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Romanticism largely began as a reaction against the prevailing Enlightenment
Age of Enlightenment

The Age of Enlightenment or The Enlightenment is a term used to describe a time in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the eighteenth century, in which rationalism was advocated as the primary source and legitimacy for authority....
 ideals of the day. Inevitably, the characterization of a broad range of contemporaneous poets and poetry under the single unifying name can be viewed more as an exercise in historical compartmentalization than an actual attempt to capture the essence of the actual ‘movement’. Indeed, the term “Romanticism” did not arise until the Victorian
Victorian era

The Victorian Era of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the period of Victoria of the United Kingdom reign from June 1837 to January 1901....
 period.






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Romanticism largely began as a reaction against the prevailing Enlightenment
Age of Enlightenment

The Age of Enlightenment or The Enlightenment is a term used to describe a time in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the eighteenth century, in which rationalism was advocated as the primary source and legitimacy for authority....
 ideals of the day. Inevitably, the characterization of a broad range of contemporaneous poets and poetry under the single unifying name can be viewed more as an exercise in historical compartmentalization than an actual attempt to capture the essence of the actual ‘movement’. Indeed, the term “Romanticism” did not arise until the Victorian
Victorian era

The Victorian Era of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the period of Victoria of the United Kingdom reign from June 1837 to January 1901....
 period. Nonetheless, poets such as William Wordsworth
William Wordsworth

William Wordsworth was a major England Romantic poetry poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romanticism in English literature with the 1798 joint publication Lyrical Ballads....
 were actively engaged in trying to create a new kind of poetry that emphasized intuition over reason and the pastoral
Pastoral

Pastoral, as an adjective, refers to the lifestyle of shepherds and pastoralists, moving livestock around larger areas of land according to seasons and availability of water and food....
 over the urban
Urban area

An urban area is an area with an increased Population density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be city, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages and hamlet ....
, often eschewing classical forms and language in an effort to use ‘real’ language. Romantic poetry referred to the natural aspects of the world, focussing on the feelings of sadness and great loss/grief.

Wordsworth himself in the Preface to his and Coleridge's Lyrical Ballads
Lyrical Ballads

Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems is a collection of poems by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, first published in 1798 and generally considered to have marked the beginning of the English Romantic movement in literature....
 defined good poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings,” though in the same sentence he goes on to clarify this statement by asserting that nonetheless any poem of value must still be composed by a man “possessed of more than usual organic sensibility [who has] also thought long and deeply”. Thus, though many people seize unfairly upon the notion of spontaneity in Romantic Poetry, one must realize that the movement was still greatly concerned with the pain of composition, of translating these emotive responses into the form of Poetry. Indeed, Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Samuel Taylor Coleridge was an England poet, critic and Philosophy who was, along with his friend William Wordsworth, one of the founders of the Romanticism in England and one of the Lake Poets....
, another prominent Romantic poet and critic in his On Poesy or Art sees art as “the mediatress between, and reconciler of nature and man”. Such an attitude reflects what might be called the dominant theme of Romantic Poetry: the filtering of natural emotion through the human mind in order to create art, coupled with an awareness of the duality created by such a process.

English Romanticism of the Age


The movement was, in a sense, formalized with the joint publication by Wordsworth. and Coleridge of Lyrical Ballads
Lyrical Ballads

Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems is a collection of poems by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, first published in 1798 and generally considered to have marked the beginning of the English Romantic movement in literature....
 in 1798. The work emphasized what would become the key tenets of Romanticism, namely the reconciliation of man and nature, along with an attempt to abandon the high language of 18th century English
English literature

The term English literature refers to literature written in the English language, including literature composed in English by writers not necessarily from England; Joseph Conrad was Polish, Robert Burns was Scottish, James Joyce was Irish, Dylan Thomas was Welsh, Edgar Allan Poe was American, Salman Rushdie is Indian, V.S....
 poetry
Poetry

Poetry is a form of literature art in which language is used for its aesthetics and evocative qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its apparent meaning ....
 and to attempt to convey poetic ideas via a common vernacular. Their work is deeply rooted in the tradition established by Edmund Spenser
Edmund Spenser

Edmund Spenser was an important England poet best known for The Faerie Queene, an epic poem celebrating, through fantastical allegory, the Tudor dynasty and Elizabeth I....
 and John Milton
John Milton

John Milton II was an English poet, author, polemicist and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his Epic poetry Paradise Lost and for his treatise condemning censorship, Areopagitica....
. They, along with William Blake
William Blake

William Blake was an English people English poetry, Painting, and printmaker. Largely unrecognized during his lifetime, Blake is now considered a seminal figure in the history of both poetry and the visual arts of the Romanticism....
, John Keats
John Keats

John Keats was an England poetry who became one of the principal poets of the English Romanticism movement during the early nineteenth century....
, Percy Bysshe Shelley
Percy Bysshe Shelley

Percy Bysshe Shelley was one of the major England Romantic poets and is widely considered to be among the finest Lyric poetry in the English language....
, and Lord Byron, believe that they were reviving the true spirit of English poetry by pursuing the "romance" and the sublime that was lost since Milton.

John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and Lord Byron then comprised the latter half of the movement, largely continuing in the same tradition, though deviating slightly into more metaphysical matters.

Perhaps due to the perceived personal nature of Romantic poetry (one which the Romantic Poets themselves are not entirely innocent of encouraging), there has often been a fascination with the lives of the Romantic poets. This view is often reinforced by the imagery conjured up in contemporary discourse because a number of them died before reaching thirty, notably Percy Bysshe Shelley
Percy Bysshe Shelley

Percy Bysshe Shelley was one of the major England Romantic poets and is widely considered to be among the finest Lyric poetry in the English language....
 (29) and John Keats
John Keats

John Keats was an England poetry who became one of the principal poets of the English Romanticism movement during the early nineteenth century....
 (26). This has led to a conflation of the lives of the Romantic poets with the poetry itself.

The "Big Six"

The "Big Six" of English romantic literature pertains to the six figures who are historically supposed to have formed the core of the Romantic movement of late 18th and early 19th century England. The term, though widely used as an easy term for the canon
Western canon

The Western canon is a term used to denote a wiktionary:canon of Western literatures, and, more widely, European classical music and Western art history, that has been the most Power in shaping Western culture....
ical Romantic poets, is just as widely known to be both anachronistic and unduly exclusive. Reconstructing centered around Leigh Hunt
Leigh Hunt

James Henry Leigh Hunt was an England critic, essayist, poet and writer....
. Although chronologically earliest among these writers, William Blake
William Blake

William Blake was an English people English poetry, Painting, and printmaker. Largely unrecognized during his lifetime, Blake is now considered a seminal figure in the history of both poetry and the visual arts of the Romanticism....
 was a relatively late addition to the list; prior to the 1970s, romanticism was known for its "Big Five."

For some critics, the term establishes an artificial context for disparate work and removing that work from its real historical context") at the expense of equally valid themes (particularly those related to politics.)

The six authors are, in order of birth and with an example of their work:
  • William Blake
    William Blake

    William Blake was an English people English poetry, Painting, and printmaker. Largely unrecognized during his lifetime, Blake is now considered a seminal figure in the history of both poetry and the visual arts of the Romanticism....
     - The Marriage of Heaven and Hell
    The Marriage of Heaven and Hell

    The Marriage of Heaven and Hell is a book by the English poet and printmaker William Blake, part of a series of texts written in imitation of biblical books of prophecy, but expressing Blake's own intensely personal Romanticism and revolutionary beliefs....
  • William Wordsworth
    William Wordsworth

    William Wordsworth was a major England Romantic poetry poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romanticism in English literature with the 1798 joint publication Lyrical Ballads....
     - The Prelude
    The Prelude

    The Prelude; or, Growth of a Poet's Mind is an autobiographical, "philosophical" poem in blank verse by the England poet William Wordsworth....
  • Samuel Taylor Coleridge
    Samuel Taylor Coleridge

    Samuel Taylor Coleridge was an England poet, critic and Philosophy who was, along with his friend William Wordsworth, one of the founders of the Romanticism in England and one of the Lake Poets....
     - Rime of the Ancient Mariner
  • George Gordon, Lord Byron - Don Juan
    Don Juan (Byron)

    Don Juan is a long, digressive satiric poem by George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, based on the Don Juan, which Byron reverses, portraying Juan not as a womaniser but someone easily seduced by women....
  • Percy Bysshe Shelley
    Percy Bysshe Shelley

    Percy Bysshe Shelley was one of the major England Romantic poets and is widely considered to be among the finest Lyric poetry in the English language....
     - Prometheus Unbound
  • John Keats
    John Keats

    John Keats was an England poetry who became one of the principal poets of the English Romanticism movement during the early nineteenth century....
     - Ode on a Grecian Urn
    Ode on a Grecian Urn

    Ode on a Grecian Urn is a poem by John Keats written in 1819 and first published in January 1820. It was one of Keats's "Five Great Odes of 1819" which also included Ode on Indolence, Ode on Melancholy, Ode to a Nightingale, and To Autumn....

The "Three Bards"

The term "Three Bards
Three Bards

The Three Bards are the three national poets of Polish literature. Wieszcz means prophet or soothsayer, as the poets included in the group by the literary critics and general population were thought to not only describe the national feelings of Polish society, but also foresee the nation's future....
" (Trzej Wieszczowie) pertains to the three major poets of Romanticism in Polish literature
Polish literature

Polish literature is the literary tradition of Poland. The majority of Polish literature was written in the Polish language, though other languages used in Poland over the centuries have also contributed to Polish literary traditions....
. Word Wieszcz in English means a prophet
Prophet

In religion, a prophet is a person who has claimed to have encountered the supernatural or the Divinity, often one who serves as an intermediary with humanity....
 and is according to a figure of legendary Ukrainian
Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
 bard Wernyhora, so The "Three Bards" were considered as Ralph Waldo Emerson
Ralph Waldo Emerson

Ralph Waldo Emerson was an American essayist, philosopher, poet, and leader of the transcendentalism movement in the early 19th century. His teachings directly influenced the growing New Thought movement of the mid 1800s....
 called it to be "Representative Men" of nation
Nation

A nation is a cultural and social community. In as much as most members never meet each other, yet feel a common bond, it may be considered an imagined community....
s. Moreover, their verses for a long time were considered to be a moral typified, historiosophical and Metaphisical
Metaphysics

Metaphysics investigates principles of reality transcending those of any particular science. cosmology and ontology are traditional branches of metaphysics....
 prophecy according to Christianism
Christianism

Christianism refers to fundamentalism Christianity and/ or Christendom.It may also refer to:* the belief that Christianity is superior to all other religions...
 and ideals of Freedom
Freedom

Freedom may refer to:* Freedom * Freedom , the absence of interference with the sovereignty of an individual by the use of coercion or aggression...
, Love
Love

Love is any of a number of emotions and experiences related to a sense of strong affection and attachment . The word wikt:en:love can refer to a variety of different feelings, states, and attitudes, ranging from generic pleasure to intense interpersonal attraction....
 and Faith
Faith

Faith is the confident belief in the truth of or trustworthiness of a person, idea, or thing. It is also used for a belief, characteristically without proof....
. It was heavy influenced by 1 Corinthians 14: "But everyone who prophesies speaks to men for their strengthening, encouragement and comfort" (1 Cor 14:3).

His memory was Written upon, and deeply, but, because It had long rotted in the dark, my friend Could not read what was written: "We'd better send For God. He will remember and tell us all."
  • Adam Mickiewicz
    Adam Mickiewicz

    Adam Bernard Mickiewicz is generally regarded as the greatest Polish Romanticism poet. He ranks as one of Poland's Three Bards alongside Zygmunt Krasinski and Juliusz Slowacki....
    , Pan Tadeusz
    Pan Tadeusz

    Pan Tadeusz, the full title in English language: Mister Thaddeus, or the Last Foray in Lithuania: a History of the Nobility in the Years 1811 and 1812 in Twelve Books of Verse is an epic poem by the Poland poet, writer and philosopher Adam Mickiewicz....
  • Juliusz Slowacki
    Juliusz Slowacki

    Juliusz Slowacki was a noted Poles Romantic poet, considered to be one of the "Three Bards" of Polish literature. His works often feature elements of Slavic mythology, mysticism, and Orientalism....
    , Kordian
  • Zygmunt Krasinski
    Zygmunt Krasinski

    Count Napoleon Stanislaw Adam Ludwig Zygmunt Krasinski , a Poland count, is traditionally ranked with Adam Mickiewicz and Juliusz Slowacki as one of Poland's Three Bards ? the trio of great Romantic poetry poets who influenced national consciousness during the period of Poland's political bondage....
    , Irydion


Sometimes Cyprian Kamil Norwid or Kornel Ujejski
Kornel Ujejski

Kornel Ujejski , Poland poet, patriot and political writer.He was named "last of the greatest Polish poets of Romanticism".Ujejski was involved in Poland's struggle for independence after partitions of Poland and erased from the map of Europe by neighbouring countries ....
 are called The "Fourth Bard".

Major Romantic poets

  • Armenia
    Armenia

    Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in South Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea....
    : Varand
    Varand

    Varand Varand was honoured as Professor of Armenian Literature by the Gregory the Illuminator University of Etchmiadzin, Armenia in 2001. He translates both Persian classics as well as modern poetry into the Armenian language....
  • Brazil
    Brazil

    Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the List of countries by population country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world....
    : Álvares de Azevedo
    Álvares de Azevedo

    Manuel Ant?nio ?lvares de Azevedo was a writer of Brazilian's romantic second generation, author of short stories, dramas, poetry and essays Brazilian, son of In?cio Manuel ?lvares de Azevedo and Maria Lu?sa Mota Azevedo....
    , Castro Alves
    Castro Alves

    Ant?nio de Castro Alves , more commonly known as Castro Alves , was a Brazilian poet best remembered for his abolitionism and republican poems, and is considered one of the most important Brazilian poets of the 19th century....
    , Casimiro de Abreu
    Casimiro de Abreu

    Casimiro Jos? Marques de Abreu was a famous Brazilian writer. He is one of the best known and most important poets of Brazil. He is best known for his poetry on love of his native land and on romantic love....
    , Gonçalves Dias
  • Denmark
    Denmark

    Denmark is a Scandinavian country in northern Europe and the senior member of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries....
    : Nikolaj Frederik Severin Grundtvig
    Nikolaj Frederik Severin Grundtvig

    Nikolaj Frederik Severin Grundtvig , most often referred to as simply N. F. S. Grundtvig, was a Denmark teacher, writer, poet, philosopher, historian, pastor, and politician....
    , Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger
    Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger

    Adam Gottlob Oehlenschl?ger was a Denmark poet and playwright. He introduced romanticism into Danish literature....
    , Hans Christian Andersen
    Hans Christian Andersen

    Hans Christian Andersen , also known as simply H. C. Andersen ); was a Denmark author and poet, most famous for his fairy tales. Among his best-known stories are "The Steadfast Tin Soldier", "The Snow Queen", "The Little Mermaid", "Thumbelina", "The Little Match Girl", "The Ugly Duckling" and "The Red Shoes "....
    , Sřren Kierkegaard
    Sřren Kierkegaard

    S?ren Aabye Kierkegaard was a prolific 19th century Denmark philosopher and theologian. Kierkegaard strongly criticised both the Hegelianism of his time, and what he saw as the empty ceremony of the Church of Denmark....
  • England
    England

    native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
    : William Blake
    William Blake

    William Blake was an English people English poetry, Painting, and printmaker. Largely unrecognized during his lifetime, Blake is now considered a seminal figure in the history of both poetry and the visual arts of the Romanticism....
    , George Gordon Byron, Samuel Taylor Coleridge
    Samuel Taylor Coleridge

    Samuel Taylor Coleridge was an England poet, critic and Philosophy who was, along with his friend William Wordsworth, one of the founders of the Romanticism in England and one of the Lake Poets....
    , Percy Shelley, William Wordsworth
    William Wordsworth

    William Wordsworth was a major England Romantic poetry poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romanticism in English literature with the 1798 joint publication Lyrical Ballads....
    , John Keats
    John Keats

    John Keats was an England poetry who became one of the principal poets of the English Romanticism movement during the early nineteenth century....
  • France
    France

    France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
    : Alphonse de Lamartine
    Alphonse de Lamartine

    Alphonse Marie Louis de Prat de Lamartine was a France writer, poet and politician.Born in M?con, Burgundy into French provincial nobility, he spent his youth at the family property at Milly-Lamartine....
    , Victor Hugo
    Victor Hugo

    Victor-Marie Hugo was a France poet, playwright, novelist, essayist, visual artist, statesman, human rights activist and exponent of the Romanticism movement in France....
    , Théophile Gautier
    Théophile Gautier

    Pierre Jules Th?ophile Gautier was a French poet, dramatist, novelist, journalist, and literary critic.While an ardent defender of Romanticism, Gautier's work is difficult to classify and remains a point of reference for many subsequent literary traditions such as Parnassian poets, Symbolism, decadent movement and Modernism....
    , Alfred de Musset
    Alfred de Musset

    Alfred Louis Charles de Musset-Pathay was a France dramatist, poet, and novelist.Along with his poetry, he is known for writing La Confession d'un enfant du si?cle from 1836....
    , Charles Baudelaire
    Charles Baudelaire

    Charles Pierre Baudelaire was a nineteenth century French poetry, critic and translator. A controversial figure in his lifetime, Baudelaire's name has become a byword for literary and artistic Decadent movement....
  • Georgia
    Georgia (country)

    Georgia is a transcontinental country in the Caucasus region, located at the dividing line between Europe and Asia. It is bordered by the Russia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, Armenia to the south, and Turkey to the southwest....
    : Nikoloz Baratashvili
    Nikoloz Baratashvili

    Nik'oloz Baratashvili was a Georgia poet, one of the first Georgians to marry a modern nationalism with European Romanticism and to introduce "Europeanism" into Georgian literature....
  • Germany
    Germany

    Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
    : Novalis
    Novalis

    Novalis was the pseudonym of Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg , an author and philosopher of early German Romanticism....
    , Heinrich von Kleist
    Heinrich von Kleist

    Bernd Heinrich Wilhelm von Kleist was a German poet, dramatist, novelist and short story writer. The Kleist Prize, a prestigious prize for German literature, is named after him....
    , Clemens Brentano
    Clemens Brentano

    Clemens Brentano, or Klemens Brentano was a German language poet and novelist....
    , Joseph von Eichendorff, Achim von Arnim
  • Hungary
    Hungary

    Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....
    : Sándor Petofi
    Sándor Petofi

    S?ndor Petofi was a national poet of Hungary, author of the Nemzeti dal and a key figure in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848....
  • Ireland
    Ireland

    Ireland is the List of islands by area in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the north-west of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islet....
    : Thomas Moore
    Thomas Moore

    Thomas Moore was an Irishman poet, singer, songwriter, and entertainer, now best remembered for the lyrics of The Minstrel Boy and the The Last Rose of Summer....
  • Italy
    Italy

    Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
    : Giacomo Leopardi
    Giacomo Leopardi

    Giacomo Taldegardo Francesco di Sales Saverio Pietro Leopardi was an Italian poet, essayist, philosopher, and philologist....
    , Ugo Foscolo
    Ugo Foscolo

    Ugo Foscolo was a Greece-born Italy writer, revolutionary and poet. On the death of his father, a physician in Split /Spalato, today Croatia , the family removed to Venice, and at the University of Padua Foscolo completed the studies begun at the Dalmatian grammar school....
    , Alessandro Manzoni
    Alessandro Manzoni

    Alessandro Francesco Tommaso Manzoni was an Italy poet and novelist.He is famous for the novel The Betrothed , one of the major works of Italian literature....
  • Poland
    Poland

    Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
    : Three Bards
    Three Bards

    The Three Bards are the three national poets of Polish literature. Wieszcz means prophet or soothsayer, as the poets included in the group by the literary critics and general population were thought to not only describe the national feelings of Polish society, but also foresee the nation's future....
     (Adam Mickiewicz
    Adam Mickiewicz

    Adam Bernard Mickiewicz is generally regarded as the greatest Polish Romanticism poet. He ranks as one of Poland's Three Bards alongside Zygmunt Krasinski and Juliusz Slowacki....
    , Juliusz Slowacki
    Juliusz Slowacki

    Juliusz Slowacki was a noted Poles Romantic poet, considered to be one of the "Three Bards" of Polish literature. His works often feature elements of Slavic mythology, mysticism, and Orientalism....
    , Zygmunt Krasinski
    Zygmunt Krasinski

    Count Napoleon Stanislaw Adam Ludwig Zygmunt Krasinski , a Poland count, is traditionally ranked with Adam Mickiewicz and Juliusz Slowacki as one of Poland's Three Bards ? the trio of great Romantic poetry poets who influenced national consciousness during the period of Poland's political bondage....
    ), Cyprian Kamil Norwid
  • Portugal
    Portugal

    Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic , is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Located in southwestern Europe, Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east....
    : Alexandre Herculano
    Alexandre Herculano

    Alexandre Herculano de Carvalho e Ara?jo , Portugal historian, was born in Lisbon of humble stock, his grandfather having been a foreman stonemason in the royal employ....
    , Almeida Garrett
    Almeida Garrett

    Jo?o Baptista da Silva Leit?o de Almeida Garrett, 1st Viscount of Almeida Garrett, Pronunciation , was a Portugal Romanticism poet, journalist, novelist, dramatist, and Liberalism in Portugal politician and a freemason....
    , António Feliciano de Castilho
    Antonio Feliciano de Castilho

    Ant?nio Feliciano de Castilho, 1st Viscount of Castilho , Portugal man of letters, born at Lisbon.He lost his sight at the age of six, but the devotion of his brother Augusto, and aided by a retentive memory, enabled him to go through his school and university course with success; and he acquired an almost complete mastery of the Latin lan...
  • Romania
    Romania

    Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian Mountains, bordering on the Black Sea....
    : Mihai Eminescu
    Mihai Eminescu

    Mihai Eminescu , was a late Romanticism poet, novelist and journalist. He is the best-known and most influential Romanian language poet. Famous poems include Luceafarul , Oda ?n metru antic , and the five Letters ....
  • Russia
    Russia

    Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
    : Golden Age of Russian Poetry
    Golden Age of Russian Poetry

    Golden Age of Russian Poetry is the name traditionally applied by Russian philologists to the first half of the 19th century. It is also called the Age of Pushkin, after its most significant poet ....
     – Aleksandr Pushkin
    Aleksandr Pushkin

    Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin was a Russian author of the Romanticism era who is considered to be the greatest Russian poet and the founder of modern Russian literature....
    , Mikhail Lermontov
    Mikhail Lermontov

    Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov , , a Russian language Romanticism writer and poet, sometimes called "the poet of the Caucasus", was the most important Russian poet after Alexander Pushkin's death....
    , Fyodor Tyutchev
    Fyodor Tyutchev

    Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev is generally considered the last of three great Romantic poets of Russia, following Alexander Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov....
    , Evgeny Baratynsky
    Evgeny Baratynsky

    Evgeny Abramovich Baratynsky was lauded by Alexander Pushkin as the finest Russia elegiac poet. After a long period when his reputation was on the wane, Baratynsky was rediscovered by Anna Akhmatova and Joseph Brodsky as a supreme poet of thought....
  • Scotland
    Scotland

    conventional_long_name = ScotlandAlba|common_name= Scotland|image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg|flag_width = 130px...
    : Robert Burns
    Robert Burns

    Robert Burns was a poet and a lyricist. He is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland, and is celebrated worldwide. He is the best known of the poets who have written in the Scots language, although much of his writing is also in English and a 'light' Scots dialect, accessible to an audience beyond Scotland....
    , Joanna Baillie
    Joanna Baillie

    Joanna Baillie was a Scottish people poet and dramatist. Baillie was very well-known during her lifetime and, though a woman, intended her plays not for the closet but for the stage....
    , Walter Scott
    Walter Scott

    Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet, was a prolific Scotland historical novelist and poet popular throughout Europe during his time.In some ways Scott was the first English-language author to have a truly international career in his lifetime, with many contemporary readers all over Europe, Australia, and North America....
  • Slovenia
    Slovenia

    Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west, the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north....
    : France Prešeren
    France Prešeren

    France Pre?eren was a Slovene language Romanticism poet. He is considered the Slovenes national poet. Although he was not a particularly prolific author, he inspired virtually all Slovene literature thereafter....
  • Spain
    Spain

    Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
    : Gustavo Adolfo Becquer
    Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer

    Gustavo Adolfo Dom?nguez Bastida, better known as Gustavo Adolfo B?cquer, His best known works are the Rhymes and the Legends, usually published together as Rimas y leyendas....
    , José de Espronceda
    José de Espronceda

    File:Jose de espronceda.jpgJos? de Espronceda, baptised Jos? Ignacio Javier Oriol Encarnaci?n de Espronceda y Delgado was among the most important Spain Spanish Romance literature poets of the 19th century....
    , Rosalía de Castro
    Rosalía de Castro

    Rosal?a Castro de Murgu?a better known as Rosal?a de Castro was a Galician language writer and poet.A native of Santiago de Compostela in the Galicia region of northwest Spain, she wrote in both Galician language and Spanish language....
    , Mariano José de Larra
    Mariano José de Larra

    Mariano Jos? de Larra was a Spain Spanish Romance literature writer noted for satire and perhaps the best prose writer of 19th-century Spain....
    .
  • United States
    United States

    The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
    : Walt Whitman
    Walt Whitman

    Walter Whitman was an United States Poetry of the United States, essayist, journalism, and humanism. He was a part of the transition between Transcendentalism and literary realism, incorporating both views in his works....
    , Edgar Allan Poe
    Edgar Allan Poe

    Edgar Allan Poe was an American poet, Short story writer, Editing and Literary criticism, and is considered part of the American Romanticism. Best known for his tales of Mystery and the macabre, Poe was one of the earliest American practitioners of the short story and is considered the inventor of the Detective fiction genre....
    , Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
    Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

    Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was an United States educator and poet whose works include "Paul Revere's Ride ", The Song of Hiawatha, and "Evangeline"....
    , Ralph Waldo Emerson
    Ralph Waldo Emerson

    Ralph Waldo Emerson was an American essayist, philosopher, poet, and leader of the transcendentalism movement in the early 19th century. His teachings directly influenced the growing New Thought movement of the mid 1800s....
    , Emily Dickinson
    Emily Dickinson

    Emily Elizabeth Dickinson was an American poet. Born in Amherst, Massachusetts to a successful family with strong community ties, she lived a mostly introverted and reclusive life....


Minor Romantic poets

  • Brazil
    Brazil

    Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the List of countries by population country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world....
    : Qorpo Santo, Sousandrade
  • Czech Republic
    Czech Republic

    The Czech Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country borders Poland to the northeast, Germany to the west, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east....
    : Karel Hynek Macha
    Karel Hynek Mácha

    File:Jan Vil?mek - Karel Hynek M?cha.jpgKarel Hynek M?cha was a Czech people Romanticism poet....
  • England
    England

    native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
    : Robert Southey
    Robert Southey

    Robert Southey was an English poet of the Romantic poetry school, one of the so-called "Lake Poets", and Poet Laureate for 30 years from 1813 to his death in 1843....
    , Ebenezer Elliott
    Ebenezer Elliott

    Ebenezer Elliott was an English poet, known as the Corn Law rhymer....
    , James Henry Leigh Hunt, Thomas Chatterton
    Thomas Chatterton

    Thomas Chatterton was an English poet and forgery of pseudo-medieval poetry. Committing suicide by arsenic rather than die of starvation at the young age of 17, he served as an icon of unacknowledged genius for the Romanticisms....
    , John Clare
    John Clare

    John Clare was an England poet, in his time commonly known as "the Northamptonshire Peasant Poet", born the son of a farm labourer at Helpston near Peterborough....
    , Anna Laetitia Barbauld
    Anna Laetitia Barbauld

    Anna Laetitia Barbauld was a prominent eighteenth-century England poet, essayist, and children's literature.A "woman of letters" who published in multiple genres, Barbauld had a successful writing career at a time when female professional writers were rare....
    , Lady Anne Lindsay, Charlotte Turner Smith
    Charlotte Turner Smith

    File:CharlotteSmith.jpgCharlotte Turner Smith was an England poet and novelist. She initiated a revival of the English sonnet, helped establish the conventions of Gothic fiction, and wrote political Sensibility....
    , Henry Kirke White
    Henry Kirke White

    Henry Kirke White was an England poet.He was born at Nottingham, the son of a butcher, a trade for which he was himself intended. After being briefly apprenticed to a stocking-weaver, he was articled to a lawyer....
    , George Crabbe
    George Crabbe

    George Crabbe was an England poet and natural history....
  • France
    France

    France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
    : Alfred de Vigny
    Alfred de Vigny

    Alfred Victor de Vigny was a French poet, playwright, and novelist.LifeAlfred de Vigny was born in Loches into an aristocratic family....
    , Gerard de Nerval
    Gérard de Nerval

    G?rard de Nerval was the nom-de-plume of the France poet, essayist and translator G?rard Labrunie, one of the most essentially Romanticism French poets....
    , Leconte de Lisle
  • Georgia
    Georgia (country)

    Georgia is a transcontinental country in the Caucasus region, located at the dividing line between Europe and Asia. It is bordered by the Russia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, Armenia to the south, and Turkey to the southwest....
    : Alexander Chavchavadze
    Alexander Chavchavadze

    Prince Alexander Chavchavadze was a notable Georgia poet, public benefactor and military figure. Regarded as the "father of Georgian romanticism," he was also known as a preeminent aristocrat of Georgia and a talented general in the Imperial Russian service....
    , Grigol Orbeliani
    Grigol Orbeliani

    Grigol Orbeliani was a Georgia Romanticist poet and soldier in the Russian Empire service. One of the most colorful figures in the 19th-century Georgian culture, Orbeliani is noted for his patriotic poetry, lamenting Georgia's lost past and independent monarchy....
    , Vakhtang Orbeliani
    Vakhtang Orbeliani

    Vakhtang Orbeliani was a Georgia Romanticist poet and soldier in the Imperial Russian service, of the noble House of Orbeliani.Vakhtang Orbeliani was born in Tiflis , then under Imperial Russian rule, to Prince Vakhtang Orbeliani and Princess Tekle Bagrationi, a beloved daughter of the penultimate Georgian king Erekle II....
  • Germany
    Germany

    Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
    : Gottfried August Bürger, Ludwig Tieck
    Ludwig Tieck

    Johann Ludwig Tieck was a German language poet, translator, editing, novelist, and critic, who was part of the Romanticism of the late 18th and early 19th centuries....
  • Hungary
    Hungary

    Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....
    : Mihály Vörösmarty
    Mihály Vörösmarty

    Mih?ly V?r?smarty , Hungarians poet, was born at Puszta-Ny?k, of a nobility Roman Catholic family.His father was a steward of the N?dasdys. Mih?ly was educated at Sz?kesfeh?rv?r by the Cistercians and at Pest by the Piarists....
  • Iceland
    Iceland

    Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland , is an island country located in the North Atlantic Ocean between mainland Europe and Greenland....
    : Jónas Hallgrímsson
    Jónas Hallgrímsson

    J?nas Hallgr?msson was an Icelandic poet and author. He was one of the founding members of the Icelandic magazine Fj?lnir, which was first published in Copenhagen in 1835....
  • Ireland
    Ireland

    Ireland is the List of islands by area in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the north-west of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islet....
    : James Clarence Mangan
    James Clarence Mangan

    James Clarence Mangan, born James Mangan was an Irish poetry....
    , Thomas Davis
    Thomas Osborne Davis (Irish politician)

    Thomas Osborne Davis was a revolutionary Ireland writer who was the chief organizer and poet of the Young Ireland movement....
  • Italy
    Italy

    Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
    : Silvio Pellico
    Silvio Pellico

    Silvio Pellico was an Italy writer, poet, dramatist and patriot....
  • Norway
    Norway

    Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a constitutional monarchy in Northern Europe that occupies the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula....
    : Henrik Arnold Wergeland, Johan Sebastian Cammermeyer Welhaven
  • Poland
    Poland

    Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
    : Kornel Ujejski
    Kornel Ujejski

    Kornel Ujejski , Poland poet, patriot and political writer.He was named "last of the greatest Polish poets of Romanticism".Ujejski was involved in Poland's struggle for independence after partitions of Poland and erased from the map of Europe by neighbouring countries ....
    , Antoni Malczewski
    Antoni Malczewski

    Antoni Malczewski was an influential Polish romanticism poet, known for his only work, "a narrative poem of dire pessimism", Maria .At the times, prominent and scandalizing was his romance with married woman, Zofia Rucinska, who suffered from mental illness....
    , Tomasz Zan
    Tomasz Zan

    Tomasz Zan , was a Polish poet and activist.In 1817 he was a cofounder of the Philomatic Association , in 1820, Radiant Association , in 1820-1823 president of Filaret Association , all of them student organizations in Vilna dedicated to Polish cultural and political activities....
    , Wincenty Pol
    Wincenty Pol

    Wincenty Pol was a Poland poet and geographer....
    , Seweryn Goszczynski
    Seweryn Goszczynski

    Seweryn Goszczynski was a Polish language Romanticism prose writer and poet.Goszczynski did not receive a thorough education because his parents were not well off....
    , Wladyslaw Syrokomla
    Wladyslaw Syrokomla

    Wladyslaw Syrokomla was a pseudonym of Ludwik Wladyslaw Kondratowicz , a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth poet, writer and translator.Syrokomla was born September 29, 1823 in the village of Smolh?w in what is now Belarus, to an impoverished szlachta family....
  • Portugal
    Portugal

    Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic , is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Located in southwestern Europe, Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east....
    : Almeida Garrett
    Almeida Garrett

    Jo?o Baptista da Silva Leit?o de Almeida Garrett, 1st Viscount of Almeida Garrett, Pronunciation , was a Portugal Romanticism poet, journalist, novelist, dramatist, and Liberalism in Portugal politician and a freemason....
    , Alexandre Herculano
    Alexandre Herculano

    Alexandre Herculano de Carvalho e Ara?jo , Portugal historian, was born in Lisbon of humble stock, his grandfather having been a foreman stonemason in the royal employ....
  • Russia
    Russia

    Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
    : Vasily Zhukovsky
    Vasily Zhukovsky

    Vasily Andreyevich Zhukovsky was the foremost Russian poet of the 1810s.He is credited with introducing the Romanticism to Russian literature....
    , Konstantin Batyushkov
    Konstantin Batyushkov

    Konstantin Nikolayevich Batyushkov was an important precursor of Alexander Pushkin in Russian poetry.Batyushkov was brought up in the house of his uncle Mikhail Muravyov, who was reputed for his light and humorous poetry....
  • Spain
    Spain

    Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
    : José de Espronceda
    José de Espronceda

    File:Jose de espronceda.jpgJos? de Espronceda, baptised Jos? Ignacio Javier Oriol Encarnaci?n de Espronceda y Delgado was among the most important Spain Spanish Romance literature poets of the 19th century....
    , Ramón de Campoamor
  • Scotland
    Scotland

    conventional_long_name = ScotlandAlba|common_name= Scotland|image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg|flag_width = 130px...
    : James Macpherson
    James Macpherson

    James Macpherson was a Scottish poet, known as the "translator" of the Ossian cycle of poems....
    , William Knox
    William Knox

    William Knox may refer to:*William Knox , also journalist*William Dunn Knox , Australian artist*William Shadrach Knox , American Congressman - Massachusetts...
    , James Hogg
    James Hogg

    James Hogg was a Scotland poet and novelist who wrote in both Scots language and English language....
  • Sudan
    Sudan

    Sudan is a country in northeastern Africa. It is the largest in the African continent and the Arab World, and List of countries and outlying territories by total area by area....
    : Rashad Hashim
    Rashad Hashim

    Rashad "Boulder Fist" Hashim is a famous Sudanese Romantic Poet. Born in England, London 1902, Hashim was influenced by a number of poets such as John Keats with whom he also shared a similar sense of melancholy....
  • Sweden
    Sweden

    Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic countries on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and it is connected to Denmark by the ?resund Bridge in the south....
    : Erik Johan Stagnelius
    Erik Johan Stagnelius

    Erik Johan Stagnelius was born October 14, 1793 in G?rdsl?sa, on the island ?land, and died on April 3, 1823 in Stockholm. He was a Romantic poetry from Sweden....
  • Ukraine
    Ukraine

    Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
    : Taras Shevchenko
    Taras Shevchenko

    Taras Hryhorovych Shevchenko was a Ukrainians poet, artist and Humanism. His literary heritage is regarded to be the foundation of modern Ukrainian literature and, to a large extent, the modern Ukrainian language....
  • United States
    United States

    The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
    : William Cullen Bryant
    William Cullen Bryant

    William Cullen Bryant was an United States romantic poetry, journalist, and long-time editor of the New York Evening Post....
    , Joseph Rodman Drake
    Joseph Rodman Drake

    Joseph Rodman Drake was an early United States poet....
    , John Greenleaf Whittier
    John Greenleaf Whittier

    John Greenleaf Whittier was an influential American Quaker poet and ardent advocate of the abolition of slavery in the United States. He is usually listed as one of the Fireside Poets....
  • Wales
    Wales

    native_name = Cymru|conventional_long_name = Wales|common_name = Wales|image_flag = Flag of Wales 2.svg|national_motto = ...
    : Iolo Morganwg
    Iolo Morganwg

    Iolo Morganwg...


See also

  • Romanticism
    Romanticism

    Romanticism is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Industrial Revolution....
  • Romance (genre)
    Romance (genre)

    As a literary genre of high culture, romance or chivalric romance refers to a style of heroic prose and Verse narrative that was particularly current in aristocratic literature of Middle Ages and Early Modern Europe, that narrated fantastic stories about the marvellous adventures of a chivalrous, heroic knight, often of super-human ab...