had 407,000 inhabitants, 47% of them foreign, many coming from Europe in the wake of World War I.
Contemporary History
In 1946 Rosario massively supported Juan PerónJuan Perón
Juan Domingo Perón was an Argentine military officer, and politician. Perón was three times elected as President of Argentina though he only managed to serve one full term, after serving in several government positions, including the Secretary of Labor and the Vice Presidency...
's rise to power. The city received the benefits of the nationalization
Nationalization
Nationalisation, also spelled nationalization, is the process of taking an industry or assets into government ownership by a national government or state. Nationalization usually refers to private assets, but may also mean assets owned by lower levels of government, such as municipalities, being...
and subsidizing
Subsidy
A subsidy is an assistance paid to a business or economic sector. Most subsidies are made by the government to producers or distributors in an industry to prevent the decline of that industry or an increase in the prices of its products or simply to encourage it to hire more labor A subsidy (also...
of many industries. Perón was deposed
Revolución Libertadora
The Revolución Libertadora was a military uprising that ended the second presidential term of Juan Perón in Argentina, on September 16, 1955.-History:...
in 1955. In 1969 workers and students took the streets to protest against the dictatorship (Rosariazo
Rosariazo
The Rosariazo was a protest movement that consisted in demonstrations and strikes, in Rosario, , between May and September 1969, during the military dictatorial rule of de facto President General Juan Carlos Onganía...
). During the dictatorship
National Reorganization Process
The National Reorganization Process was the name used by its leaders for the military government that ruled Argentina from 1976 to 1983. In Argentina it is often known simply as la última junta militar or la última dictadura , because several of them existed throughout its history.The Argentine...
started in 1976, hundreds of citizens were "disappeared
Forced disappearance
In international human rights law, a forced disappearance occurs when a person is secretly abducted or imprisoned by a state or political organization or by a third party with the authorization, support, or acquiescence of a state or political organization, followed by a refusal to acknowledge the...
" by the government.
In 1983 Argentina returned to democratic rule but hyperinflation
Hyperinflation
In economics, hyperinflation is inflation that is very high or out of control. While the real values of the specific economic items generally stay the same in terms of relatively stable foreign currencies, in hyperinflationary conditions the general price level within a specific economy increases...
caused the economic collapse of the country in 1989. In Rosario there were riots
1989 riots in Argentina
The 1989 food riots were a series of riots and related episodes of looting in stores and supermarkets in Argentina, during the last part of the presidency of Raúl Alfonsín, between May and June 1989...
with episodes of looting
Looting
Looting —also referred to as sacking, plundering, despoiling, despoliation, and pillaging—is the indiscriminate taking of goods by force as part of a military or political victory, or during a catastrophe, such as during war, natural disaster, or rioting...
. Under the Menem
Carlos Menem
Carlos Saúl Menem is an Argentine politician who was President of Argentina from 1989 to 1999. He is currently an Argentine National Senator for La Rioja Province.-Early life:...
administration the situation became worse as the industrial sector of the city was dismantled by foreign competition and agricultural exports stagnated. In 1995 unemployment
Unemployment
Unemployment , as defined by the International Labour Organization, occurs when people are without jobs and they have actively sought work within the past four weeks...
in the area reached 21.1%, and a large part of Rosario's population fell below the poverty line.
Since the recovery of the national economy
Economy of Argentina
This article provides an overview of the Economic history of Argentina.-Emergence into the world economy:Prior to the 1880s, Argentina was a relatively isolated backwater, dependent on the wool, leather and hide industry for both the greater part of its foreign exchange and the generation of...
that followed the 2001 collapse, Rosario's economic situation has improved. The boom in agricultural exports has caused a large increase in consumer spending and investment. Mayor Miguel Lifschitz
Miguel Lifschitz
Roberto Miguel Lifschitz , is the current mayor of the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina.He obtained his degree at the Engineering Faculty of the National University of Rosario in 1979, and worked in the private sector until 1989, when he became Director-General of the Public Housing...
's administration is taking advantage of the economic boom to invest heavily in public works
Public works
Public works are a broad category of projects, financed and constructed by the government, for recreational, employment, and health and safety uses in the greater community...
, as well as in public health (which takes up about a quarter of the whole budget
Budget
A budget is a financial plan and a list of all planned expenses and revenues. It is a plan for saving, borrowing and spending. A budget is an important concept in microeconomics, which uses a budget line to illustrate the trade-offs between two or more goods...
).
Government
Mayor
In many countries, a Mayor is the highest ranking officer in the municipal government of a town or a large urban city....
(seat: Palacio de los Leones
Palacio de los Leones
Palacio de los Leones is the name of the main municipal building of the city of Rosario, Argentina. The Palace is the seat of the executive branch of the municipal government...
), and a Legislative Branch, consisting of a Deliberative Council (seat: Palacio Vassallo
Palacio Vassallo
Palacio Vasallo is the seat of the Legislative Branch of the municipal government of Rosario, . The building, designed by Alejo Infante and completed in 1911, is located near the National Flag Memorial, and has been the site of Rosario's Deliberative Council since May 18, 1951. It was donated to...
). The Mayor is elected for a four-year term and the Council renews half of its 21 members every two years.
Municipal Centre District (CMD)
Since 1997, a municipal program of descentralization of legislative activities was carried out, materialized in 6 Municipal Centres of District (Centre, North, South, West, Northwest and Southwest).The city is divided into six large administrative districts
Districts of Rosario
The districts of the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina are administrative divisions created to decentralise the workings of the municipal government....
(Center, North, Northwest, West, Southwest, and South), with Municipal District Centers that provide services to the population.
Local people and institutions have been pushing the provincial government to grant Rosario the status of Autonomous City. Some, with the sponsorship of the governors of Santa Fe, Entre Ríos and Córdoba as well as other important politicians, have put forward a legislative project to move the National Congress
Argentine National Congress
The Congress of the Argentine Nation is the legislative branch of the government of Argentina. Its composition is bicameral, constituted by a 72-seat Senate and a 257-seat Chamber of Deputies....
to Rosario, to decentralise
Décentralisation
Décentralisation is a french word for both a policy concept in French politics from 1968-1990, and a term employed to describe the results of observations of the evolution of spatial economic and institutional organization of France....
the national government.
Since the return to democracy in 1983, the Mayors of Rosario were Horacio Usandizaga
Horacio Usandizaga
Horacio Daniel Usandizaga , also known informally as El Vasco, is an Argentine politician.Usandizaga studied to become a lawyer and entered political activity as a member of the Radical Civic Union in 1961. He was first a councillor and then Mayor of Rosario from 11 December 1983 to 10 December 1987...
, Héctor Cavallero
Héctor Cavallero
Héctor Cavallero , nicknamed El Tigre, "The Tiger", is an Argentine politician, who was mayor of Rosario and a member of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies for the province of Santa Fe ....
, Hermes Binner
Hermes Binner
Hermes Juan Binner is an Argentine medical doctor and a politician. He was elected Governor of Santa Fe in 2007. Binner is the first Socialist to become the governor of an Argentine province, and the first non-Justicialist to rule Santa Fe since 1983.Binner was previously a Deputy of the Civic and...
, and the current one, Miguel Lifschitz
Miguel Lifschitz
Roberto Miguel Lifschitz , is the current mayor of the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina.He obtained his degree at the Engineering Faculty of the National University of Rosario in 1979, and worked in the private sector until 1989, when he became Director-General of the Public Housing...
(of the Socialist Party
Socialist Party (Argentina)
The Socialist Party is a social-democratic political party in Argentina. The history of socialism in Argentina began in the 1890s, when a group of people, notably Juan B. Justo, expressed the need for a greater social focus....
, elected in 2003 and re-elected in 2007).
The city does not have a police
Police
The police is a personification of the state designated to put in practice the enforced law, protect property and reduce civil disorder in civilian matters. Their powers include the legitimized use of force...
force of its own (it is served by the provincial police), but in 2004 it led to the creation of a special patrol force of unarmed officers called Guardia Urbana Municipal ("Municipal Urban Guard") which was imitated later by Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the second-largest metropolitan area in South America, after São Paulo. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent...
in 2005.
Mónica Fein
Mónica Haydée Fein is an Argentine biochemist and Socialist Party politician elected Mayor of Rosario in 2011.-Life and times:Fein was born in Luján, Buenos Aires Province....
was elected to become the Mayor in December of 2011.
Municipal statistics
The municipality of Rosario comprises 178.69 km2, of which 117 km2 are urbanized, in 6,306 housing blocks. Of this area, 9.37 km2 (5.3%) is devoted to green spaces (parks, boulevards, plazas), which gives over 10 m2 of green space per inhabitant.Electric power is supplied to the whole urban area and running water reaches 97% of the population (about 350,000 homes). Natural gas is provided to 227,152 homes.
Since the beginning of the recovery of the national economy, the city is experiencing a real estate boom (as of 2007). In the period 2003–2006, the construction sector has added 2 million m2, investing about $900 million. Despite this increased supply, prices have increased by 10% compared to the values during the 1990s, and rents have soared by 165%.
Health
Rosario has a number of public health centers: 5 municipal hospitals (including a children's hospitalChildren's hospital
A children's hospital is a hospital which offers its services exclusively to children . The number of children's hospitals proliferated in the 20th century, as pediatric medical and surgical specialties separated from internal medicine and adult surgical specialties...
and an emergency hospital/trauma center
Trauma center
A trauma center is a hospital equipped to provide comprehensive emergency medical services to patients suffering traumatic injuries. Trauma centers grew into existence out of the realization that traumatic injury is a disease process unto itself requiring specialized and experienced...
) and a municipal outpatient-only center, plus 2 large provincial hospitals (Hospital Provincial
Hospital Provincial de Rosario
The Hospital Provincial de Rosario is a general hospital in Rosario, Argentina, which depends on the Health Ministry of the provincial state of Santa Fe...
and Hospital Centenario
Hospital Provincial del Centenario (Rosario)
The Hospital Provincial del Centenario is a general hospital in Rosario, Argentina, which depends on the Health Ministry of the provincial state of Santa Fe. It is a public hospital, managed partly by an elected council.The HPC is located about ten blocks from the center of the city, on Urquiza...
), and their associated primary care
Primary care
Primary care is the term for the health services by providers who act as the principal point of consultation for patients within a health care system...
centers in the city proper and its metropolitan area.
Economy
Rosario is the main epicentre of a metropolitan regionCity
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...
whose economy is based on the services and the industry, generating the second urban gross regional product
Gross state product
Gross state product is a measurement of the economic output of a state or province...
of Argentina, after the Greater Buenos Aires The principal manufacturing sector is the agroindustry
Industry
Industry refers to the production of an economic good or service within an economy.-Industrial sectors:There are four key industrial economic sectors: the primary sector, largely raw material extraction industries such as mining and farming; the secondary sector, involving refining, construction,...
, whose industries are placed in the northern and southern areas of the Greater Rosario
Greater Rosario
Greater Rosario is the metropolitan area of the city of Rosario, in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. This metropolis has a population of about 1.5 million , thus being Argentina's second most populated urban settlement, after Buenos Aires....
; the investments over the last decade have transformed Rosario in a major pole of processing of oil of the world Many other sectors contribute to the diversified industrial offering of the city. Rosario and its metropolitan area produce 20% of the cars, 4 % of the domestic refrigerators, 80% of the machinery for the food industry and 100% of the auto bodies for long distance buses made in Argentina.
Other important sectors include the petrochemical sector, with three plants located in the suburbs of San Lorenzo and Port San Martin; the chemistry sector, with plants for sulphuric acid, fertilizers, resins and other inputs; the cellulose industry; the meat industry; ironworks; auto parts; the plants and equipment for bottled oil; agricultural machinery; and the materials and equipments for the construction industry.
Worldwide international companies settled in Rosario include, among others, General Motors
General Motors
General Motors Company , commonly known as GM, formerly incorporated as General Motors Corporation, is an American multinational automotive corporation headquartered in Detroit, Michigan and the world's second-largest automaker in 2010...
, Cargill
Cargill
Cargill, Incorporated is a privately held, multinational corporation based in Minnetonka, Minnesota. Founded in 1865, it is now the largest privately held corporation in the United States in terms of revenue. If it were a public company, it would rank, as of 2011, number 13 on the Fortune 500,...
, Unilever
Unilever
Unilever is a British-Dutch multinational corporation that owns many of the world's consumer product brands in foods, beverages, cleaning agents and personal care products....
, John Deere
John Deere
John Deere was an American blacksmith and manufacturer who founded Deere & Company, one of the largest and leading agricultural and construction equipment manufacturers in the world...
, Petrobrás
Petrobras
Petróleo Brasileiro or Petrobras is a semi-public Brazilian multinational energy corporation headquartered in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is the largest company in Latin America by market capitalization and revenue, and the largest company headquartered in the Southern Hemisphere by market...
, ICI
Imperial Chemical Industries
Imperial Chemical Industries was a British chemical company, taken over by AkzoNobel, a Dutch conglomerate, one of the largest chemical producers in the world. In its heyday, ICI was the largest manufacturing company in the British Empire, and commonly regarded as a "bellwether of the British...
, Dow, Tenneco
Tenneco
Tenneco is a $6.2 billion Fortune 500 company that has been publicly traded on the NYSE since November 5, 1999 under the symbol TEN...
and Mahle
Mahle
Mahle may refer to:*Ernst Mahle, a Brazilian composer and orchestra conductor*Mahle GmbH, a large German industrial company automotive supplier*Mahle , a Bangladeshi ethnic group...
.
Municipal Bank of Rosario
The Municipal Bank of Rosario is a bank in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. Its central offices are located in the downtown area, on San Martín St., and there are several additional offices throughout the city...
. Its central offices are located in the financial district, on San Martín St.
San Martín Street (Rosario)
San Martín Street is an important street in Rosario, Santa Fe Province, Argentina. It runs north–south through the center of the city, from the coastal avenue by the Paraná River to the southern limit of the urbanized area...
, and there are several additional offices throughout the city. It is focused on small and medium enterprise
Small and medium enterprise
Small and medium enterprises or small and medium-sized enterprises are companies whose headcount or turnover falls below certain limits.The abbreviation "SME" occurs commonly...
s and other organizations, especially through microcredit
Microcredit
Microcredit is the extension of very small loans to those in poverty designed to spur entrepreneurship. These individuals lack collateral, steady employment and a verifiable credit history and therefore cannot meet even the most minimal qualifications to gain access to traditional credit...
s, and may be considered an "ethical bank". http://guadaloupe.org/guadalupe/content/view/16/32/
The Municipal Bank was founded in 1896 to support the financial needs of the citizens and small businesses in the highly productive region of southern Santa Fe Province, centered in Rosario. At the time, the city had around 92,000 inhabitants and was already the most important port
Port of Rosario
The Port of Rosario is an inland port and a major goods-shipping center of Argentina, located in the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, on the right-hand shore of the Paraná River, about 550 km upstream from the Atlantic Ocean.-Overview:...
on the Paraná River. The idea of creating a municipal financial institution was expressed in 1893 by mayor Floduardo Grandoli, citing the proliferation of "centers of usury
Usury
Usury Originally, when the charging of interest was still banned by Christian churches, usury simply meant the charging of interest at any rate . In countries where the charging of interest became acceptable, the term came to be used for interest above the rate allowed by law...
" that exploited those in need of credit, especially the poor (something not addressed by the profile of the Provincial Bank of Santa Fe
New Bank of Santa Fe
The New Bank of Santa Fe is a bank in Santa Fe Province, Argentina.Originally named Provincial Bank of Santa Fe, it was established as a mixed state/private bank on 5 June 1874, based on an initiative of governor Servando Bayo, justified in the need to provide credit for the blossoming productive...
, which granted loans only to demonstrably solvent persons). Acting on this, the municipal Counseling Commission passed a bill (on 1 February 1895) dictating an "Organic Charter of the Municipal Bank of Loans and Savings Accounts". The bank opened exactly one year later.
The seat of the bank was moved in 1905. Its name was changed to its present form on 14 May 1940 by a municipal bill. Its location was moved again, and for the last time so far, in 1986.
In 2006, after some political controversy, the bank was capitalized by the municipality in order to comply with new regulations dictated by the Central Bank
Banco Central de la República Argentina
-Overview:Established by six Acts of Congress enacted on May 28, 1935, the bank replaced Argentina's Currency board, which had been in operation since 1890...
, and transformed into a joint stock company
Joint stock company
A joint-stock company is a type of corporation or partnership involving two or more individuals that own shares of stock in the company...
, with only 1% of the stock belonging to the municipal state. A special clause was added, dictating that this minimum share is unchangeable, so as to prevent hypothetical attempts at privatization
Privatization
Privatization is the incidence or process of transferring ownership of a business, enterprise, agency or public service from the public sector to the private sector or to private non-profit organizations...
. http://www.lacapital.com.ar/2006/07/05/economia/noticia_307357.shtml
The Rosario Board of Trade
Rosario Board of Trade
The Rosario Board of Trade is a non-profit making association based in Rosario, in the Province of Santa Fe, Argentina. Founded on August 18, 1884, it serves as a forum for the conduct of trade negotiations in several markets including grain, oilseed, agricultural products and their by-products,...
hosts the country's largest commodity
Commodity
In economics, a commodity is the generic term for any marketable item produced to satisfy wants or needs. Economic commodities comprise goods and services....
market, dealing in cereals and oilseeds, and also the largest futures exchange
Futures exchange
A futures exchange or futures market is a central financial exchange where people can trade standardized futures contracts; that is, a contract to buy specific quantities of a commodity or financial instrument at a specified price with delivery set at a specified time in the future. These types of...
(ROFEX). The banking sector includes the state-owned Municipal Bank of Rosario
Municipal Bank of Rosario
The Municipal Bank of Rosario is a bank in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. Its central offices are located in the downtown area, on San Martín St., and there are several additional offices throughout the city...
, with branches and offices throughout the city, and the central branch of the New Bank of Santa Fe
New Bank of Santa Fe
The New Bank of Santa Fe is a bank in Santa Fe Province, Argentina.Originally named Provincial Bank of Santa Fe, it was established as a mixed state/private bank on 5 June 1874, based on an initiative of governor Servando Bayo, justified in the need to provide credit for the blossoming productive...
.
The largest technological center in Argentina – Polo Tecnológico Rosario (PTR)
Rosario Technological Center
Polo Tecnológico Rosario or Rosario Technological Center was founded in 2000, located in Rosario, Argentina. It is composed of provincial and municipal levels, the two universities in the province of Santa Fe and more than 70 private companies...
– is located in Rosario within La Siberia
La Siberia
La Siberia is a comarca in the northeastern portion of the province of Badajoz in the autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain. Its capital is the municipality of Herrera del Duque. The comarca is bordered on the north by the provinces of Cáceres and Toledo, on the west by Las Vegas Altas...
site. The center focus mainly on research and development of the three following areas: biotechnology, software development and telecommunications. It currently employs 3,500 people and it is expected to grow 100% by 2015 to become one of the largest in Latin America.
Culture
Rosario has many cultural activities in many artistic disciplines with national and international reach. The city has produced important personalities in the fields of music, painting, philosophy, politics, poetry, literature, medicine, and law.Important theaters are El Círculo, Sala Lavardén
Sala Lavardén
The Sala Lavardén is an important theater in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It is formally called Teatro Provincial Manuel José de Lavardén and is part of the culture center of the same name, in turn administered by the provincial state.At present the theater has a capacity for 400...
, Broadway
Theatre
Theatre is a collaborative form of fine art that uses live performers to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place. The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of gesture, speech, song, music or dance...
, Astengo Auditorium, La Comedia, etc. The cultural complex known as "Puerto de la Musica" -designed by the modernist architect Oscar Niemeyer
Oscar Niemeyer
Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho is a Brazilian architect specializing in international modern architecture...
- is to be built along the banks of the Paraná River. It will be one of the biggest centers for musical performance in Latin America and is scheduled to be completed by the year 2012.
The city has several museum
Museum
A museum is an institution that cares for a collection of artifacts and other objects of scientific, artistic, cultural, or historical importance and makes them available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary. Most large museums are located in major cities...
s including: Juan B. Castagnino Fine Arts Museum
Juan B. Castagnino Fine Arts Museum
The Juan B. Castagnino Fine Arts Museum is an art museum in the city of Rosario, , considered the most important of the interior of the country and the second in national terms. It is administered by the municipal government...
, Firma y Odilo Estévez Municipal Decorative Art Museum
Firma y Odilo Estévez Municipal Decorative Art Museum
Firma y Odilo Estévez Municipal Decorative Art Museum is the former home of the Estévez family in Rosario, Argentina, which was donated to the Municipality of Rosario and turned into a museum....
, Dr. Julio Marc Provincial Historical Museum
Dr. Julio Marc Provincial Historical Museum
The Dr. Julio Marc Provincial Historical Museum is a museum in Rosario, Argentina...
, City Museum
Municipal Museum of the City (Rosario)
The Museum of the City is a museum in Rosario, Argentina. It is located on 2300 Oroño Boulevard, on a corner of the Parque de la Independencia, and administered by the municipal government of the city...
, and Museum of Contemporary Art of Rosario
Museum of Contemporary Art of Rosario
The Museum of Contemporary Art of Rosario is an annex to the Juan B. Castagnino Fine Arts Museum that is devoted to contemporary art, located in the city of Rosario, ....
(MACRo). The Dr. Ángel Gallardo Provincial Natural Sciences Museum
Dr. Ángel Gallardo Provincial Natural Sciences Museum
The Dr. Ángel Gallardo Provincial Natural Sciences Museum is a public museum in Rosario, Argentina, specialized in biology...
was rebuilt after a fire in 2003 and re-opened at a new location in 2006. There are plans to move the National Oriental Art Museum
Museum
A museum is an institution that cares for a collection of artifacts and other objects of scientific, artistic, cultural, or historical importance and makes them available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary. Most large museums are located in major cities...
, which currently shares a building with the National Decorative Art Museum in Buenos Aires, to Rosario.
Rosario has a public astronomy complex, located in Urquiza Park, which consists of an observatory
Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geology, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed...
(inaugurated in 1970) and a planetarium
Planetarium
A planetarium is a theatre built primarily for presenting educational and entertaining shows about astronomy and the night sky, or for training in celestial navigation...
(1984).
The Fundación Italia
Fundación Italia
The Fundación Italia is a cultural institution from Rosario, Argentina. It was created in 1985 to "promote arts, science and technique", by people who boast a "cultural bond with Italy"...
is a cultural institution whose importance has been growing since its creation in 1985. Created by people who boast a "cultural bond with Italy" it has organized a Neapolitan
Music of Naples
Naples has played an important and vibrant role over the centuries not just in the music of Italy, but in the general history of western European musical traditions. This influence extends from the early music conservatories in the 16th century through the music of Alessandro Scarlatti during the...
music concert, a performance of Madame Butterfly and numerous talks about the present and future of Argentina. Among the people invited to give these talks were economists Domingo Cavallo
Domingo Cavallo
Domingo Felipe "Mingo" Cavallo is an Argentine economist and politician. He has a long history of public service and is known for implementing the Convertibilidad plan, which fixed the dollar-peso exchange rate at 1:1 between 1991 and 2001, which brought the Argentine inflation rate down from over...
and Alfonso Prat Gay
Alfonso Prat Gay
Alfonso Prat Gay is an Argentine economist and politician. He was President of the Central Bank of Argentina from December 2002 to September 2004, and was elected Congressman for the Civic Coalition in the 2009 elections.-Career:...
, renowned scholars Beatriz Sarlo
Beatriz Sarlo
Beatriz Sarlo is an Argentine literary and cultural critic. She was also founding editor of the cultural journal Punto de Vista ....
and Silvia Bleichmar
Economist
An economist is a professional in the social science discipline of economics. The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy...
, journalists Alejandro Rozitchner
Alejandro Rozitchner
Alejandro Rozitchner is an Argentine philosopher and writer. “Artist of the ideas” or “intellectual nutritionist” are some of the names with which he describes his work...
and Jorge Asís
Journalist
A journalist collects and distributes news and other information. A journalist's work is referred to as journalism.A reporter is a type of journalist who researchs, writes, and reports on information to be presented in mass media, including print media , electronic media , and digital media A...
, filmmaker Fernando Solanas
Fernando Solanas
Fernando Ezequiel 'Pino' Solanas is an Argentine film director, screenwriter and politician....
and the former presidents of Chile -Ricardo Lagos
Ricardo Lagos
Ricardo Froilán Lagos Escobar is a lawyer, economist and social democrat politician, who served as president of Chile from 2000 to 2006. He won the 1999-2000 presidential election by a narrow margin in a runoff over Independent Democrat Union candidate Joaquín Lavín...
-, Argentina -Eduardo Duhalde
Eduardo Duhalde
-External links:...
-, and Uruguay -Luis Alberto Lacalle Herrera. As this list of invited politicians and thinkers suggests, this organization promotes cultural activities aligned with the right-wing political parties and the interests of national corporations that fiercely oppose the governments of Nestor and Cristina Kirchner. Domingo Cavallo, for instance, was the minister of Finance in Argentina during the presidency of Carlos Menem and the intellectual author of the infamous "convertibilidad", an economic policy that arguably led Argentina to the political and financial collapse of 2001.
Cultural centers
- Centro Cultural Bernardino Rivadavia
- Centro Popular de la MemoriaCentro Popular de la MemoriaThe Centro Popular de la Memoria is a former illegal detention center in Rosario, . It was used by the provincial police between 1976 and 1979, during the Dirty War, to hold people with no formal charges and torture them, under the pretense of fighting radical left-wing political subversion and...
- Centro Cultural Islas Malvinas
- Centro Cultural Estación Provincial
- Grupo Pasajes
- Centro de Cultura & Comunicación
- Centro Cultural El Núcleo
- Centro Cultural Los Hornos
Theaters
- Teatro El Círculo
- Teatro La Comedia
- Teatro Auditorio Fundación
- Teatro Sala LavardénSala LavardénThe Sala Lavardén is an important theater in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It is formally called Teatro Provincial Manuel José de Lavardén and is part of the culture center of the same name, in turn administered by the provincial state.At present the theater has a capacity for 400...
- Teatro Puerto de la Música
- Teatro Municipal Coliseo Podestá
- Anfiteatro Martín Fierro
- Teatro La Nonna
- Teatro La Hermandad del Princesa
- Sala 420
- Taller de Teatro de la UNLP
- Complejo "El Teatro"
- Teatro "La Lechuza"
Museums
- Dr. Julio Marc Provincial Historical MuseumDr. Julio Marc Provincial Historical MuseumThe Dr. Julio Marc Provincial Historical Museum is a museum in Rosario, Argentina...
- Dr. Ángel Gallardo Provincial Natural Sciences MuseumDr. Ángel Gallardo Provincial Natural Sciences MuseumThe Dr. Ángel Gallardo Provincial Natural Sciences Museum is a public museum in Rosario, Argentina, specialized in biology...
- Firma y Odilo Estévez Municipal Decorative Art MuseumFirma y Odilo Estévez Municipal Decorative Art MuseumFirma y Odilo Estévez Municipal Decorative Art Museum is the former home of the Estévez family in Rosario, Argentina, which was donated to the Municipality of Rosario and turned into a museum....
- Juan B. Castagnino Fine Arts MuseumJuan B. Castagnino Fine Arts MuseumThe Juan B. Castagnino Fine Arts Museum is an art museum in the city of Rosario, , considered the most important of the interior of the country and the second in national terms. It is administered by the municipal government...
- Museo de Arte "Fra. Angélico"
- Municipal Museum of the CityMunicipal Museum of the City (Rosario)The Museum of the City is a museum in Rosario, Argentina. It is located on 2300 Oroño Boulevard, on a corner of the Parque de la Independencia, and administered by the municipal government of the city...
- Museo Provincial de Bellas Artes
- Museo Municipal de Bellas Artes
- Museo de Arte "Fra. Angélico"
- Colección Dr. Emilio Azzarini
- Museo Histórico del Fuerte de la Ensenada de Barragán
- Museo y Archivo Dardo Rocha
- Museo Almafuerte
- Museo del Teatro Argentino
- Museo "José Juan Podestá"
- Museo de la Catedral
- Museo Internacional de Muñecos
- Museo del Automóvil – Colección Rau
- Museo del Tango Platense
- Museo Policial "Inspector Mayor Vesiroglos"
- Museo Histórico "Contralmirante Chalier" – Escuela Naval de Río Santiago
- Museo Histórico Militar "Tte. Julio A. Roca"
Cinemas
- Cinema San Martín
- Cinema 8
- Cinema City
- Cinema Paradiso
- Cinema Rocha
- Cine Select
- Espacio INCAAINCAAThe National Institute of Cinema and Audiovisual Arts is an Argentine government film production company in Buenos Aires. It promotes the Argentine film industry by funding qualified Argentine film production companies.-Ratings:...
km. 60
Racecourse
Independence Hippodrome opened on December 8 of 1901, when the first ride meeting was held.The Hippodrome was located in the heart of the Parque de la Independencia and occupied a prominent place in the city's social scene. In 1919 construction began of the Popular Opinion. La Tribuna rises Partners in 1928. Moreover, it had begun the construction of a new box office. In 1941, he demolished the Tribune Paddock (formerly Partners Tribune). The final podium of Professional construidaes, begun in 1972. Independence Hippodrome was the initiator in Argentina night time racing, with lighting facilities for this purpose.
The Tracks
The racecourse features three tracks that are used for entertainment, vacation and skills.- The Main Track: has 1794 meters of sand. This track is enabled on Monday, Wednesday and Friday for tests, and where the events Sunday competitions.
- Assistant Track 1: 1650 meters with sand. Sehabilita on Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays and Sundays inclusive for the tournaments and some special courses such as race trot.
- Assistant Track 2: counts on 1450 meters of land. It is used to jog and tame.
The Tribunes
- Ex-Tribune Partners: with a privileged view of the oval track and focused, this building, equity has a covered area of 1300 m2 and three levels, the second is a restaurant with a capacity for 150 people.
- Professional-Tribune, has a covered area of 300 m2. On the ground floor is the technical area and the Commissariat sector. Currently serving food.
- Paddock-Tribune, has covered area of 900 m2. Has a gambling parlor and a VIP room with buffet area for the fans. You can find the office of the Administration and the boxes for journalists.
Libraries
- Biblioteca Central General José de San Martín
- Biblioteca Municipal Francisco López Merino
- Biblioteca de la Legislatura de la Provincia
National Flag Memorial
The National Flag Memorial in Rosario, Argentina, is a monumental complex built near the banks of the Paraná River. It was inaugurated on June 20, 1957, the anniversary of the death of Manuel Belgrano, creator of the Argentine flag, who raised it for the first time in an island on the opposite shore of the river on February 27, 1812.
The complex has a total area of about 10,000 square metres, and was constructed using stone primarily sourced in the Andes, under the direction of architects Ángel Guido and Alejandro Bustillo, and the sculptors José Fioravanti, Alfredo Bigatti and Eduardo Barnes.
The Memorial (Monumento) has three parts: the Tower (Torre) or mast, with 70 metres high, which commemorates the Revolution of May 1810 and houses Manuel Belgrano's crypt in its base; the Civic Courtyard (Patio Cívico), which symbolizes the effort of the organization of the state (the Courtyard is used for massive open-air shows), and the Triumphal Propylaeum (Propileo Triunfal), representing the Nation as organized after the 1853 Constitution. Under the Propylaeum there is the Honour Room for the Flags of America (where the flags of all American nations are displayed).
The complex faces Belgrano Avenue, and is delimited by Córdoba St. and Santa Fe St., which slopes down towards the river at this point. The Propylaeum can be accessed from the pedestrian passage called Pasaje Juramento ("Oath Passage"), which starts at Buenos Aires St. between the municipal building (Palacio de los Leones) and the Cathedral, in front of Plaza 25 de Mayo (May 25 Square). The passage is flanked by statues by famous sculptor Lola Mora.
The Memorial and the National Flag Park located in front of it are the seat of the main celebrations of Flag Day on June 20. The 50th anniversary of the inauguration of the complex, in 2007, was marked by a special celebration and by the unveiling of a new lighting system.
El Puerto de la Música will be a theater with a total capacity of 30,000 people located by the Paraná River. Architect Oscar Niemeyer
Oscar Niemeyer
Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho is a Brazilian architect specializing in international modern architecture...
thought the concept by expanding the show from inside the theater to a much larger outside audience. The concrete curvilinear shape building with an area of 215278 sq ft (20,000 m²) is the first design of Oscar Niemeyer in Argentina. The project will be a distinctive part of Rosario's skyline. Construction will begin at the end of 2010 and is expected to be completed by 2014.
Planetarium
Loacated in park Urquiza, Rosario's Astronomic municipal Complex is one of the principal astronomic centers of the region.The planetarium has a core team, together with its secondary elements, provide an artificial image of the sky, through projections made on a fixed hemispherical dome that functions as a display.
The assembly is installed in the Room "Oscar Claudio Caprile", located in the heart of the magnificent building that is shaped like a comet.
For its technical characteristics in terms of size, quality of sound and image and interior comfort, this room is considered among the best in the world.
The building in the shape of comet forms a part of the complex that includes the "Prof. Victor Capolongo" observatory and the experimental science museum.
The observatory
Municipal Astronomical Observatory "Prof. Victor Capolongo" was inaugurated on June 18, 1970 and named its first director.
The Observatory meets outreach, teaching and research in the field of astronomy and related sciences and informs the public of phenomena that occur in the sky, as eclipses, planetary configurations, passages of comets, etc.
To that end, the Observatory has installed two telescopes. One refractor Coudé of 150 mm. Of opening and 2250 mm of focal distance provided with Lyot's monochromatic filter for the solar observation and another reflector type Cassegrain of 300 mm. Of opening, constructed by the house Carl Zeiss.
There are realized observations and astronomic photography of all the celestial visible objects in Rosario's sky, according to the epoch of the year and very specially the Sun, the Moon and the planets like Jupiter, Saturn, Mars and Venus.
Experimental science museum
It was inaugurated on September 24, 1987. It is the first that works in Argentina and differs from traditional museums iy has equipment and instruments that demonstrate the Laws of Nature, which can be used by the general public in an interactive way.
Thus, visitors of all ages can be seen with telescopes and microscopes, experimenting with lasers, sound mixers, radios of various types, computers, solar cells, etc.
To complement this, exhibit panels with photographs and explanatory texts of the Basic Science and Technology: Mathematics and Computer Science, Engineering, Physics, Astronomy, Astronautics, Geology, Chemistry and Biology.
In addition, an important area is intended for periodic samples, such as "Space Age", Energy: renewable and rational use "", From Sand to Glass, "among others. The museum staff was achieved through contributions from the Ministry of Science and Technology Office, the Municipality of Rosario and the contribution made by institutions and individuals.
The Museum audiovisual projections made in the Video Sector Science and has an area called "CIENCIANIÑO" for children 4 to 10 years. The Museum works in the evening similar to the Planetarium. Educational institutions at all levels are treated in previous days shift assignment.
Demographic distribution
Provinces of Argentina
Argentina is subdivided into twenty-three provinces and one autonomous city...
of Santa Fe
Santa Fe Province
The Invincible Province of Santa Fe, in Spanish Provincia Invencible de Santa Fe , is a province of Argentina, located in the center-east of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise Chaco , Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and Santiago del Estero...
, Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
. This metropolis has a population of about 1.2 million (1,159,004 est.), thus being Argentina's third most populated urban settlement, after Córdoba
Córdoba, Argentina
Córdoba is a city located near the geographical center of Argentina, in the foothills of the Sierras Chicas on the Suquía River, about northwest of Buenos Aires. It is the capital of Córdoba Province. Córdoba is the second-largest city in Argentina after the federal capital Buenos Aires, with...
. The Greater Rosario comprises Rosario itself (population about 910,000) and a large area around it, spreading in all directions except eastward (because of the Paraná River). Directly to the south it includes the city of Villa Gobernador Gálvez
Villa Gobernador Gálvez
Villa Gobernador Gálvez is a city in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, located on the western ravine of the Paraná River, within the metropolitan area of Greater Rosario. It has 74,509 inhabitants per the . It is separated from Rosario, to the north, by the Saladillo Stream...
, with a population of about 75,000, at about 10 km from Rosario city centre.
To the west and south-west there are several smaller towns and cities (Funes
Funes, Santa Fe
Funes is a small city in the , located within the metropolitan area of Greater Rosario, about 15 km west from the center of the city of Rosario. It has a population of about 15,000 inhabitants....
, Roldán
Roldán, Santa Fe
Roldán is a small city in the , located within the metropolitan area of Greater Rosario. According to the 2001 census, it had a population of 11,470 inhabitants...
, Pérez
Pérez, Santa Fe
Pérez is a city in the . It is part of the Greater Rosario metropolitan area, and lies 175 km south from the provincial capital . It has a population of about 25,000 inhabitants ....
, Soldini
Soldini, Santa Fe
Soldini is a town in the . It is part of the Greater Rosario metropolitan area, and lies 127 km south from the provincial capital . It has a population of about 2,800 inhabitants ....
); Roldán is 23 km from Rosario city centre. These settlements were incorporated into the metropolis due to their vicinity to major roads leading into Rosario, and many people living there habitually commute
Commuting
Commuting is regular travel between one's place of residence and place of work or full time study. It sometimes refers to any regular or often repeated traveling between locations when not work related.- History :...
to Rosario.
The farthest end is to the north, following the coast of the river; from Rosario one finds, in succession and usually merging into each other, the towns of Granadero Baigorria
Granadero Baigorria
Granadero Baigorria is a city in the south of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, located directly north of Rosario, on the western shore of the Paraná River, and forming part of the Greater Rosario metropolitan area...
, Capitán Bermúdez
Capitán Bermúdez
Capitán Bermúdez is a city in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, located within the metropolitan area of Greater Rosario, , on the western shore of the Paraná River. It has a population of about 27,000 inhabitants per the .The town was founded in 1889, and officially became a city in 1970...
, Fray Luis Beltrán
Fray Luis Beltrán
Fray Luis Beltrán is a small city in the , located within the metropolitan area of Greater Rosario, north of the city of Rosario, on the western shore of the Paraná River. It has a population of about 14,000 inhabitants as of the ....
, San Lorenzo
San Lorenzo, Santa Fe
San Lorenzo is a city in the south of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, located 23 km north of Rosario, on the western shore of the Paraná River, and forming one end of the Greater Rosario metropolitan area...
(already in a different departamento
Departments of Argentina
Departments form the second level of administrative division in the provinces of Argentina. There are no departments in the city of Buenos Aires, which has so far been divided into neighbourhoods as its administrative divisions, but is to be divided now into communes by a recently passed local act...
, with a population of over 40,000), and Puerto General San Martín
Puerto General San Martín
Puerto General San Martín is a small city in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, located within the metropolitan area of Greater Rosario, about north from the center of the city of Rosario, on the western shore of the Paraná River...
, the last being at a distance of 35 km from Rosario.
The north of the Greater Rosario is one end of an area traditionally called Cordón Industrial ("Industrial Corridor"), since it was traditionally a heavily industrialized productive region. The prelude to the economic crisis in the 1990s largely dismantled the industrial infrastructure and damaged agricultural exports. As of 2006
2006 in Argentina
-January:* 3 January: Four years after defaulting on its external debt, Argentina pays its USD 9.57 billion debt with the International Monetary Fund....
the recovery of national economy has revitalized them, but high levels of poverty and unemployment persist (the last official survey indicates that 23.4% of the population is under the poverty line).
In 1876 the total population was 203,509 and it doubled in 1908, and yet again in less than two decades; by 1926 Rosario had 407,000 inhabitants, 47% of them foreign, many brought from Europe in the wake of World War I. Most of them were Italian, and among them, a majority from the north-western region of Liguria
Liguria
Liguria is a coastal region of north-western Italy, the third smallest of the Italian regions. Its capital is Genoa. It is a popular region with tourists for its beautiful beaches, picturesque little towns, and good food.-Geography:...
.
As of the census of 2001, there are 1,161,188 people residing in the city and 31 surrounding districts
Greater Rosario
Greater Rosario is the metropolitan area of the city of Rosario, in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. This metropolis has a population of about 1.5 million , thus being Argentina's second most populated urban settlement, after Buenos Aires....
, making metro Rosario home to one in five Argentines
Culture of Argentina
The culture of Argentina is as varied as the country's geography and mix of ethnic groups. Modern Argentine culture has been largely influenced by European immigration although there are lesser elements of Amerindian and African influences, particularly in the fields of music and art...
The population density in Rosario proper was 13,680 inhabitants per square kilometer (34,800 per mi2); but, only about 2,400 per km2 (6,100 per mi2) in the suburbs.
The 2001 Census showed a relatively aged population, as well; with 17% under the age of fifteen and 22% over sixty, the people have an age structure similar to those in most European cities. They are, likewise, a good bit more elderly than Argentines as a whole (of whom, 28% were under 15 and 14%, over 60).
The ethnic make-up of Rosario changed in the late 19th-century, when significant numbers of European immigrants arrived in the city. Prior to this, Rosario's population had been almost completely European-descent in ethnic origin. As Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the second-largest metropolitan area in South America, after São Paulo. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent...
was the first landfall in Argentina for many migrant ships coming from Europe in the 1850s and 1890s, Rosario started to experience a diverse influx of people,. The main contributors were Spain, Italy, France, Eastern European nations such as Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
, Poland, Russia, Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
, Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
and the Balkans
Balkans
The Balkans is a geopolitical and cultural region of southeastern Europe...
(especially Greece, Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
and Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro Montenegrin: Crna Gora Црна Гора , meaning "Black Mountain") is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast and Albania to the...
), Switzerland, Germany, the United Kingdom and Ireland, and Scandinavia (especially Sweden). By the 1910s, 43 percent of the city population was non-native Argentine after immigration rates peaked
Most immigrants, regardless of origin, settled in the city or around Greater Rosario
Greater Rosario
Greater Rosario is the metropolitan area of the city of Rosario, in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. This metropolis has a population of about 1.5 million , thus being Argentina's second most populated urban settlement, after Buenos Aires....
. However, in the first stages of immigration, some formed colonies (especially agricultural colonies
Agricultural colonies in Argentina
Agricultural colonies in Argentina were a demographically and economically important part of the evolution of the country. The Argentine government, faced with large areas of fertile land that were unpopulated or settled by aboriginal tribes , encouraged European immigration, welcoming settling...
) in different parts of the city, often encouraged by the Argentine government and/or sponsored by private individuals and organizations.
Districts
Rosario is divided into six districts, most named by location although the eastmost is called Centre District as it includes the oldest part of the city historicaliy called Centro (City Centre). The data given below are from the .Centre District
PopulationPopulation
A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals...
: 261,047
Area
Area
Area is a quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional surface or shape in the plane. Area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to fashion a model of the shape, or the amount of paint necessary to cover the surface with a single coat...
: 20.37 km2 (11.45% of the Municipality)
Population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
: 12,815 inhab/km2
Housing
House
A house is a building or structure that has the ability to be occupied for dwelling by human beings or other creatures. The term house includes many kinds of different dwellings ranging from rudimentary huts of nomadic tribes to free standing individual structures...
: 110,152 units
North District
PopulationPopulation
A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals...
: 131,495
Area
Area
Area is a quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional surface or shape in the plane. Area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to fashion a model of the shape, or the amount of paint necessary to cover the surface with a single coat...
: 35.02 km2 (19.6% of the Municipality)
Population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
: 3,744 inhab/km2
Housing
House
A house is a building or structure that has the ability to be occupied for dwelling by human beings or other creatures. The term house includes many kinds of different dwellings ranging from rudimentary huts of nomadic tribes to free standing individual structures...
: 40,492 units
Northwest District
PopulationPopulation
A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals...
: 144,461
Area
Area
Area is a quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional surface or shape in the plane. Area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to fashion a model of the shape, or the amount of paint necessary to cover the surface with a single coat...
: 44.14 km2 (24.7% of the Municipality)
Population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
: 3,273 inhab/km2
Housing
House
A house is a building or structure that has the ability to be occupied for dwelling by human beings or other creatures. The term house includes many kinds of different dwellings ranging from rudimentary huts of nomadic tribes to free standing individual structures...
: 41,740 units
West District
PopulationPopulation
A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals...
: 106,356
Area
Area
Area is a quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional surface or shape in the plane. Area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to fashion a model of the shape, or the amount of paint necessary to cover the surface with a single coat...
: 40.21 km2 (22.5% of the Municipality)
Population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
: 2,645 inhab/km2
Housing
House
A house is a building or structure that has the ability to be occupied for dwelling by human beings or other creatures. The term house includes many kinds of different dwellings ranging from rudimentary huts of nomadic tribes to free standing individual structures...
: 31,625 units
Southwest District
PopulationPopulation
A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals...
: 103,446
Area
Area
Area is a quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional surface or shape in the plane. Area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to fashion a model of the shape, or the amount of paint necessary to cover the surface with a single coat...
: 20.19 km2 (11.3% of the Municipality)
Population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
: 5,123 inhab/km2
Housing
House
A house is a building or structure that has the ability to be occupied for dwelling by human beings or other creatures. The term house includes many kinds of different dwellings ranging from rudimentary huts of nomadic tribes to free standing individual structures...
: 28,284 units
South District
PopulationPopulation
A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals...
: 160,771
Area
Area
Area is a quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional surface or shape in the plane. Area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to fashion a model of the shape, or the amount of paint necessary to cover the surface with a single coat...
: 18.76 km2 (10.5% of the Municipality)
Population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
: 8,569 inhab/km2
Housing
House
A house is a building or structure that has the ability to be occupied for dwelling by human beings or other creatures. The term house includes many kinds of different dwellings ranging from rudimentary huts of nomadic tribes to free standing individual structures...
: 48,541 units
Urban Structure
Centre District
At Rosario city centre, Córdoba StreetCórdoba Street (Rosario)
Córdoba Street is one of the most important streets in Rosario, Santa Fe Province, Argentina. It runs east–west through the center of the city, from the coastal avenue by the Paraná River to the western limit of the urbanized area....
is the main avenue, it begins at the Flag Memorial Park, climbs towards the district area, and becomes a pedestrian walk for seven blocks, between Plaza 25 de Mayo and Plaza Pringles. Along Córdoba Ave to the west Paseo del Siglo
Paseo del Siglo
Paseo del Siglo is a part of the historical center of the city of Rosario, Argentina. It comprises eight blocks in the downtown Córdoba Street, from Oroño Boulevard east up to Paraguay Street...
("Walk of the Century") was settled, with former houses of wealthy families, finally there is also the San Martín Square
Plaza San Martín (Rosario)
Plaza San Martín is a plaza in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. Its name is an homage to General José de San Martín, hero of the Argentine War of Independence....
, and elsewhere, Plaza Montenegro
Plaza Montenegro (Rosario)
Plaza Santiago Montenegro is a small hardscape plaza in the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. Its name honors one of the first Spanish-descended settlers in the area, Captain Santiago Montenegro...
(on Peatonal San Martín, the pedestrian-only four blocks of San Martín Street
San Martín Street (Rosario)
San Martín Street is an important street in Rosario, Santa Fe Province, Argentina. It runs north–south through the center of the city, from the coastal avenue by the Paraná River to the southern limit of the urbanized area...
) and Plaza Sarmiento
Plaza Sarmiento (Rosario)
Plaza Sarmiento is a plaza in the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. Its name is an homage to former Argentine president Domingo Faustino Sarmiento....
.
Oroño Boulevard
Oroño Boulevard
Oroño Boulevard is a street in Rosario, Santa Fe Province, Argentina. It is a two-way boulevard that runs north–south through the center-east of the city, from the coastal avenue by the Paraná River to the southern limit of the urbanized area...
(going north–south) and Pellegrini Avenue
Pellegrini Avenue (Rosario)
Pellegrini Avenue is a street in Rosario, Santa Fe Province, Argentina. It is a two-way avenue that runs east–west through the center-south of the city, from the coastal avenue by the Paraná River to the western limit of the urbanized area...
(east–west) mark the boundaries of the town center together with the river. At their confluence starts the Parque de la Independencia
Parque de la Independencia
The Parque de la Independencia is a large public park in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It is located near the geographical center of the city, its limits defined by Moreno Street and three important avenues: Pellegrini Avenue, Ovidio Lagos Avenue, and 27 de Febrero Boulevard...
, that houses the Juan B. Castagnino Fine Arts Museum
Juan B. Castagnino Fine Arts Museum
The Juan B. Castagnino Fine Arts Museum is an art museum in the city of Rosario, , considered the most important of the interior of the country and the second in national terms. It is administered by the municipal government...
, the Newell's Old Boys
Newell's Old Boys
Club Atlético Newell's Old Boys is an Argentine sports club based in Rosario. The club was founded on November 3, 1903, and is named after Isaac Newell, one of the pioneers of Argentine football...
football club, and the sports clubs Provincial and Gimnasia y Esgrima, as well as the horse racetrack and the former Sociedad Rural (Rural Society).
To the west, after Oroño, there are the avenues Ovidio Lagos and Francia, Avellaneda Boulevard and Provincias Unidas Avenue. The main barrio
Barrio
Barrio is a Spanish word meaning district or neighborhood.-Usage:In its formal usage in English, barrios are generally considered cohesive places, sharing, for example, a church and traditions such as feast days...
s in the south are La Tablada
Barrio
Barrio is a Spanish word meaning district or neighborhood.-Usage:In its formal usage in English, barrios are generally considered cohesive places, sharing, for example, a church and traditions such as feast days...
, Parque Casado
Barrio
Barrio is a Spanish word meaning district or neighborhood.-Usage:In its formal usage in English, barrios are generally considered cohesive places, sharing, for example, a church and traditions such as feast days...
, Las Heras
Barrio
Barrio is a Spanish word meaning district or neighborhood.-Usage:In its formal usage in English, barrios are generally considered cohesive places, sharing, for example, a church and traditions such as feast days...
, Las Delicias
Barrio
Barrio is a Spanish word meaning district or neighborhood.-Usage:In its formal usage in English, barrios are generally considered cohesive places, sharing, for example, a church and traditions such as feast days...
and Las Flores
Barrio
Barrio is a Spanish word meaning district or neighborhood.-Usage:In its formal usage in English, barrios are generally considered cohesive places, sharing, for example, a church and traditions such as feast days...
. The city ends in the Saladillo Stream
Saladillo Stream
The Saladillo Stream is a small tributary of the Paraná River, that discharges into it between the cities of Rosario and Villa Gobernador Gálvez, in the...
.
Among the districts in the west are Echesortu
Barrio Echesortu
Echesortu is a barrio in Rosario, Argentina. It is unofficially known by that name even though, from the administrative point of view, it name is Remedios Escalada de San Martín...
, Belgrano
Barrio Belgrano (Rosario)
Belgrano is a barrio in the west of Rosario, Argentina. It is named in honor of Manuel Belgrano, creator of the Argentine flag....
, Triángulo, Moderno, Godoy and Fisherton
Barrio Fisherton
Fisherton is a barrio in Rosario, . It is located in the western part of the city. Its main street is Eva Perón Avenue .Fisherton is primarily a middle-class, residential neighborhood...
. To the north-east there lie Pichincha
Barrio Pichincha
Pichincha is a barrio in the city of Rosario, . It is located on the north-east part of the central area of the city, and its limits are Ovidio Lagos Avenue , Francia Avenue , Rivadavia Avenue, and Salta St.The assembling of this barrio was motivated by the growth of the railway lines and the...
, Ludueña, Lisandro de la Torre
Barrio Lisandro de la Torre
Lisandro de la Torre is a barrio in the north-east of Rosario, Argentina. It carries the name of a renowned local politician, Lisandro de la Torre , but is most commonly referred to as Arroyito....
(home of Rosario Central's stadium) and Empalme Graneros.
Next to the stadium there is the Parque Alem
Parque Alem
The Parque Alem is a large public park in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It is located in the north of the city, beside the Paraná River, overlooking its islands...
, and nearby the Sorrento thermal power plant. To the north lie the districts of Alberdi
Barrio Alberdi
Alberdi is a primarily residential barrio of Rosario, Argentina. It is located in the north-east of the city, between Rondeau Boulevard and the Paraná River. In the current administrative division system employed by the municipality, it belongs in the North District.This barrio was initially an...
, La Florida (with a popular beach resort of the same name), Parque Field (built under US President John F. Kennedy's Alliance for Progress development plans) and Rucci. The main streets are Alberdi Avenue and its continuation, Rondeau Boulevard (which leads to the Rosario-Victoria Bridge
Rosario-Victoria Bridge
Rosario-Victoria Bridge is the informal name of the physical connection between the Argentine cities of Rosario and Victoria ....
and the city of Granadero Baigorria
Granadero Baigorria
Granadero Baigorria is a city in the south of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, located directly north of Rosario, on the western shore of the Paraná River, and forming part of the Greater Rosario metropolitan area...
). These are crossed by the avenues Las Tres Vías, Génova, Sorrento and Puccio.
An important part of Rosario's urban character is its river bank. The city recovered the river bank of the Paraná not long ago, thanks to a reorganization of terrains formerly owned by the port and the national railroad system. Going from the center immediately north of the port, the river bank is surrounded by a large amount of parks; Argentine flag Memorial
National Flag Memorial (Argentina)
The National Flag Memorial in Rosario, Argentina, is a monumental complex built near the shore of the Paraná River...
, Parque de España
Parque de España
The Parque de España is an urban complex in Rosario, Argentina. It comprises the park and a cultural centre, with a total surface area of 10,000 m², located near the historical centre of the city, on the coast of the Paraná River....
, Parque de las Colectividades
Park
A park is a protected area, in its natural or semi-natural state, or planted, and set aside for human recreation and enjoyment, or for the protection of wildlife or natural habitats. It may consist of rocks, soil, water, flora and fauna and grass areas. Many parks are legally protected by...
and Parque Sunchales
Park
A park is a protected area, in its natural or semi-natural state, or planted, and set aside for human recreation and enjoyment, or for the protection of wildlife or natural habitats. It may consist of rocks, soil, water, flora and fauna and grass areas. Many parks are legally protected by...
.
Greater Rosario
Through the years, Rosario has spread in all directions. Towards the south, beyond Pellegrini, there are two more boulevards, 27 de Febrero and Seguí, and avenues Uriburu, Arijón and Battle y Ordóñez.To the west, after Oroño, there are the avenues Ovidio Lagos and Francia, Avellaneda Boulevard and Provincias Unidas Avenue. The main neighborhoods in the south are La Tablada, Parque Casado, Las Heras, Las Delicias and Las Flores. The city ends in the Saladillo StreamSaladillo Stream
The Saladillo Stream is a small tributary of the Paraná River, that discharges into it between the cities of Rosario and Villa Gobernador Gálvez, in the...
(the natural border with Villa Gobernador Gálvez
Villa Gobernador Gálvez
Villa Gobernador Gálvez is a city in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, located on the western ravine of the Paraná River, within the metropolitan area of Greater Rosario. It has 74,509 inhabitants per the . It is separated from Rosario, to the north, by the Saladillo Stream...
). This is just south of the great barrio Grandoli.
Among the neighborhoods in the west are Echesortu
Barrio Echesortu
Echesortu is a barrio in Rosario, Argentina. It is unofficially known by that name even though, from the administrative point of view, it name is Remedios Escalada de San Martín...
, Belgrano
Barrio Belgrano (Rosario)
Belgrano is a barrio in the west of Rosario, Argentina. It is named in honor of Manuel Belgrano, creator of the Argentine flag....
, Triángulo, Moderno, Godoy and Fisherton
Barrio Fisherton
Fisherton is a barrio in Rosario, . It is located in the western part of the city. Its main street is Eva Perón Avenue .Fisherton is primarily a middle-class, residential neighborhood...
(near the west end of the city, formerly home of hierarchical personnel of English railroad companies established in Rosario).
To the north-east there lie the neighborhoods of Pichincha
Barrio Pichincha
Pichincha is a barrio in the city of Rosario, . It is located on the north-east part of the central area of the city, and its limits are Ovidio Lagos Avenue , Francia Avenue , Rivadavia Avenue, and Salta St.The assembling of this barrio was motivated by the growth of the railway lines and the...
(a red-light district
Red-light district
A red-light district is a part of an urban area where there is a concentration of prostitution and sex-oriented businesses, such as sex shops, strip clubs, adult theaters, etc...
in early 20th century, now home to an open-air antiquities fair: Mercado de antigüedades "Feria Retro La Huella"), Ludueña, Lisandro de la Torre
Barrio Lisandro de la Torre
Lisandro de la Torre is a barrio in the north-east of Rosario, Argentina. It carries the name of a renowned local politician, Lisandro de la Torre , but is most commonly referred to as Arroyito....
(home of the Rosario Central
Rosario Central
Club Atlético Rosario Central is a sports club based in Rosario, Argentina. Its football team currently plays in the Primera B Nacional, the second tier of the Argentine football league system, after being relegated in the 2009-10 season....
football club) and Empalme Graneros; these last three are in the influence area of the Ludueña Stream
Ludueña Stream
The Ludueña Stream is a small river in the , which starts near the city of Rosario and flows through it, mostly east-southwards, ending in the Paraná River in the neighbourhood commonly known as Arroyito, near Rosario Central's football stadium.The Ludueña drains an area which includes Rosario...
, now contained by underground piping, but until the 1980s a source of floods.
Next to the Rosario Central stadium there is a large park, Parque Alem
Parque Alem
The Parque Alem is a large public park in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It is located in the north of the city, beside the Paraná River, overlooking its islands...
, and not far from it there stands the Sorrento thermoelectric power plant. North from the Lisandro de la Torre neighborhood there are Alberdi
Barrio Alberdi
Alberdi is a primarily residential barrio of Rosario, Argentina. It is located in the north-east of the city, between Rondeau Boulevard and the Paraná River. In the current administrative division system employed by the municipality, it belongs in the North District.This barrio was initially an...
(formerly an independent town), La Florida (with a popular beach resort of the same name) and Rucci.
The main streets in the north are Alberdi Avenue and its continuation, Rondeau Boulevard (which leads to the north exit of the city, the access to the Rosario-Victoria Bridge and the town of Granadero Baigorria
Granadero Baigorria
Granadero Baigorria is a city in the south of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, located directly north of Rosario, on the western shore of the Paraná River, and forming part of the Greater Rosario metropolitan area...
). These major arteries are crossed by several avenues: Las Tres Vías, Génova, Sorrento and Puccio.
Transportation
Rosario's strategic location is destined to become a significant transportation hub and as the bi-oceanic corridor that links the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) on the Atlantic Ocean to ValparaísoValparaíso
Valparaíso is a city and commune of Chile, center of its third largest conurbation and one of the country's most important seaports and an increasing cultural center in the Southwest Pacific hemisphere. The city is the capital of the Valparaíso Province and the Valparaíso Region...
(Chile
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
), on the Pacific, an important component in global distribution and the core center of a key corridor in the Mercosur
Mercosur
Mercosur or Mercosul is an economic and political agreement among Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Founded in 1991 by the Treaty of Asunción, which was later amended and updated by the 1994 Treaty of Ouro Preto. Its purpose is to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods, people,...
, the Common Market for the South.
Public transport
Trolleybus
A trolleybus is an electric bus that draws its electricity from overhead wires using spring-loaded trolley poles. Two wires and poles are required to complete the electrical circuit...
es and taxicabs.
The Rosario trolleybus system
Trolleybuses in Rosario
The Rosario trolleybus system is part of the public transport network in Rosario, the largest city in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina.Opened in 1959, the system presently comprises one line, designated as line K.-Early years:...
consists of only one main trunk line. It is presently operated by a government-owned corporation
Government-owned corporation
A government-owned corporation, state-owned company, state-owned entity, state enterprise, publicly owned corporation, government business enterprise, or parastatal is a legal entity created by a government to undertake commercial activities on behalf of an owner government...
, SEMTUR
SEMTUR
SEMTUR is a government-owned corporation based in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina...
(Sociedad del Estado Municipal para el Transporte Urbano de Rosario, "Municipal State Society for Rosario Urban Transport"), as are some of Rosario's other urban bus lines.
Plaza Sarmiento
Plaza Sarmiento (Rosario)
Plaza Sarmiento is a plaza in the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. Its name is an homage to former Argentine president Domingo Faustino Sarmiento....
is the hub of the city bus system, about 40 urban lines in the metropolitan area that provide service every 5 to 10 minutes.
Bus fares are pre-paid by means of a disposable paper card
Magnetic stripe card
A magnetic stripe card is a type of card capable of storing data by modifying the magnetism of tiny iron-based magnetic particles on a band of magnetic material on the card...
with a magnetic stripe which can be bought from post office
Post office
A post office is a facility forming part of a postal system for the posting, receipt, sorting, handling, transmission or delivery of mail.Post offices offer mail-related services such as post office boxes, postage and packaging supplies...
s, automatic vending machines, and private businesses. For occasional use, a larger fare can be paid using a coin
Coin
A coin is a piece of hard material that is standardized in weight, is produced in large quantities in order to facilitate trade, and primarily can be used as a legal tender token for commerce in the designated country, region, or territory....
machine in the bus unit. The interurban lines have differential fares and some allow payment in cash only.
The urban bus fleet was partially renewed during the recovery of the national economy, since 2003, and consists of about 730 units. In 2005 the average age of the buses was 5 years and 11 months. Improvements in the economy have led to increased use of public transport, and comparatively less use of bicycles. According to the Rosario Transportation Office, in 2005 there were about 11 million bus journeys per month, by 2007, usage has climbed to 420,000 people every day (12.6 million per month).
As a curiosity, Rosario has a large number of buses which run on natural gas
Natural gas
Natural gas is a naturally occurring gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, typically with 0–20% higher hydrocarbons . It is found associated with other hydrocarbon fuel, in coal beds, as methane clathrates, and is an important fuel source and a major feedstock for fertilizers.Most natural...
, as it happens also in Argentina as a whole, and all gas stations provide it. Its price is quite low compared to the alternatives. The idea to transform all buses to this system did not prosper; most buses run on heavily subsidized diesel fuel.
Rosario has a medium-sized taxi
Taxicab
A taxicab, also taxi or cab, is a type of vehicle for hire with a driver, used by a single passenger or small group of passengers, often for a non-shared ride. A taxicab conveys passengers between locations of their choice...
fleet, with units painted black and outlined in yellow. Some belong to radio-taxi companies and can be reserved by telephone; others only in the streets. As the economy of Argentina recovers, the capacity of the taxi fleet has been strained by higher usage. In September 2005, the Deliberative Council approved the compulsory installation of radio-call systems in all taxi units, but this requirement has not been fulfilled.
Rosario is also a major hub for long-distance overland transportation from the Mariano Moreno Bus Terminal, (Terminal de Omnibus), across from the Patio de la Madera
Patio de la Madera
The Patio de la Madera, is a "Convention and Exposition Centre" complex located in Rosario, , occupying two blocks opposite the Mariano Moreno Bus Terminal, near the geographic center of the city...
Convention and Exposition Centre complex, about 15 blocks west of Plaza San Martin
Plaza San Martín (Rosario)
Plaza San Martín is a plaza in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. Its name is an homage to General José de San Martín, hero of the Argentine War of Independence....
.
The transportation facility serves 73 bus companies in short, medium and long-distance travel, carrying 1,100.000 passengers per month to 784 national and international destinations, which comprise most major domestic cities including Puerto Iguazú
Puerto Iguazú
Puerto Iguazú is a frontier city in the province of Misiones, Argentina. With a population of 82.227 ,it is the fifth largest city in the Province, after Posadas, Oberá, Eldorado and San Vicente....
, Salta
Salta
Salta is a city in northwestern Argentina and the capital city of the Salta Province. Along with its metropolitan area, it has a population of 464,678 inhabitants as of the , making it Argentina's eighth largest city.-Overview:...
and Bariloche and international destinations such as Asunción
Asunción
Asunción is the capital and largest city of Paraguay.The "Ciudad de Asunción" is an autonomous capital district not part of any department. The metropolitan area, called Gran Asunción, includes the cities of San Lorenzo, Fernando de la Mora, Lambaré, Luque, Mariano Roque Alonso, Ñemby, San...
, Paraguay, Curitiba
Curitiba
Curitiba is the capital of the Brazilian state of Paraná. It is the largest city with the biggest economy of both Paraná and southern Brazil. The population of Curitiba numbers approximately 1.75 million people and the latest GDP figures for the city surpass US$61 billion according to...
and Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
, Brazil and Montevideo
Montevideo
Montevideo is the largest city, the capital, and the chief port of Uruguay. The settlement was established in 1726 by Bruno Mauricio de Zabala, as a strategic move amidst a Spanish-Portuguese dispute over the platine region, and as a counter to the Portuguese colony at Colonia del Sacramento...
, Uruguay, destinations may be long but white-clad chauffeurs handle comfortable long-distance coaches
Coach (vehicle)
A coach is a large motor vehicle, a type of bus, used for conveying passengers on excursions and on longer distance express coach scheduled transport between cities - or even between countries...
with modern conveniences.
Rail
The passenger train system was severely damaged by the privatization of most railway companies in the early 1990s, but is slowly recovering. The lines of the Nuevo Central ArgentinoNuevo Central Argentino
Nuevo Central Argentino S. A. is an Argentine company that exploits the operation and infrastructure of the national railway system of the former Ferrocarril General Bartolomé Mitre division of Ferrocarriles Argentinos, by a concession granted on 23 December 1992 as part of railway privatisation...
(NCA) railway company handle most of the cargo
Cargo
Cargo is goods or produce transported, generally for commercial gain, by ship, aircraft, train, van or truck. In modern times, containers are used in most intermodal long-haul cargo transport.-Marine:...
. Additionally, two private passenger railway companies provide limited services to several major cities. Trenes de Buenos Aires
Trenes de Buenos Aires
Trenes de Buenos Aires is a privately-owned company which, on 27 May 1995, took over the concession, granted by the Argentine government as part of railway privatisation during the presidency of Carlos Menem, for the operation of commuter rail services in Buenos Aires, Argentina over the broad...
runs weekly trains south to Retiro Station
Estación Retiro
Retiro Station is a large railway terminus in the Buenos Aires central business district in Argentina, located in the district of Retiro, opposite Plaza San Martín, a large public square....
in (Buenos Aires) and north to Santa Fe
Santa Fe, Argentina
Santa Fe is the capital city of province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It sits in northeastern Argentina, near the junction of the Paraná and Salado rivers. It lies opposite the city of Paraná, to which it is linked by the Hernandarias Subfluvial Tunnel. The city is also connected by canal with the...
. The company Ferrocentral
Ferrocentral
Ferrocentral is a private railway company in Argentina, its name being a combination of the Spanish words for "Central Rail." It operates long-distance passenger trains from its base at Retiro Station in Buenos Aires to several locations in northern Argentina...
also operates weekly trains south to Buenos Aires and northwest to Córdoba
Córdoba, Argentina
Córdoba is a city located near the geographical center of Argentina, in the foothills of the Sierras Chicas on the Suquía River, about northwest of Buenos Aires. It is the capital of Córdoba Province. Córdoba is the second-largest city in Argentina after the federal capital Buenos Aires, with...
and Tucumán.
There was a project to build a high-speed train
High-speed rail
High-speed rail is a type of passenger rail transport that operates significantly faster than the normal speed of rail traffic. Specific definitions by the European Union include for upgraded track and or faster for new track, whilst in the United States, the U.S...
between Buenos Aires-Rosario-Córdoba
Buenos Aires-Rosario-Córdoba high-speed railway
The Buenos Aires–Rosario–Córdoba high-speed railway is a project designed to link the Argentine cities of Buenos Aires, Rosario and Córdoba through a high-speed rail network. The plan, announced by President Néstor Kirchner during a press conference at the Casa Rosada on 26 April 2006, would be...
, scheduled to be started in 2008, with an inauguration in 2012, that would join Rosario and Buenos Aires in 85 minutes, and would reach Córdoba in another 90 minutes at speeds of up to 320 km/h (200 mph). However it never was constructed and the project was finally suspended after the controversy it generated among the citizens and the media critics because of the high costs it implicated.
Roadways
Rosario is linked to the rest of the country by a number of roads: the Aramburu Highway (southeast, to Buenos Aires), National Route 9National Route 9 (Argentina)
National Route 9 is a major road in Argentina, which runs from the center-east to the northwest of the country, crossing the provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Córdoba, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán, Salta and Jujuy...
(from Buenos Aires to Rosario and then north and west up to Jujuy and Bolivia), the Brigadier Estanislao López Highway
Brigadier Estanislao López Highway
The Brigadier Estanislao López Highway is a highway in the Argentine province of Santa Fe, linking the provincial capital Santa Fe and the city of Rosario...
(north, to Santa Fe City), National Route 11 (to the north of Santa Fe, Formosa and Paraguay), National Route 33 (to the southwest of Santa Fe and the province of Buenos Aires, and then through National Route 7
National Route 7 (Argentina)
National Route 7 is a road in Argentina. It crosses the country from east to west, from the capital to the border with Chile, thus linking the Atlantic coast with the Andes, crossing the provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Córdoba, San Luis and Mendoza...
to San Luis, Mendoza and Chile), National Route 34 (north to Santiago del Estero, Tucumán and Bolivia), and National Route 174 (east, to Entre Ríos, over the Rosario-Victoria Bridge).
It is surrounded with an extensive system of two belt-highways called Circunvalación Motorway
National Route A008 (Argentina)
National Route A008 is a beltway highway for the city of Rosario, Argentina. Built for traffic to avoid the congested city center, it allows drivers to bypass the city going around it in a much shorter time....
and A012
National Route A012 (Argentina)
National Route A012 is a road in the southeast of Santa Fe Province, Argentina. It has a semi-circular length centered around the city of Rosario, running as a long-length beltway...
which in turn set the limits of the city.
The Circunvalacion beltway is 30 km (18.6 mi) and was built for traffic to avoid the congested city centre, it allows drivers to bypass the city going around it in a much shorter time.
National Route 9 (Argentina)
National Route 9 is a major road in Argentina, which runs from the center-east to the northwest of the country, crossing the provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Córdoba, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán, Salta and Jujuy...
, National Route 3
Highway
A highway is any public road. In American English, the term is common and almost always designates major roads. In British English, the term designates any road open to the public. Any interconnected set of highways can be variously referred to as a "highway system", a "highway network", or a...
, National Route 34
Highway
A highway is any public road. In American English, the term is common and almost always designates major roads. In British English, the term designates any road open to the public. Any interconnected set of highways can be variously referred to as a "highway system", a "highway network", or a...
, National Route 11
Highway
A highway is any public road. In American English, the term is common and almost always designates major roads. In British English, the term designates any road open to the public. Any interconnected set of highways can be variously referred to as a "highway system", a "highway network", or a...
and National Route 174
Highway
A highway is any public road. In American English, the term is common and almost always designates major roads. In British English, the term designates any road open to the public. Any interconnected set of highways can be variously referred to as a "highway system", a "highway network", or a...
.
The official numbering system denotes this road as "A008" but this denomination is mostly unknown by the locals as it is still called "Avenida de Circunvalación 25 de Mayo" ("25 of May Beltway Avenue") commemorating the May Revolution
May Revolution
The May Revolution was a week-long series of events that took place from May 18 to 25, 1810, in Buenos Aires, capital of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, a Spanish colony that included roughly the territories of present-day Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay...
of 1810. Some sections are named after different personalities by local decree. For example:
- the section from the east end on 27 Boulevard to the crossing of Ayacucho Street (old exit to the Rosario-Buenos Aires Road, now access to Provincial Route 21), is called "National Route A008 Tte. General Juan Carlos Sánchez" by decree #232 of 14 May 1981.
- the section between Eva PerónEva PerónMaría Eva Duarte de Perón was the second wife of President Juan Perón and served as the First Lady of Argentina from 1946 until her death in 1952. She is often referred to as simply Eva Perón, or by the affectionate Spanish language diminutive Evita.She was born in the village of Los Toldos in...
Street and the exit to Santa FeSanta Fe, ArgentinaSanta Fe is the capital city of province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It sits in northeastern Argentina, near the junction of the Paraná and Salado rivers. It lies opposite the city of Paraná, to which it is linked by the Hernandarias Subfluvial Tunnel. The city is also connected by canal with the...
(the state capital) on the intersection with Rondeau Boulevard is called "National Route A008 Dr. Constantino Razzetti" by law #25769 of 1 September 2003.
The A012
National Route A012 (Argentina)
National Route A012 is a road in the southeast of Santa Fe Province, Argentina. It has a semi-circular length centered around the city of Rosario, running as a long-length beltway...
is a the second beltway at the southeast of the city. It has a semi-circular length centered around the city, running as a long-length beltway. From the National Route 9
National Route 9 (Argentina)
National Route 9 is a major road in Argentina, which runs from the center-east to the northwest of the country, crossing the provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Córdoba, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán, Salta and Jujuy...
junction on km marker 278, in the town of Esther, to the junction with National Route 11
National Route 9 (Argentina)
National Route 9 is a major road in Argentina, which runs from the center-east to the northwest of the country, crossing the provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Córdoba, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán, Salta and Jujuy...
on km marker 326 in the city of San Lorenzo
San Lorenzo, Santa Fe
San Lorenzo is a city in the south of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, located 23 km north of Rosario, on the western shore of the Paraná River, and forming one end of the Greater Rosario metropolitan area...
it runs for 67 km (41.6 mi).
This road is popularly known as the Second Rosario Beltway, as it borders the metropolitan area of greater Rosario.
Through National Decree 1595 of 1979 this road switched to federal control. Beforehand this road was called Provincial Route 16.
Airports
The Rosario AirportRosario International Airport
Rosario - Islas Malvinas International Airport is located west-northwest from the center of Rosario, a city in the Santa Fe Province of Argentina...
is located 13 km (8.1 mi) west-northwest from the center of Rosario, a city in the Santa Fe Province
Santa Fe Province
The Invincible Province of Santa Fe, in Spanish Provincia Invencible de Santa Fe , is a province of Argentina, located in the center-east of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise Chaco , Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and Santiago del Estero...
of Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
. The airport covers an area of 550 hectare
Hectare
The hectare is a metric unit of area defined as 10,000 square metres , and primarily used in the measurement of land. In 1795, when the metric system was introduced, the are was defined as being 100 square metres and the hectare was thus 100 ares or 1/100 km2...
s (1359 acre
Acre
The acre is a unit of area in a number of different systems, including the imperial and U.S. customary systems. The most commonly used acres today are the international acre and, in the United States, the survey acre. The most common use of the acre is to measure tracts of land.The acre is related...
s) and is operated by the Province of Santa Fe.
The airport serves the Greater Rosario
Greater Rosario
Greater Rosario is the metropolitan area of the city of Rosario, in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. This metropolis has a population of about 1.5 million , thus being Argentina's second most populated urban settlement, after Buenos Aires....
area and is the main hub for Sol Líneas Aéreas
Sol Líneas Aéreas
SOL S.A. Líneas Aéreas is an Argentine airline founded in 2005, and operating since August 2006 pursuant to an agreement between Transatlántica Group and the government of Santa Fe Province, who sought to improve air connections between the cities of Córdoba and Santa Fe...
and is also served by Aerolíneas Argentinas
Aerolíneas Argentinas
Aerolíneas Argentinas , formally Aerolíneas Argentinas S.A., is Argentina's largest airline and serves as the country's flag carrier. Owned in its majority by the Argentine Government, the airline is headquartered in the Torre Bouchard, located in San Nicolás, Buenos Aires...
, Pluna
PLUNA
PLUNALíneas Aéreas Uruguayas S.A. is the flag carrier of Uruguay, headquartered in Carrasco, Montevideo. It operates scheduled services within South America, as well as unscheduled cargo and charter services, with its main hub being Carrasco International Airport near Montevideo.- Foundation :The...
and Gol Transportes Aéreos
Gol Transportes Aéreos
Gol Transportes Aéreos is a Brazilian airline based in Comandante Lineu Gomes Square, São Paulo City, Brazil....
. There are domestic flights within Argentina from Rosario to Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the second-largest metropolitan area in South America, after São Paulo. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent...
, Córdoba
Córdoba, Argentina
Córdoba is a city located near the geographical center of Argentina, in the foothills of the Sierras Chicas on the Suquía River, about northwest of Buenos Aires. It is the capital of Córdoba Province. Córdoba is the second-largest city in Argentina after the federal capital Buenos Aires, with...
, Mar del Plata
Mar del Plata
Mar del Plata is an Argentine city located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, south of Buenos Aires. Mar del Plata is the second largest city of Buenos Aires Province. The name "Mar del Plata" had apparently the sense of "sea of the Río de la Plata region" or "adjoining sea to the Río de la Plata"...
(via Buenos Aires), Mendoza
Mendoza, Argentina
Mendoza is the capital city of Mendoza Province, in Argentina. It is located in the northern-central part of the province, in a region of foothills and high plains, on the eastern side of the Andes. As of the , Mendoza's population was 110,993...
(vía Córdoba), Santa Fe
Santa Fe, Argentina
Santa Fe is the capital city of province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It sits in northeastern Argentina, near the junction of the Paraná and Salado rivers. It lies opposite the city of Paraná, to which it is linked by the Hernandarias Subfluvial Tunnel. The city is also connected by canal with the...
and Villa Gesell
Villa Gesell
Villa Gesell is a seaside village in Villa Gesell Partido, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It was founded in 1931, afforestating a dune field. The growth of the city allowed it to annex the nearby cities of Mar de las Pampas, Las Gaviotas and Mar Azul....
(via Buenos Aires) cities as well as international services to, Porto Alegre, Brazil, and Punta del Este, Uruguay (direct flight in summer and via Buenos Aires in fall, winter and spring).
The airport is at an altitude of 82 feet (25 m) and its longest runway
Runway
According to ICAO a runway is a "defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and take-off of aircraft." Runways may be a man-made surface or a natural surface .- Orientation and dimensions :Runways are named by a number between 01 and 36, which is generally one tenth...
measures 9843 feet (3 kilometres).
Port
The Port of RosarioPort of Rosario
The Port of Rosario is an inland port and a major goods-shipping center of Argentina, located in the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, on the right-hand shore of the Paraná River, about 550 km upstream from the Atlantic Ocean.-Overview:...
, is an inland port and a major goods-shipping centre of Argentina, located in the city of Rosario, province
Provinces of Argentina
Argentina is subdivided into twenty-three provinces and one autonomous city...
of Santa Fe
Santa Fe Province
The Invincible Province of Santa Fe, in Spanish Provincia Invencible de Santa Fe , is a province of Argentina, located in the center-east of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise Chaco , Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and Santiago del Estero...
, on the right-hand (western) shore of the Paraná River, about 550 km upstream from the Atlantic Ocean.
At this point of the course of the Paraná (Kilometer 420) lies the depth transition between overseas and river navigation. The main channel of the river directly in front of the port has an advantageous configuration that allows to preserve a depth of 34 feet (10.4 m) with minor periodic dredging
Dredge
Dredging is an excavation activity or operation usually carried out at least partly underwater, in shallow seas or fresh water areas with the purpose of gathering up bottom sediments and disposing of them at a different location...
. This allows for downstream navigation of vessels up to Panamax
Panamax
Panamax and New Panamax are popular terms for the size limits for ships traveling through the Panama Canal. Formally, the limits and requirements are published by the Panama Canal Authority titled "Vessel Requirements"...
kind. The Paraná is about 600 m wide at Kilometer 418 and becomes 2,000 m wide downstream.
The port is the largest of a series located in the several cities of the Greater Rosario
Greater Rosario
Greater Rosario is the metropolitan area of the city of Rosario, in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. This metropolis has a population of about 1.5 million , thus being Argentina's second most populated urban settlement, after Buenos Aires....
that lie on the Paraná; the last (northernmost) able of overseas traffic being Puerto General San Martín
Puerto General San Martín
Puerto General San Martín is a small city in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, located within the metropolitan area of Greater Rosario, about north from the center of the city of Rosario, on the western shore of the Paraná River...
(23 km upstream from Rosario). It is part of the Bi-Oceanic Corridor that joins the Atlantic with the Pacific Ocean via Buenos Aires, Rosario, Córdoba
Córdoba Province (Argentina)
Córdoba is a province of Argentina, located in the center of the country. Neighboring provinces are : Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Buenos Aires, La Pampa, San Luis, La Rioja and Catamarca...
, the Cuyo region and Valparaíso
Valparaíso
Valparaíso is a city and commune of Chile, center of its third largest conurbation and one of the country's most important seaports and an increasing cultural center in the Southwest Pacific hemisphere. The city is the capital of the Valparaíso Province and the Valparaíso Region...
, Chile
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
; going north-south it forms the axis of the Paraguay
Paraguay River
The Paraguay River is a major river in south central South America, running through Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina...
-Paraná Hydroway. It directly services the area of Santa Fe that produces a large part of Argentine exports, and indirectly the whole Mercosur
Mercosur
Mercosur or Mercosul is an economic and political agreement among Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Founded in 1991 by the Treaty of Asunción, which was later amended and updated by the 1994 Treaty of Ouro Preto. Its purpose is to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods, people,...
trade bloc
Trade bloc
A trade bloc is a type of intergovernmental agreement, often part of a regional intergovernmental organization, where regional barriers to trade, are reduced or eliminated among the participating states.-Description:...
. In 2003 the traffic in the port amounted to 2.9 million tonnes.
Cargo] from other parts of Argentina is brought into the port by the railway lines of the Nuevo Central Argentino
Nuevo Central Argentino
Nuevo Central Argentino S. A. is an Argentine company that exploits the operation and infrastructure of the national railway system of the former Ferrocarril General Bartolomé Mitre division of Ferrocarriles Argentinos, by a concession granted on 23 December 1992 as part of railway privatisation...
, communicating with Córdoba
Córdoba, Argentina
Córdoba is a city located near the geographical center of Argentina, in the foothills of the Sierras Chicas on the Suquía River, about northwest of Buenos Aires. It is the capital of Córdoba Province. Córdoba is the second-largest city in Argentina after the federal capital Buenos Aires, with...
(west) and Zárate, Buenos Aires
Zárate, Buenos Aires
Zárate is a city in the northeast of the . It lies on the western shore of the Paraná River, from Buenos Aires. Its population as per the is 101,271 inhabitants. It is the head town and the only city in the partido of the same name....
(south), as well as the multiple national and provincial roads and highways that converge in Rosario. Communication with the north-eastern part of the country was enhanced by the 2003 opening of the Rosario-Victoria Bridge
Rosario-Victoria Bridge
Rosario-Victoria Bridge is the informal name of the physical connection between the Argentine cities of Rosario and Victoria ....
, that joins the city with the province of Entre Ríos
Entre Ríos Province
Entre Ríos is a northeastern province of Argentina, located in the Mesopotamia region. It borders the provinces of Buenos Aires , Corrientes and Santa Fe , and Uruguay in the east....
. The Rosario International Airport
Rosario International Airport
Rosario - Islas Malvinas International Airport is located west-northwest from the center of Rosario, a city in the Santa Fe Province of Argentina...
(located 15 km west) has also been refurbished to work with cargo traffic.
Education
National University of Rosario
The National University of Rosario is a research, educational and public university located in the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina.-Overview:...
(UNR) since 1968, which includes the Law Faculty
Facultad de Derecho (UNR)
The Facultad de Derecho is the Law School of the National University of Rosario, and is located in the former Palace of Justice Building, a Rosario landmark and a National Historic Monument.- The law School :...
, the Medicine Faculty
Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (UNR)
The Faculty of Medical Sciences of the National University of Rosario is located in the city of Rosario, Argentina, in the central Santa Fe Avenue with France Avenue, segmenting the latter into two parts, form a set of four interlocking blocks of streets and interior corridors between different...
, the Humanities Faculty and an advanced study centre called Ciudad Universitaria de Rosario (university city) that is home to more than 10 colleges, including the Faculty of Psychology, the Faculty of Political Sciences, the Faculty of Architecture, etc. It is also home of the Rosario Regional Faculty, a branch of the National Technological University
National Technological University
The National Technological University is a National University of Argentina, specializing in engineering and exact sciences. Hosting over 75,000 students, its student body is comparable to Argentina's third-largest university and exceeded significantly only by the University of Buenos Aires...
(UTN). All of these national colleges are free.
In the city there are approximately 624 establishments destined for elementary levels and secondary education, the Technical Institute, which depends directly on the UNR). With a solid tradition as for universitary education, it is head of several academic institutions, and is public, and free access.
Currently, there are some 80,000 University students at various institutions around the city, representing approximately 8.5% of the whole inhabitants. This rate is one of the highest in Argentina. In Rosario, nearly 15% of the population benefits from higher education degrees, or have undergone at least some University studies sometime.
Rosario has private colleges, as the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina
Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina
The Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina is a university in Argentina with campus in the cities of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Rosario, Paraná, Mendoza and Pergamino. The main campus is located in Puerto Madero, one of the most modern neighborhood of Buenos Aires...
(UCA), the Austral University, the University of the Latin American Educational Center
University of the Latin American Educational Center
The University of the Latin American Educational Center is a for-profit private university based in Rosario, Argentina. Established in 1993, it was the first Methodist-related university in Argentina, and the first independent degree-granting university in Rosario.The origin of this institution can...
(UCEL), the Interamerican Open University
Interamerican Open University
The Interamerican Open University is a private university in Argentina. Its main seat and rectorate is located in Buenos Aires...
(UAI), the Italian University of Rosario (IUNIR), the San Martin University and the University of Concepcion del Uruguay which are private institutions.
Language
Rosario is one of the main urban centers of the Rioplatense SpanishRioplatense Spanish
Rioplatense Spanish or River Plate Spanish is a dialectal variant of the Spanish language spoken mainly in the areas in and around the Río de la Plata basin of Argentina and Uruguay, and also in Rio Grande do Sul, although features of the dialect are shared with the varieties of Spanish spoken...
dialect. The intra-dialectal differences with Buenos Aires and other cities in the same area are minimal, though rosarinos aspirate and suppress their final -s more than porteño
Porteño
Porteño in Spanish is used to refer to a person who is from or lives in a port city, but it can also be used as an adjective for anything related to those port cities....
s, and there are also minor lexical
Lexicon
In linguistics, the lexicon of a language is its vocabulary, including its words and expressions. A lexicon is also a synonym of the word thesaurus. More formally, it is a language's inventory of lexemes. Coined in English 1603, the word "lexicon" derives from the Greek "λεξικόν" , neut...
variants.
The city has a local language game
Language game
A language game is a system of manipulating spoken words to render them incomprehensible to the untrained ear. Language games are used primarily by groups attempting to conceal their conversations from others...
, sometimes employed as slang
Slang
Slang is the use of informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker's language or dialect but are considered more acceptable when used socially. Slang is often to be found in areas of the lexicon that refer to things considered taboo...
, called Rosarigasino
Rosarigasino
Rosarigasino is a language game traditionally associated with the city of Rosario, , even though very few people, if any, currently employ it....
(related to jeringonza
Jeringonza
Jeringonza is a Spanish language game played by children in Spain and all over Latin America. It consists of adding the letter p after each vowel of a word, and repeating the vowel. For example, Carlos turns into Cápar-lopos....
).
Rioplatense Spanish, has intonation patterns that resemble those of Italian dialects, and differ markedly from the patterns of other forms of Spanish. This correlates well with immigration patterns. Argentina had huge numbers of Italian settlers since the 19th century.
According to a study conducted by National Scientific and Technical Research Council
National Scientific and Technical Research Council
The National Scientific and Technical Research Council is an Argentine government agency which directs and co-ordinates most of the scientific and technical research done in universities and institutes....
of Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
, and published in Bilingualism: Language and Cognition (ISSN
International Standard Serial Number
An International Standard Serial Number is a unique eight-digit number used to identify a print or electronic periodical publication. Periodicals published in both print and electronic form may have two ISSNs, a print ISSN and an electronic ISSN...
1366-7289), Rioplatense speakers have an intonation most closely resembling Neapolitan
Neapolitan language
Neapolitan is the language of the city and region of Naples , and Campania. On October 14, 2008 a law by the Region of Campania stated that the Neapolitan language had to be protected....
. The researchers note that this is relatively recent phenomenon, starting in the beginning of the 20th century with the main wave of Southern Italian immigration.
Several languages influenced the Rioplatense Spanish
Rioplatense Spanish
Rioplatense Spanish or River Plate Spanish is a dialectal variant of the Spanish language spoken mainly in the areas in and around the Río de la Plata basin of Argentina and Uruguay, and also in Rio Grande do Sul, although features of the dialect are shared with the varieties of Spanish spoken...
, because of the diversity of settlers and immigrants to Argentina:
- 1870–1890: mainly Spanish, BasqueBasque languageBasque is the ancestral language of the Basque people, who inhabit the Basque Country, a region spanning an area in northeastern Spain and southwestern France. It is spoken by 25.7% of Basques in all territories...
, GalicianGalician languageGalician is a language of the Western Ibero-Romance branch, spoken in Galicia, an autonomous community located in northwestern Spain, where it is co-official with Castilian Spanish, as well as in border zones of the neighbouring territories of Asturias and Castile and León.Modern Galician and...
and Northern Italian speakers and some from France, Germany, and other European countries. - 1910–1945: Again from Spain, Southern Italy and in smaller numbers from across Europe; Jewish immigration, mainly from Russia and Poland from the 1910s until after World War II was also large.
- English speakers, from Britain and IrelandRepublic of IrelandIreland , described as the Republic of Ireland , is a sovereign state in Europe occupying approximately five-sixths of the island of the same name. Its capital is Dublin. Ireland, which had a population of 4.58 million in 2011, is a constitutional republic governed as a parliamentary democracy,...
, were not as great in numbers as the Italians but were influential in industry, business, education and agriculture. In the case of the English immigrants, they were certainly influential within the upper middle class.
Sports
Rosario is the home of the footballFootball (soccer)
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball...
clubs Rosario Central
Rosario Central
Club Atlético Rosario Central is a sports club based in Rosario, Argentina. Its football team currently plays in the Primera B Nacional, the second tier of the Argentine football league system, after being relegated in the 2009-10 season....
(founded 1889) and Newell's Old Boys
Newell's Old Boys
Club Atlético Newell's Old Boys is an Argentine sports club based in Rosario. The club was founded on November 3, 1903, and is named after Isaac Newell, one of the pioneers of Argentine football...
(founded 1903). Newell's plays in the Primera División Argentina
Primera División Argentina
The Primera División is a professional football league in Argentina. It is the country's premier football division and is at the top of the Argentine football league system. Contested by twenty clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the Primera B Nacional. The season runs...
and Central descended to the First "B" in 2010 for the fourth time in history, and will play in the Primera B Nacional on the 2010/2011 season after losing the playoffs against All Boys. Central has won 4 National championships (in 1971, 1973, 1980 and in 1987) and one international title: the Conmebol Cup (currently known as Copa Sudamericana
Copa Sudamericana
The Copa Bridgestone Sudamericana de Clubes , known simply as the Copa Sudamericana , is an annual international club football competition organized by the CONMEBOL since 2002. It is the second most prestigious club competition in South American football. CONCACAF clubs were invited between 2004...
) in 1995. Newell's has 5 National championships (in 1974, 1988, 1991, 1992 and in 2004). Rosario's other football clubs are Club Atlético Central Córdoba
Club Atlético Central Córdoba
Central Córdoba is a football club in Rosario in Santa Fe Province, Argentina which currently plays in Primera C Metropolitana, the regionalised fourth level of the Argentine Football Association....
, currently playing in Primera C Metropolitana
Primera C Metropolitana
The Primera C is one of the two leagues that form the regionalised fourth level of the Argentine football league system. The other league at level four is the Torneo Argentino B....
, Club Atlético Tiro Federal Argentino
Club Atlético Tiro Federal Argentino
Club Atlético Tiro Federal Argentino is an Argentine sports club from the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, whose football team currently plays in Primera B Nacional Argentina, the Argentine 2nd division.Founded on March 29, 1905, they were one of the founding members of the Rosario amateur...
in Torneo Argentino A
Torneo Argentino A
Zone 1Zone 2-List of champions:European-styled seasonsApertura and Clausura seasonsEuropean-styled seasons-External links:*...
and Argentino de Rosario
Argentino de Rosario
Club Atlético Argentino, commonly known as Argentino de Rosario, is a football club from Rosario in Santa Fe Province, Argentina. The team currently plays in Primera D Metropolitana, which is the regionalised fifth tier of the Argentine Football Association league system.1946 was Argentino's most...
in Primera D Metropolitana
Primera D Metropolitana
The Primera D is one of two leagues that form the regionalised fifth level of the Argentine football league system. The other league at level five is the Torneo Argentino C....
.
It is also the hometown of Argentine internationals Ángel Di María
Ángel Di María
Ángel Fabián di María Hernández is an Argentine footballer who currently plays as a winger for Spanish La Liga club Real Madrid and the Argentine national team...
, Ezequiel Garay
Ezequiel Garay
Ezequiel Marcelo Garay is an Argentine footballer who plays for S.L. Benfica in Portugal, as a central defender.-Early years:...
, Maxi Rodríguez, Cesar Delgado
César Delgado
César Fabián Delgado Godoy is an Argentine footballer. He plays for Monterrey. His nickname "El Chelito" is derived from that of Marcelo Delgado because of their same last name.-Career:...
, Ezequiel Lavezzi
Ezequiel Lavezzi
Ezequiel Iván Lavezzi , nicknamed "El Pocho", is an Argentine football striker of Italian descent, who currently plays for Italian Serie A club Napoli and the Argentine national team.-Atlético Estudiantes:...
, Éver Banega
Éver Banega
Éver Maximiliano David Banega is an Argentine professional footballer who plays for Valencia CF in Spain, mainly as a central midfielder.-Boca Juniors:...
, Lionel Messi
Lionel Messi
Lionel Andrés "Leo" Messi is an Argentine footballer who plays for FC Barcelona and captains the Argentina national team, mainly as a striker. Messi received several Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year nominations by the age of 21, and won in 2009 and 2010...
and Luciana Aymar.
Rosario is also the second choice site for Argentine
Argentina national rugby union team
The Argentina national rugby team, nicknamed Los Pumas, represents Argentina in international rugby union matches. The team, which plays in sky blue and white jerseys, is organised by the Argentine Rugby Union .Argentina played its first international rugby match in 1910 against a touring British...
rugby
Rugby union
Rugby union, often simply referred to as rugby, is a full contact team sport which originated in England in the early 19th century. One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand...
tests, after Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the second-largest metropolitan area in South America, after São Paulo. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent...
. Famous rugby clubs from the city include Club Atlético del Rosario
Club Atlético del Rosario
Club Atlético del Rosario is a sports club from Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. The sports currently practised at the club are rugby union, field hockey, cricket and tennis.-History:...
– one of the four UAR
Unión Argentina de Rugby
The Argentine Rugby Union ) is the governing body for rugby union in Argentina. It is a member of the International Rugby Board with a seat on that body's Executive Council....
founding clubs – and also Jockey Club de Rosario
Jockey Club de Rosario (rugby)
Jockey Club de Rosario is a rugby union team based in Rosario, Argentina, part of the Jockey Club de Rosario sports club. The tem is member of the Unión de Rugby de Rosario and also one of the most successful teams in Rosario, along with Atlético del Rosario and Duendes.-Titles:*Nacional de Clubes:...
and Duendes Rugby Club
Duendes Rugby Club
Duendes Rugby Club, is a sports club from Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. Although field hockey is the other sport practised, Duendes is more popularly known for its rugby union team.-Rugby:...
, both former winners of the Nacional de Clubes
Nacional de Clubes
Nacional de Clubes is a club rugby union competition in Argentina. Originally, the competition involved 16 teams from most provincial unions. From 2009, the competition was reduced to only 4 teams, 2 from the Torneo del Interior and 2 from the Buenos Aires tournament.-1993 to 2008:From 1993 to...
title.
Rosario has major women's hockey tournament.
Events
- Festival Latinoamericano de Video RosarioFestival Latinoamericano de Video RosarioThe Festival Latinoamericano de Video Rosario is a cultural event celebrated annually, since 1994, in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina....
(Rosario Latin American Video Festival). Annual event (September), starting in 1994. - Encuentro Internacional de Escultura en Madera-Piedra-Hierro de RosarioEncuentro Internacional de Escultura en Madera-Piedra-Hierro de RosarioThe Encuentro Internacional de Escultura en Madera-Piedra-Hierro de Rosario is an artistic event celebrated every year, since 1993, in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina...
(International Meeting of Wood-Stone-Iron Sculpture in Rosario). Annual event (September/October), since 1993. - Encuentro y Fiesta Nacional de ColectividadesEncuentro y Fiesta Nacional de Colectividades (Rosario, Argentina)The Communities Meeting and National Celebration is a cultural event celebrated annually in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina, since 1985....
(Communities Meeting and National Celebration). Annual event, starting in 1985, showcasing music, song, dance, cuisine and customs of foreign communities in Argentina, in the ample room provided by the Parque Nacional a la Bandera (National Flag Park). Usually held in November; in 2004 it was postponed to the beginning of December in order to avoid overlap with the Third International Congress of the Spanish LanguageThird International Congress of the Spanish LanguageThe Third International Congress of the Spanish Language was a cultural event that took place in Rosario, Argentina, on 17, 18 and 19 November 2004....
. - Festival Internacional de Poesía de Rosario (International Poetry Festival). Annual event since 1993 (November).
- Festival Iberoamericano de Cine de Rosario (Ibero-American Film Festival). Annual event since 2003 (November).
- LeyendasLeyendasLeyendas is a fantasy and science fiction convention focusing on all kinds of comics, cartoons, anime/manga and other popular forms of art, as well as card, strategy and role-playing games, held annually in Rosario, Argentina, since 1999...
("Legends"). A cartoon, role-playing and science fiction convention. Annually since 1999, usually in autumn (April/May), sometimes in spring (November).
Geography
- LatitudeLatitudeIn geography, the latitude of a location on the Earth is the angular distance of that location south or north of the Equator. The latitude is an angle, and is usually measured in degrees . The equator has a latitude of 0°, the North pole has a latitude of 90° north , and the South pole has a...
: parallelCircle of latitudeA circle of latitude, on the Earth, is an imaginary east-west circle connecting all locations that share a given latitude...
s 32º52′18″ and 33º02′22″ South. - LongitudeLongitudeLongitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth's surface. It is an angular measurement, usually expressed in degrees, minutes and seconds, and denoted by the Greek letter lambda ....
: meridianMeridian (astronomy)This article is about the astronomical concept. For other uses of the word, see Meridian.In the sky, a meridian is an imaginary great circle on the celestial sphere. It passes through the north point on the horizon, through the celestial pole, up to the zenith, through the south point on the...
s 60º36′44″ and 60º47′46″ West.
The geographical center is approximately at 32°57′2"S 60°42′15"W (see also other cities on the same latitude).
The city is located on a smoothly undulated plain typical of the Pampa
Pampa
The Pampas are the fertile South American lowlands, covering more than , that include the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires, La Pampa, Santa Fe, Entre Ríos and Córdoba, most of Uruguay, and the southernmost Brazilian State, Rio Grande do Sul...
s, between 22.5 and 24.6 metres above mean sea level
Above mean sea level
The term above mean sea level refers to the elevation or altitude of any object, relative to the average sea level datum. AMSL is used extensively in radio by engineers to determine the coverage area a station will be able to reach...
; the original settlement rests on the ravine
Ravine
A ravine is a landform narrower than a canyon and is often the product of streamcutting erosion. Ravines are typically classified as larger in scale than gullies, although smaller than valleys. A ravine is generally a fluvial slope landform of relatively steep sides, on the order of twenty to...
on the right-hand shore of the Paraná, opposite a group of islands of the Paraná Delta
Paraná Delta
The Paraná Delta is the delta of the Paraná River in Argentina. The Paraná flows north–south and becomes an alluvial basin between the Argentine provinces of Entre Ríos and Santa Fe, then emptying into the Río de la Plata....
which are partly in the jurisdiction of the province of Entre Ríos
Entre Ríos Province
Entre Ríos is a northeastern province of Argentina, located in the Mesopotamia region. It borders the provinces of Buenos Aires , Corrientes and Santa Fe , and Uruguay in the east....
. The nearest city across the river's flood plain (60 km) is Victoria, Entre Ríos
Victoria, Entre Ríos
Victoria is a city in the southwest of the province of Entre Ríos, Argentina. It is located on the eastern shore of the Paraná River, opposite Rosario, Santa Fe, to which it is connected since 2003 by the Rosario-Victoria Bridge .The site of a 1750 defeat of a native uprising and an 1810 oratory to...
, linked to Rosario by the Rosario-Victoria Bridge
Rosario-Victoria Bridge
Rosario-Victoria Bridge is the informal name of the physical connection between the Argentine cities of Rosario and Victoria ....
.
Rosario lies on the ravine
Ravine
A ravine is a landform narrower than a canyon and is often the product of streamcutting erosion. Ravines are typically classified as larger in scale than gullies, although smaller than valleys. A ravine is generally a fluvial slope landform of relatively steep sides, on the order of twenty to...
of the right-hand shore of the Paraná, about 24 m above mean sea level
Above mean sea level
The term above mean sea level refers to the elevation or altitude of any object, relative to the average sea level datum. AMSL is used extensively in radio by engineers to determine the coverage area a station will be able to reach...
, in a place with a natural slope to the low shore. The point of origin of the city is Plaza 25 de Mayo
Plaza 25 de Mayo (Rosario)
Plaza 25 de Mayo is a plaza in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It is Rosario's civic center, and the core of the original settlement. Its name alludes to the date of the May Revolution, which led to the establishment of the first local Argentine government in Buenos Aires...
("May 25
May Revolution
The May Revolution was a week-long series of events that took place from May 18 to 25, 1810, in Buenos Aires, capital of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, a Spanish colony that included roughly the territories of present-day Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay...
Square"), now surrounded by the Municipality (Palacio de los Leones
Palacio de los Leones
Palacio de los Leones is the name of the main municipal building of the city of Rosario, Argentina. The Palace is the seat of the executive branch of the municipal government...
), the Basilica Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary
Basilica Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary
The Cathedral Basilica Shrine of Our Lady of the Rosary is a minor basilica and cathedral dedicated to the local Virgin of the Rosary, in the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It is the motherchurch of the Archdiocese of Rosario....
, the Central Post Office, the Decorative Art Museum
Firma y Odilo Estévez Municipal Decorative Art Museum
Firma y Odilo Estévez Municipal Decorative Art Museum is the former home of the Estévez family in Rosario, Argentina, which was donated to the Municipality of Rosario and turned into a museum....
and a building called La Bola de Nieve ("The Snowball"). Between the Cathedral and the municipal building is Pasaje Juramento ("Oath Passage"), leading to the Flag Memorial. The streets mostly follow a regular checkerboard
Checkerboard
A checkerboard or chequerboard is a board of chequered pattern on which English draughts is played. It is an 8×8 board and the 64 squares are of alternating dark and light color, often red and black....
pattern.
Climate
Pampa
The Pampas are the fertile South American lowlands, covering more than , that include the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires, La Pampa, Santa Fe, Entre Ríos and Córdoba, most of Uruguay, and the southernmost Brazilian State, Rio Grande do Sul...
Humid subtropical climate
Humid subtropical climate
A humid subtropical climate is a climate zone characterized by hot, humid summers and mild to cool winters...
(Köppen climate classification Cwa), and is well known for its changeable weather conditions. The city has average temperatures of 23.4 °C (74.12 degrees Fahrenheit) maximum and 11.6 °C (52.88 degrees Fahrenheit) minimum, and an annual rainfall of 1,038 mm (40.87 in).
Rosario is usually warmer than other mainland Argentine capital cities in the winter. The lowest average on winter is 4.4 °C (40 °F). This is due in part to the city's flat topography, its situation on the Paraná River bank, and the presence of high density of urbanization, have created a microclimate known as urban heat island
Urban heat island
An urban heat island is a metropolitan area which is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas. The phenomenon was first investigated and described by Luke Howard in the 1810s, although he was not the one to name the phenomenon. The temperature difference usually is larger at night...
that often means that the city is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas.
The temperature difference usually is larger at night than during the day and larger in winter than in summer, and is most apparent when winds are weak. However, snowfalls are extremely rare: the most recent occurrence of sleet in the CBD was on 9 July 2007.
During the spring, Rosario commonly enjoys extended periods of mild weather and clear skies. On average, Rosario has an average between 23 °C (73 °F) and 10 °C (50 °F) but occasionally experiences hotter and drier summer days, with maximum temperatures above 35 °C (95 °F) when northerly winds blow dry air from Brazil. The record high temperature is 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) and the record low is -11.1 °C
Broadcasting and communications
As for television, Rosario has two private local channelsTelevision channel
A television channel is a physical or virtual channel over which a television station or television network is distributed. For example, in North America, "channel 2" refers to the broadcast or cable band of 54 to 60 MHz, with carrier frequencies of 55.25 MHz for NTSC analog video and...
, Canal 3
Channel 3 - Rosario
LT83 Canal 3 de Rosario is an Argentine private, over-the-air television station broadcasting from Rosario, province of Santa Fe. Founded on June 10, 1965, it was the third Argentina television station...
and Canal 5
Channel 5 - Rosario
LT84 TV Canal 5 de Rosario is an Argentine television channel broadcasting on channel 5 for the city of Rosario, Province of Santa Fe. As an affiliate of Telefe, its schedule consists of soap operas, movies, local news, entertainment shows and cartoons...
(the latter is part of the national network Telefé
Telefe
Televisión Federal S.A., best known as Telefe and later as TLF, is an Argentine television network. Formerly known as Canal Once , a state-run network, it was privatised and established as Telefe in 1989, when and News Corporation took over the channel...
), and a relay station for the public national station, Canal 7 Argentina
Canal 7 Argentina
Canal Siete, TV Pública or TV Pública Digital is an Argentine television network founded on October 17, 1951. Between 1979 and 1999, the network was known as Argentina Televisora Color . During the 1978 World Cup, it was known as A78TV.Owned, financed and operated by the Argentine State, Canal 7 is...
. Besides, there are three cable TV networks (the national ones Cablevisión and Multicanal, and a local net, Cablehogar), which support two local channels, Canal 4 Noticias and Canal 6.
There are four AM
Amplitude modulation
Amplitude modulation is a technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting information via a radio carrier wave. AM works by varying the strength of the transmitted signal in relation to the information being sent...
radio stations: three private (licensed by the state) ones, LT3 Radio 2 (LT2), and LT8, and one public, Radio Nacional Rosario, property of the national state. Among the multitude (above 200) of FM
Frequency modulation
In telecommunications and signal processing, frequency modulation conveys information over a carrier wave by varying its instantaneous frequency. This contrasts with amplitude modulation, in which the amplitude of the carrier is varied while its frequency remains constant...
stations some notable ones are FM Vida, Estación del Siglo, FM Del Rosario, Cristal FM, Radio Hollywood, Fisherton-CNN, Continental Rosario, Radio 10 Rosario, Radiofónica, Clásica Rosario, etc.
The city has three notable newspapers: La Capital
La Capital
La Capital is a daily Spanish-language newspaper edited and published in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It was founded in 1867 , and it is the oldest Argentine newspaper still in circulation, which has gained it the title of Decano de la Prensa Argentina...
(Argentina's oldest newspaper, founded in 1867, and still published today), Rosario/12
Rosario/12
Rosario/12 is a newspaper based in Rosario, Argentina, which is distributed in the city as a supplement of Buenos Aires-based Página/12. It was founded in 1991.-References:* Online edition:...
(founded in 1991), and El Ciudadano & la Región (founded in 1999).
Optical fiber
An optical fiber is a flexible, transparent fiber made of a pure glass not much wider than a human hair. It functions as a waveguide, or "light pipe", to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber. The field of applied science and engineering concerned with the design and application of...
ring. The main data transport companies offer all their services in the city, from public phones to mobile networks and broadband Internet access
Broadband Internet access
Broadband Internet access, often shortened to just "broadband", is a high data rate, low-latency connection to the Internet— typically contrasted with dial-up access using a 56 kbit/s modem or satellite Internet with inherently high latency....
through DSL
Digital Subscriber Line
Digital subscriber line is a family of technologies that provides digital data transmission over the wires of a local telephone network. DSL originally stood for digital subscriber loop. In telecommunications marketing, the term DSL is widely understood to mean Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ,...
, cable modem
Cable modem
A cable modem is a type of network bridge and modem that provides bi-directional data communication via radio frequency channels on a HFC and RFoG infrastructure. Cable modems are primarily used to deliver broadband Internet access in the form of cable Internet, taking advantage of the high...
and Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi or Wifi, is a mechanism for wirelessly connecting electronic devices. A device enabled with Wi-Fi, such as a personal computer, video game console, smartphone, or digital audio player, can connect to the Internet via a wireless network access point. An access point has a range of about 20...
, and including public Internet navigation centers (cybercafes
Internet cafe
An Internet café or cybercafé is a place which provides internet access to the public, usually for a fee. These businesses usually provide snacks and drinks, hence the café in the name...
).
About 96% of homes have a domestic telephone
Telephone
The telephone , colloquially referred to as a phone, is a telecommunications device that transmits and receives sounds, usually the human voice. Telephones are a point-to-point communication system whose most basic function is to allow two people separated by large distances to talk to each other...
line, giving a total of 472,170 lines; cell phone usage has also become pervasive, as happened in Argentina as a whole since the beginning of the 21st century, reaching over 86% of the residents (866,000 mobile lines in July 2004). This demand, boosted by low prices and sale promotions, and coupled with restrictions on the installation of antennas and alleged lack of investment by the providers, sometimes degrades the quality of the service. Most notably, the mobile network collapsed almost completely in the celebrations of Christmas
Christmas
Christmas or Christmas Day is an annual holiday generally celebrated on December 25 by billions of people around the world. It is a Christian feast that commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ, liturgically closing the Advent season and initiating the season of Christmastide, which lasts twelve days...
, New Year's Day
New Year's Day
New Year's Day is observed on January 1, the first day of the year on the modern Gregorian calendar as well as the Julian calendar used in ancient Rome...
and Friend's Day
Día del Amigo
Día del Amigo is a celebration of friendship, held annually on July 20 in South American countries Argentina and Uruguay and on July 30 on Paraguay.-History:...
in 2004 and 2005.
Twin cities
Rosario has a number of Twin citiesTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
around the world. Sisterhood agreements are intended to foster solidarity and collaboration between cities and regions that share historical links or common characteristics.
Santa Cruz de la Sierra
Santa Cruz de la Sierra
Santa Cruz de la Sierra, commonly known as Santa Cruz, is the capital of the Santa Cruz department in eastern Bolivia and the largest city in the country...
, Bolivia Alessandria
Alessandria
-Monuments:* The Citadel * The church of Santa Maria di Castello * The church of Santa Maria del Carmine * Palazzo Ghilini * Università del Piemonte Orientale-Museums:* The Marengo Battle Museum...
, Italy Asunción
Asunción
Asunción is the capital and largest city of Paraguay.The "Ciudad de Asunción" is an autonomous capital district not part of any department. The metropolitan area, called Gran Asunción, includes the cities of San Lorenzo, Fernando de la Mora, Lambaré, Luque, Mariano Roque Alonso, Ñemby, San...
, Paraguay Bilbao
Bilbao
Bilbao ) is a Spanish municipality, capital of the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country. With a population of 353,187 , it is the largest city of its autonomous community and the tenth largest in Spain...
, Spain Caracas
Caracas
Caracas , officially Santiago de León de Caracas, is the capital and largest city of Venezuela; natives or residents are known as Caraquenians in English . It is located in the northern part of the country, following the contours of the narrow Caracas Valley on the Venezuelan coastal mountain range...
, Venezuela Dakar
Dakar
Dakar is the capital city and largest city of Senegal. It is located on the Cap-Vert Peninsula on the Atlantic coast and is the westernmost city on the African mainland...
, Senegal Haifa
Haifa
Haifa is the largest city in northern Israel, and the third-largest city in the country, with a population of over 268,000. Another 300,000 people live in towns directly adjacent to the city including the cities of the Krayot, as well as, Tirat Carmel, Daliyat al-Karmel and Nesher...
, Israel Imperia, Italy Manizales
Manizales
Manizales is a city and municipality in central Colombia, capital of Department of Caldas and part of the region of Colombian Coffee-Growers Axis, near the Nevado del Ruiz volcano....
, Colombia Montevideo
Montevideo
Montevideo is the largest city, the capital, and the chief port of Uruguay. The settlement was established in 1726 by Bruno Mauricio de Zabala, as a strategic move amidst a Spanish-Portuguese dispute over the platine region, and as a counter to the Portuguese colony at Colonia del Sacramento...
, Uruguay Zahlé
Zahlé
Zahlé is the capital and largest city of Beqaa Governorate, Lebanon. With around 50,000 inhabitants, it is the fourth largest city in Lebanon, after Beirut, Tripoli and Jounieh...
, Lebanon Monterrey
Monterrey
Monterrey , is the capital city of the northeastern state of Nuevo León in the country of Mexico. The city is anchor to the third-largest metropolitan area in Mexico and is ranked as the ninth-largest city in the nation. Monterrey serves as a commercial center in the north of the country and is the...
, Mexico Piraeus
Piraeus
Piraeus is a city in the region of Attica, Greece. Piraeus is located within the Athens Urban Area, 12 km southwest from its city center , and lies along the east coast of the Saronic Gulf....
, Greece Pisco
Pisco, Peru
Pisco is a city located in the Ica Region of Peru, the capital of the Pisco Province. The city is around 9 metres above sea level. Originally the villa of Pisco was founded in 1640, close to the indigenous emplacement of the same name...
, Peru Porto Alegre
Porto Alegre
Porto Alegre is the tenth most populous municipality in Brazil, with 1,409,939 inhabitants, and the centre of Brazil's fourth largest metropolitan area . It is also the capital city of the southernmost Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. The city is the southernmost capital city of a Brazilian...
, Brazil Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
, People's Republic of China Toulouse
Toulouse
Toulouse is a city in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern FranceIt lies on the banks of the River Garonne, 590 km away from Paris and half-way between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea...
, France
On July 25, 2006, Rosario offered a charter of sistership to Split
Split (city)
Split is a Mediterranean city on the eastern shores of the Adriatic Sea, centered around the ancient Roman Palace of the Emperor Diocletian and its wide port bay. With a population of 178,192 citizens, and a metropolitan area numbering up to 467,899, Split is by far the largest Dalmatian city and...
, Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
.
See also
- History of RosarioHistory of RosarioThe history of Rosario began on the XVII century, when the Spanish established a settlement in the zone. Rosario lies by the Paraná River, about 300 km upstream from the Argentine capital Buenos Aires; it is a major port and an industrial, commercial and cultural center...
- Port of RosarioPort of RosarioThe Port of Rosario is an inland port and a major goods-shipping center of Argentina, located in the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, on the right-hand shore of the Paraná River, about 550 km upstream from the Atlantic Ocean.-Overview:...
- Geography of RosarioGeography of RosarioThis article is about the geography and urban structure of Rosario, which is the largest city of the , and the third most populous in the country, after Córdoba and Buenos Aires. It is located about 300 km north of Buenos Aires, on the Western shore of the Paraná River, and it has about 910,000...
- Government of RosarioGovernment of RosarioThis article is about the government of Rosario, the third most populated city in Argentina, and the largest in the province of Santa Fe. Rosario has about 910,000 inhabitants and is located on the western shore of the Paraná River....
- Districts of RosarioDistricts of RosarioThe districts of the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina are administrative divisions created to decentralise the workings of the municipal government....
- Parana River steamersParaná River steamersThe Paraná River is the second longest river in South America. Rising in Brazil, the river wends from the coastal mountains through tributaries and travels over Iguazu Falls 3000 miles into Paraguay, Argentina and the Rio de la Plata at Uruguay. The river allowed for transport and exploration of...
External links
- Municipality of Rosario (official website)
- Rosario Cursos y Congresos Courses and Congresses in Rosario
- 360º Rosario Virtual Tour Virtual tour around Rosario with 360º panoramas
- RosarioCity (commercial website of Rosario city and its region)
- Rosariocomercio.com.ar (commercial guide of Rosario) Ente de Turismo Rosario (tourism office)
- National University of Rosario
- Night life and entertainment
- Rosario Alternativo Short stories for the learned traveller Administrative Entity of the Port of Rosario (ENAPRO) Rosario Board of Trade (Bolsa de Comercio de Rosario)
- RosarioLinks (web directory)
- La Capital (online newspaper)
- El Ciudadano & la Región (online newspaper)
- Rosario.com.ar (Information to Greater Rosario)
- Rosario crece con el Puerto de la Música(online newspaper)
- RosarioMIX.com (online newspaper)