Roman civil wars

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Early Republic

Mid Republic

• First Servile War
  First Servile War
  
  The First Servile War of 135 BC?132 BC was an unsuccessful slave uprising against the Roman Republic on the island of Sicily, in Enna. It was led by Eunus, a former slave claiming to be a prophet, and a Cilician "Cleon", his military general....
   (135
  135 BC
  
  Events...
  –132 BC), on Sicily - Roman victory.
• Second Servile War
  Second Servile War
  
  The Second Servile War was an unsuccessful slave uprising against the Roman Republic on the island of Sicily. The war lasted from 104 BC until 100 BC....
   (104
  104 BC
  
  Events...
  –103 BC), between Rome and a slave insurrection on Sicily - Roman victory.

Late Republic

• Social War (91
  91 BC
  
  Year 91 BC was a year of the Roman calendar....
  –88 BC), between Rome and the Italian nations - Roman victory.
• Sulla's first civil war
  Sulla's first civil war
  
  Sulla's first civil war was one of a series of civil wars in Roman civil wars, between Gaius Marius and Sulla, between 88 and 87 BC....
   (88
  88 BC
  
  Year 88 BC was a year of the Roman calendar....
  –87 BC), between Lucius Cornelius Sulla's
  Lucius Cornelius Sulla
  
  Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix , or simply Sulla, was a Roman general and politician, holding the office of consul twice as well as the Roman dictator....
   supporters and Gaius Marius
  Gaius Marius
  
  Gaius Marius was a Roman Republic general and politician elected consul an unprecedented seven times during his career. He was also noted for his dramatic Marian Reforms of Roman legion, authorizing recruitment of landless citizens and reorganizing the structure of the legions into separate Cohort ....
  ' forces - victory to Sulla.
• Sertorius' revolt in Hispania (83
  83 BC
  
  Year 83 BC was a year of the Roman calendar....
  –72 BC), between Rome and the provinces of Hispania
  Hispania
  
  Hispania was the name given by the Ancient Rome to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula . When Rome was a Roman Republic, Hispania was divided into Roman provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior....
   under the leadership of Sertorius - Roman victory.
• Sulla's second civil war
  Sulla's second civil war
  
  Sulla's second civil war was one of a series of Roman Republican civil warss of ancient Rome. It was fought between Lucius Cornelius Sulla and Gaius Marius the younger in 82 BC....
   (82
  82 BC
  
  Year 82 BC was a year of the Roman calendar....
  –81 BC), between Sulla and Marius' supporters - Sullan victory.
• Third Servile War
  Third Servile War
  
  The Third Servile War, also called the Gladiator War and The War of Spartacus by Plutarch, was the last of a series of unrelated and unsuccessful slave rebellions against the Roman Republic, known collectively as the Servile Wars....
   (73
  73 BC
  
  Year 73 BC was a year of the Roman calendar....
  –71 BC), between Rome and a slave insurrection in Italy led by Spartacus
  Spartacus
  
  Spartacus , according to Roman historians, was a slave and gladiator who became the leader in the somewhat successful slave uprising against the Roman Republic known as the Third Servile War....
   - Roman victory.
• Catiline Conspiracy (63
  63 BC
  
  Year 63 BC was a year of the Roman calendar....
  –62 BC), between the Senate and the dissatisfied followers of Lucius Sergius Catilina - Senatorial victory.
• Caesar's civil war
  Caesar's civil war
  
  The Roman civil war of 49 BC, sometimes called Caesar's Civil War, is one of the last conflicts within the Roman Republic. It was a series of political and military confrontations between Julius Caesar, his political supporters, and his Roman legion, against the traditionalist conservative faction in the Roman Senate, sometimes known as the O...
   (49
  49 BC
  
  Year 49 BC was a year of the Roman calendar....
  –45 BC), between Julius Caesar
  Julius Caesar
  
  'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....
   and the optimates
  Optimates
  
  Optimates were the pro-aristocratic faction of the later Roman Republic. They wished to limit the power of the Roman assemblies and the Tribunes, and to extend the power of the Roman Senate, which was viewed as more dedicated to the interests of the aristocrats....
   (conservative republicans), initially led by Pompey
  Pompey
  
  Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, commonly known as Pompey /'p?mpi/, Pompey the Great or Pompey the Triumvir , was a distinguished military and political leader of the late Roman Republic....
   - Caesarean victory.
• Post-Caesarian civil war (44 BC), between the Senate
  Roman Senate
  
  The Senate of the Roman Republic was a political institution in the ancient Roman Republic. According to the Greek historian Polybius, our principal source on the Constitution of the Roman Republic, the Roman Senate was the predominant branch of government....
   army (led first by Cicero
  Cicero
  
  Marcus Tullius Cicero was a Ancient Rome philosopher, statesman, lawyer, political theorist, and Constitution of the Roman Republic. Cicero is widely considered one of Rome's greatest rhetoric and prose stylists....
   and then by Octavian) and the army of Antony
  Antony
  
  Antony is an English language variant of Anthony . It can refer to:People* Mark Antony, Roman politician and general* Antony Hegarty, the singer and frontman of Antony and the Johnsons...
  , Lepidus, and their colleagues - Truce results in union of forces.
• Liberators' civil war
  Liberators' civil war
  
  The Liberators' civil war was started by the Second Triumvirate to avenge Julius Caesar's murder. The war was fought between the forces of Mark Antony and Augustus against the forces of Caesar's assassins Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus in 42 BC....
   (44
  44 BC
  
  Year 44 BC was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar....
  –42 BC), between the Second Triumvirate
  Second Triumvirate
  
  The Second Triumvirate is the name historians give to the official political alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus , Marcus Aemilius Lepidus , and Mark Antony, formed on 26 November 43 BC with the enactment of the Lex Titia, the adoption of which marked the end of the Roman Republic....
   and the Liberators (Brutus
  Marcus Junius Brutus
  
  File:Portrait Brutus Massimo.jpgMarcus Junius Brutus or Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus, often referred to simply as Brutus, was a Roman Senate of the late Roman Republic....
   and Cassius
  Gaius Cassius Longinus
  
  For other individuals with a similar name, see Cassius Longinus.Gaius Cassius Longinus was a Roman Republic Roman Senate, the prime mover in the conspiracy against Julius Caesar, and the brother in-law of Marcus Junius Brutus....
  , Caesar's assassins) - Triumvirate victory.
• Sicilian revolt
  Sicilian revolt
  
  The Sicilian revolt was a revolution against the Second Triumvirate which occurred between 44 BC and 36 BC. The revolt was led by Sextus Pompeius, and ended in a Triumvirate victory....
   (44
  44 BC
  
  Year 44 BC was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar....
  –36 BC), between the Second Triumvirate
  Second Triumvirate
  
  The Second Triumvirate is the name historians give to the official political alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus , Marcus Aemilius Lepidus , and Mark Antony, formed on 26 November 43 BC with the enactment of the Lex Titia, the adoption of which marked the end of the Roman Republic....
   (particularly Octavian and Agrippa
  Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
  
  Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa was a Roman statesman and general. He was a close friend, son-in-law, lieutenant and minister to Octavian, the future emperor Caesar Augustus....
  ) and Sextus Pompeius
  Sextus Pompeius
  
  Sextus Pompeius Magnus Pius, in English Sextus Pompey , was a Ancient Rome general from the late Roman Republic . He was the last focus of opposition to the Second Triumvirate....
  , the son of Pompey - Triumvirate victory.
• Fulvia's civil war
  Fulvia's civil war
  
  Fulvia's civil war was a civil war which lasted from 41 to 40 Before Christ. It was fought by Fulvia and Lucius Antonius to support Mark Antony against his political enemy , Octavian....
   (41
  41 BC
  
  Year 41 BC was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar....
  –40 BC), between the forces of Lucius Antonius
  Lucius Antonius
  
  Lucius Antonius may refer to:*Lucius Antonius , the brother of Mark Antony*Lucius Antonius , the grandson of Mark Antony...
   and Fulvia Antonia
  Fulvia
  
  Fulvia was a Ancient Rome woman who lived in the 1st century BC. According to Plutarch, Fulvia had no interest in spinning nor managing a household nor ruling a husband with no ambition for public life; Fulvia wanted to govern or to command and be a commander-in-chief....
   (the younger brother and wife of Mark Antony
  Mark Antony
  
  Marcus Antonius , known in English as Marc Antony, was a Roman Republic politician and General. He was an important supporter and the best friend of Julius Caesar as a military commander and administrator, being Caesar's second cousin, once removed, by his mother Julia Antonia....
  ) and Octavian - Octavian victory.
• Final war of the Roman Republic
  Final war of the Roman Republic
  
  The final war of the Roman Republic, also known as Antony's civil war or the war between Antony and Octavian, was last of the Roman civil wars of the Roman republic, fought between Cleopatra and Augustus....
   (32
  32 BC
  
  Year 32 BC was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar....
  –30 BC), between the Western provinces (under the leadership of Octavian and Agrippa) and the East (under Mark Antony
  Mark Antony
  
  Marcus Antonius , known in English as Marc Antony, was a Roman Republic politician and General. He was an important supporter and the best friend of Julius Caesar as a military commander and administrator, being Caesar's second cousin, once removed, by his mother Julia Antonia....
   and Cleopatra
  Cleopatra VII of Egypt
  
  Cleopatra VII Philopator was a Hellenistic ruler of Egypt, originally sharing power with her father Ptolemy XII Auletes and later with her brothers/husbands Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV; eventually gaining sole rule of Egypt....
  ) - Western victory.

Empire

Augustan interval

Early Empire

Mid Empire

Late Empire