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A rokosz [], originally, was a gathering of all the Polish
Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
 szlachta
Szlachta

Szlachta refers to the nobility social class in the Kingdom of Poland , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the increasingly polonized territories under their control ....
 (nobility
Nobility

Nobility is a government-privileged title which may be either hereditary or for a lifetime. Titles of nobility exist today in many countries although it is usually associated with present or former monarchies....
), not merely of deputies, for a sejm
Sejm

The Sejm is the lower house of the Poland parliament.Before the 20th century, the term "Sejm" referred to the entire three-Chambers of parliament Polish parliament, comprising the lower house , the upper house and the monarch....
. The term was introduced to the Polish language
Polish language

Polish , an official language of Poland, has the largest number of speakers of any West Slavic languages. Polish-speakers use the language in a uniform manner through most of Poland, and it has a regular orthography....
 from Hungary
Hungary

Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....
, where analogous gatherings took place at a field called Rákos.

With time, "rokosz" came to signify an armed rebellion
Rebellion

Rebellion is a refusal of obedience. It may, therefore, be seen as encompassing a range of behaviors from civil disobedience and mass nonviolent resistance, to violent and organized attempts to destroy an established authority such as the government....
 by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

The Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth was one of the largest and most populous countries in 16th and 17th-century Europe, formed by a Union of Lublin of Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1569....
's szlachta
Szlachta

Szlachta refers to the nobility social class in the Kingdom of Poland , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the increasingly polonized territories under their control ....
 against the king, in the name of defending threatened liberties
Liberty

Liberty, the freedom to act or believe without being stopped by unnecessary force, is generally considered in modern time to be a concept of political philosophy and identifies the condition in which an individual has the right to act according to his or her own free will....
. The nobles who gathered for a rokosz formed a "confederation
Confederation (Poland)

A konfederacja was an ad hoc association formed by Polish-Lithuanian szlachta, clergy or cities in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth for the attainment of stated aims....
" (konfederacja).

The institution of the rokosz, in this later sense, derived from the medieval right to resist royal power.






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A rokosz [], originally, was a gathering of all the Polish
Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
 szlachta
Szlachta

Szlachta refers to the nobility social class in the Kingdom of Poland , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the increasingly polonized territories under their control ....
 (nobility
Nobility

Nobility is a government-privileged title which may be either hereditary or for a lifetime. Titles of nobility exist today in many countries although it is usually associated with present or former monarchies....
), not merely of deputies, for a sejm
Sejm

The Sejm is the lower house of the Poland parliament.Before the 20th century, the term "Sejm" referred to the entire three-Chambers of parliament Polish parliament, comprising the lower house , the upper house and the monarch....
. The term was introduced to the Polish language
Polish language

Polish , an official language of Poland, has the largest number of speakers of any West Slavic languages. Polish-speakers use the language in a uniform manner through most of Poland, and it has a regular orthography....
 from Hungary
Hungary

Hungary , officially in English the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia....
, where analogous gatherings took place at a field called Rákos.

With time, "rokosz" came to signify an armed rebellion
Rebellion

Rebellion is a refusal of obedience. It may, therefore, be seen as encompassing a range of behaviors from civil disobedience and mass nonviolent resistance, to violent and organized attempts to destroy an established authority such as the government....
 by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

The Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth was one of the largest and most populous countries in 16th and 17th-century Europe, formed by a Union of Lublin of Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1569....
's szlachta
Szlachta

Szlachta refers to the nobility social class in the Kingdom of Poland , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the increasingly polonized territories under their control ....
 against the king, in the name of defending threatened liberties
Liberty

Liberty, the freedom to act or believe without being stopped by unnecessary force, is generally considered in modern time to be a concept of political philosophy and identifies the condition in which an individual has the right to act according to his or her own free will....
. The nobles who gathered for a rokosz formed a "confederation
Confederation (Poland)

A konfederacja was an ad hoc association formed by Polish-Lithuanian szlachta, clergy or cities in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth for the attainment of stated aims....
" (konfederacja).

The institution of the rokosz, in this later sense, derived from the medieval right to resist royal power. The rokosz took its authority from the right to refuse obedience to the king, as stipulated in the Privilege of Mielnik
Privilege of Mielnik

The Privilege of Mielnik was an act granted on October 25, 1501, at Mielnik by Poland's King of Poland Alexander Jagiellon. The privilege substantially expanded the powers of the Senate at the expense of the king and de facto introduced a republican form of government....
 (przywilej mielnicki, signed October 23, 1501) and later in the Henrician Articles
Henrician Articles

The Henrician Articles, or Henrycian Articles , or more often stated in English literature as King Henry's Articles, were a permanent contract that stated the fundamental principles of governance and constitutional law in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the form of 21 Articles written and adopted by the szlachta in 1573 at t...
 of 1573.

Two of the best-known rokoszes are the 17th-century, Zebrzydowski Rebellion, and the 16th-century, Chicken War
Chicken War

'Chicken War' is the colloquial name for a 1537 anti-Jagiellon dynasty and anti-Absolutism rokosz by the Poland nobility. The derisive name was coined by the magnates, who for the most part supported the King and claimed that the "war's" only effect was the near-extinction of the local chickens by the nobles gathered for the rokos...
.

See also

  • Civil war
    Civil war

    A civil war is a war between organized groups to take control of a nation or region, or to change government policies. It is high-intensity conflict, often involving Regular Army, that is sustained, organized and large-scale....
  • Confederation
    Confederation (Poland)

    A konfederacja was an ad hoc association formed by Polish-Lithuanian szlachta, clergy or cities in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth for the attainment of stated aims....
     (konfederacja)
  • Golden Liberty
    Golden Liberty

    Golden Liberty , sometimes referred to as Golden Freedoms, Nobles' Democracy or Nobles' Commonwealth refers to a unique Aristocracy political system in the Kingdom of Poland and later, after the Union of Lublin , in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth....
  • Insurrection
  • Lubomirski's Rokosz
    Lubomirski's Rokosz

    Lubomirski's Rokosz, or Lubomirski's Rebellion , was a rebellion against Polish King Jan II Kazimierz Vasa, initiated by the Polish nobleman, Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski....
  • Rebellion
    Rebellion

    Rebellion is a refusal of obedience. It may, therefore, be seen as encompassing a range of behaviors from civil disobedience and mass nonviolent resistance, to violent and organized attempts to destroy an established authority such as the government....