Roman Catholic Diocese of Gurk

The '''Roman Catholic Diocese of Gurk''' ({{lang-la|Dioecesis Gurcensis}}, {{lang-de|Diözese Gurk}}, [[Slovenian language|Slovene]]: ''Krška Škofija'') is a [[diocese]] comprising the [[Austria]]n state of [[Carinthia (state)|Carinthia]] and is part of the [[Ecclesiastical province]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salzburg|Salzburg]]. Due to the presence of [[Carinthian Slovenes]] the Slovenian language is, together with Latin and German, the language of the liturgy in the Southern parts of the diocese. The organizational structures of the diocese are bilingual. ==History== [[Image:Gurk Cathedral.jpg|thumb|Gurk Cathedral]] A [[prince-bishopric]] of Carinthia, [[suffragan]] to the [[Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg]], erected by Archbishop Gebhard of Salzburg, with the authorization of [[Pope Alexander II]] (21 March 1070) and [[Emperor Henry IV]] (4 February 1072). The first bishop installed was Günther von Krapffeld (1072–90). The right of appointment, consecration, and investiture of the Bishop of Gurk was reserved to the Archbishop of Salzburg. The episcopal residence was not at Gurk, but in the neighbouring castle at Strasburg. The boundaries of the diocese were only defined in 1131, by Archbishop Konrad I of Salzburg. Originally the territory embraced was small, but the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Gurk extended beyond the limits of his diocese, inasmuch as he was also [[vicar-general]] of that part of Carinthia under the Archbishop of Salzburg. Under Bishop Roman I (1132–67) the [[cathedral chapter]] obtained the right to elect the bishop, and only after a contest of a hundred years the metropolitan regained the right of appointment. Dissensions did not cease, for later the Austrian sovereign claimed the right of [[investiture]]. Finally, on 25 October 1535, the Archbishop of Salzburg, Matthäus Lang, concluded with the Habsburg house of Austria a long-lasting agreement, according to which the nomination of the Bishop of Gurk is to rest twice in succession with the Sovereign and every third time with the Archbishop of Salzburg; under all circumstances the archbishop was to retain the right of confirmation, consecration and investiture. The diocese received an accession of territory under [[Emperor Joseph II]] in 1775, and again in 1786. The present extent of the diocese, embracing the whole of Carinthia, dates only from the reconstitution of the diocese in 1859. The episcopal residence was transferred in 1787 to the capital of Carinthia, [[Klagenfurt]]. A prominent modern prince-bishop was [[Valentin Wiery]] (1858–80). According to the census of 1906, the Catholic population of the diocese was 369,000, of whom three-fourths German and the rest Slovenes. The 24 deaneries embraced 345 parishes{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}}. The cathedral chapter at Klagenfurt consisted of three mitred dignitaries; five honorary and five stipendiary canons. Among the institutions of religious orders the Benedictine Abbey of St. Paul (founded in 1091; suppressed in 1782; restored in 1807) holds first place. There were also [[Jesuits]] at Klagenfurt and St. Andrä; [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]] at Friesach; [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|Capuchins]] at Klagenfurt and Wolfsberg; [[Franciscans]] at Villach; [[Olivetans]] at Tanzenberg; Servites at Kötsehach; [[Brothers of Mercy]] at St. Veit on the Glan (in charge of an immense hospital founded in 1877); and a number of religious communities of women for the care of the sick and the instruction of youth. The clergy are trained in the episcopal seminary at Klagenfurt, which has been, since 1887, under the direction of the Jesuits. The professors are Benedictines from the Abbey of St. Paul and Jesuits. The education of aspirants to the priesthood is provided for at Klagenfurt, in a preparatory seminary established by Bishop Wiery in 1860 and enlarged by Bishop Kahn. At St. Paul's the Benedictines conduct a private gymnasium with the privileges of a government school. At Klagenfurt there is also a Catholic teachers' seminary under ecclesiastical supervision. Chief among the examples of ecclesiastical architecture, both in point of age and artistic interest, is the cathedral at Gurk, which dates back to the beginnings of the diocese, having been completed about 1220. Also worthy of note are the Gothic cloister of the church at Milstadt and, as monuments of Gothic architecture, the parish churches at St. Leonard in the Lavant-Thal, Heiligenblut, Villach, Völkermarkt, Grades (St. Wolfgang), and Waitschach. One of the largest and most beautiful churches of Carinthia is the recently renovated (1884–90) Dominican church at Friesach. The present cathedral at Klagenfurt was built in 1591 by the Protestants; in 1604 it was acquired by the Jesuits, and consecrated in honour of the Apostles Saints Peter and Paul. [[Image:Maria Saal Dom Suedansicht.jpg|thumb|left|150px|The Maria Saal Cathedral]] Prominent among the places of pilgrimage in the diocese is [[Maria Saal]], visited annually by from 15,000 to 20,000 pilgrims. Among Catholic associations special mention should be made of those for the advancement of the Catholic Press and for the diffusion of good books: for the German population, the St. Joseph's Verein founded at Klagenfurt in 1893, and the St. Joseph's Book Confraternity; for the Slovenes, the St. Hermagoras Verein, established in 1852 (1860), with its headquarters at Klagenfurt, and widely established among Slovenes in other dioceses. ==Special churches== * Former Cathedral: ** Dom Sankt Andrä, [[Sankt Andrä im Lavanttal]], Kärnten ** Wallfahrtskirche Maria Himmelfahrt, [[Maria Saal]], Kärnten * Minor Basilica: ** Maria Luggau, [[Maria Luggau]], Kärnten ==Leadership== * [[Bishop]]s of Gurk (Roman rite) ** Bishop Alois Schwarz (since 2001.05.22) ** Bishop [[Egon Kapellari]] (1981.12.07 – 2001.03.14) ** Bishop [[Josef Köstner]] (1945.06.25 – 1981.04.25) ** Archbishop [[Adam Hefter]] (1914.12.26 – 1939.05.04) ** Archbishop [[Balthasar Kaltner]] (1910.11.03 – 1914.05.25) ** Bishop [[Josef Kahn]] (1887.02.10 – 1910.10.28) ** Bishop [[Peter Funder]] (1881.03.30 – 1886.10.01) ** Bishop [[Valentin Wiery]] (1858.10.30 – 1880.12.29) ** Bishop [[Adalbert Lidmansky]] (1842.05.13 – 1858.07.23) ** Bishop [[Franz Anton Gindl]] (1841.01.23 – 1841.10.24) ** Bishop [[Georg Mayer]] (1827.10.14 – 1840.03.22) ** Bishop [[Jakob Peregrin Paulitsch]] (1824.02.09 – 1827.01.05) ** [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] [[Franziskus Xavier von Salm-Reifferscheidt]] (1783.11.20 – 1822.04.19) ** Cardinal [[Joseph Franz von Paula von Auersperg]] (1772.10.18 – 1783.05.19) ** Archbishop [[Hieronymus Joseph Franz de Paula Graf Colloredo von Wallsee und Mels]] (1761.12.19 – 1772.04.14) ** Bishop [[Josef Maria Reichsgraf von Thun und Hohenstein]] (1741.10.07 – 1762.03.29) ** Bishop [[Jakob Maximilian Reichsgraf von Thun und Hohenstein]] (1709.08.30 – 1741.07.26) ** Bishop [[Otto de la Bourde]] (1697.01.12 – 1708.12.24) ** Cardinal [[Johannes von Goes]] (1675.10.05 – 1696.10.19) ** Bishop [[Polykarp Wilhelm Reichsgraf von Kuenburg]] (1674.02.24 – 1675.07.15) ** Bishop [[Wenzeslaus Reichsgraf von Thun]] (1665.08.10 – 1673.01.08) ** Bishop [[Archduke Sigismund Francis of Austria|Sigmund Franz Erzherzog von Österreich]] (1653.11.02 – 1665.05.28) ** Bishop [[Franz Reichsgraf von Lodron]] (1644.03.05 – 1652.11.30) ** Bishop [[Urban Sagstetter]] (1556.07.03 – 1573.10.13) ** Bishop [[Antonio Hoyos de Salamanca]] (1526.06.25 – 1550) ** Cardinal [[Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg]] (1505.10.06 – 1522.03.11) ** Bishop [[Sixtus von Tannberg]] (1470.04.23 – 1495.07.14) ==Sources== * [http://www.gcatholic.com/dioceses/diocese/gurk0.htm Giga-Catholic Information] * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dgurk.html Catholic Hierarchy] * [http://www.kath-kirche-kaernten.at/ Diocese website] {{Navbox Dioceses of Austria}} {{Coord missing|Austria}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gurk}}