Roju
Encyclopedia
The , usually translated as Elder
, was one of the highest-ranking government posts in Tokugawa
Japan
. The term refers either to individual Elders, or to the Council as a whole; under the first two shogun
s, there were only two Rōjū. The number was then increased to five, and later reduced to four.
The Rōjū served not simultaneously, but in rotation, each serving the Shogun for a month at a time, communicating with the Shogun through a chamberlain, called Soba-yōnin. However, the Rōjū also served as members of the Hyōjōsho
council, along with the Ō-Metsuke
and representatives of various Bugyō
(Commissions or Departments). As part of the Hyōjōsho, the Rōjū sometimes served a role similar to that of a supreme court
, deciding succession disputes and other such disputed matters of state.
Under the reign of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi
(1680-1709), however, the Rōjū lost nearly all their power, as the Shogun began to work more closely with the Tairō
, Chamberlains, and others, including Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu
, who held the power of a Tairō, but not the title. The Rōjū became little more than messengers, going through the motions of their proper roles as intermediaries between the Shogun and other offices, but not being able to exercise any power to change or decide policy. As Arai Hakuseki
, a major Confucian poet and politician of the time wrote, "All the Rōjū did was to pass on his[Yoshiyasu's] instructions" (Sansom 141). Even after Tsunayoshi's death, the Rōjū did not regain their former power. They continued to exist, however, as a government post and a council with, officially if not in fact, all the powers and responsibilities they originally held, through the Edo period
.
served in 1857-58 after Abe Masahiro
(1843-57), but also served earlier, and is listed earlier; he is not also listed after Abe.
Under Tokugawa Ieyasu
Under Tokugawa Hidetada
Under Tokugawa Iemitsu
Under Tokugawa Ietsuna
Under Tokugawa Tsunayoshi
Under Tokugawa Ienobu
Under Tokugawa Yoshimune
Under Tokugawa Ieshige
Under Tokugawa Ieharu
Under Tokugawa Ienari
Under Tokugawa Ieyoshi
Under Tokugawa Iemochi
Elder (administrative title)
The term Elder is used in several different countries and organizations to indicate a position of authority...
, was one of the highest-ranking government posts in Tokugawa
Tokugawa shogunate
The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the and the , was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city, Edo, which is now called Tokyo, after the name was...
Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
. The term refers either to individual Elders, or to the Council as a whole; under the first two shogun
Shogun
A was one of the hereditary military dictators of Japan from 1192 to 1867. In this period, the shoguns, or their shikken regents , were the de facto rulers of Japan though they were nominally appointed by the emperor...
s, there were only two Rōjū. The number was then increased to five, and later reduced to four.
Duties
The Elders had a number of responsibilities, most clearly delineated in the 1634 ordinance that reorganized the government and created a number of new posts:-
- Relations with the ThroneEmperor of JapanThe Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest...
, the Court, and the Prince-Abbots. - Supervision of those daimyoDaimyois a generic term referring to the powerful territorial lords in pre-modern Japan who ruled most of the country from their vast, hereditary land holdings...
who controlled lands worth at least 10,000 kokuKokuThe is a Japanese unit of volume, equal to ten cubic shaku. In this definition, 3.5937 koku equal one cubic metre, i.e. 1 koku is approximately 278.3 litres. The koku was originally defined as a quantity of rice, historically defined as enough rice to feed one person for one year...
. - Managing the forms taken by official documents in official communications.
- Supervision of the internal affairs of the Shogun's domains.
- Coinage, public works, and enfiefment.
- Governmental relations and supervision of monasteries and shrines.
- Compilation of maps, charts, and other government records.
- Relations with the Throne
The Rōjū served not simultaneously, but in rotation, each serving the Shogun for a month at a time, communicating with the Shogun through a chamberlain, called Soba-yōnin. However, the Rōjū also served as members of the Hyōjōsho
Hyojosho
The ', established in 1634, was the judicial council in Japan under the Tokugawa shogunate. It was equivalent to the Monchūjo council of the earlier Kamakura shogunate. It was composed of the Rōjū , the highest officials in the shogunate government, and a number of Commissioners called Bugyō, who...
council, along with the Ō-Metsuke
Metsuke
' were the censors or the inspectors of Tokugawa Japan. They were bakufu officials ranking somewhat lower than the bugyō. The metsuke were charged with the special duty of detecting and investigating instances of maladministration, corruption or disaffection anywhere in Japan; and particularly...
and representatives of various Bugyō
Bugyo
', often translated as "commissioner" or "magistrate" or "governor," was a title assigned to government officers in pre-modern Japan; other terms would be added to the title to describe more specifically a given commissioner's tasks or jurisdiction....
(Commissions or Departments). As part of the Hyōjōsho, the Rōjū sometimes served a role similar to that of a supreme court
Supreme court
A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of many legal jurisdictions. Other descriptions for such courts include court of last resort, instance court, judgment court, high court, or apex court...
, deciding succession disputes and other such disputed matters of state.
Under the reign of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi
Tokugawa Tsunayoshi
was the fifth shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan. He was the younger brother of Tokugawa Ietsuna, thus making him the son of Tokugawa Iemitsu, the grandson of Tokugawa Hidetada, and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu....
(1680-1709), however, the Rōjū lost nearly all their power, as the Shogun began to work more closely with the Tairō
Tairo
Tairō was a high-ranking official position in the bakuhan taisei government of Japan. The tairō would preside over the governing Rōjū council in the event of an emergency. A tairō would be nominated from among a group of samurai families who supported Tokugawa Ieyasu...
, Chamberlains, and others, including Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu
Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu
was a Japanese samurai of the Edo period He was an official in the Tokugawa shogunate and he was a favorite of the fifth shogun, Tokugawa Tsunayoshi....
, who held the power of a Tairō, but not the title. The Rōjū became little more than messengers, going through the motions of their proper roles as intermediaries between the Shogun and other offices, but not being able to exercise any power to change or decide policy. As Arai Hakuseki
Arai Hakuseki
was a Confucianist, scholar-bureaucrat, academic, administrator, writer and politician in Japan during the middle of the Edo Period, who advised the Shogun Tokugawa Ienobu. His personal name was Kinmi or Kimiyoshi . Hakuseki was his pen name...
, a major Confucian poet and politician of the time wrote, "All the Rōjū did was to pass on his
Edo period
The , or , is a division of Japanese history which was ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family, running from 1603 to 1868. The political entity of this period was the Tokugawa shogunate....
.
List of Rōjū
Note that each office-holder is listed once. Some may have served under multiple shogun, and as a result of multiple terms, the list may not fully accurate reflect the order in which the office was held. For example, Hotta MasayoshiHotta Masayoshi
was a Japanese daimyo in the Edo period; and he was a prominent figure in the Tokugawa shogunate.-Rōjū:the Shogun's advisor from 1837 to 1843, and again from 1855 to 1858...
served in 1857-58 after Abe Masahiro
Abe Masahiro
was the chief senior councillor in the Japanese government at the time of the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry. Against the shogun's wishes, and the wishes of many other government officials, he worked to open Japan to the West, signing the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854, and other unequal...
(1843-57), but also served earlier, and is listed earlier; he is not also listed after Abe.
Under Tokugawa IeyasuTokugawa Ieyasu was the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan , which ruled from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. Ieyasu seized power in 1600, received appointment as shogun in 1603, abdicated from office in 1605, but...
- Ōkubo TadachikaOkubo Tadachikawas daimyō of Odawara Domain in Sagami Province in early Edo period, Japan.Ōkubo Tadachika was the son of Ōkubo Tadayo, a hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa clan in what is now part of the city of Okazaki, Aichi. He entered into service as a samurai frm age 11, and took his first head in battle at...
(大久保忠隣)(1593-1614) - Ōkubo NagayasuOkubo Nagayasuwas a Japanese samurai of the Edo period who served the Tokugawa clan. He worked as a mining magistrate in various Tokugawa-controlled mines. Due to misconduct, he was deprived of office, and died soon afterward.-References:*http://fine-vn.com/cat_11/ent_60.html...
(大久保長安)(1600-1613) - Honda MasanobuHonda Masanobuwas a commander and daimyo in the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu in Japan during the Azuchi-Momoyama and Edo periods.In 1563, when an uprising against Ieyasu occurred in Mikawa Province, Masanobu took the side of the peasants against Ieyasu...
(本多正信)(1600-1615) - Naruse Masanari (成瀬正成)(1600-1616)
- Andō Naotsugu (安藤直次)(1600-1616)
- Honda MasazumiHonda Masazumi' was a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi–Momoyama period through early Edo period, who served the Tokugawa clan. He later became a daimyo, and one of the first rōjū of the Tokugawa Shogunate....
(本多正純)(1600-1622) - Naitō Kiyonari (内藤清成)(1601-1606)
- Aoyama TadanariAoyama Tadanariwas a Tokugawa general and chief retainer at the end of the Sengoku and start of the Edo period. He was the father of Aoyama Tadatoshi, and the Aoyama region of Shibuya is named after him.-History:...
(青山忠成)(1601-1606)
Under Tokugawa HidetadaTokugawa Hidetadawas the second shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty, who ruled from 1605 until his abdication in 1623. He was the third son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate.-Early life :...
- Aoyama Narishige (青山成重)(1608-1613)
- Sakai Tadatoshi (酒井忠利)(1609-1627)
- Sakai TadayoSakai Tadayowas a Japanese daimyo of the Sengoku period, and high ranking government advisor, holding the title of Rōjū, and later Tairō.The son of Sakai Shigetada, Tadayo was born in Nishio, Mikawa Province; his childhood name was Manchiyo. He became a trusted elder in Toyotomi Hideyoshi's government,...
(酒井忠世)(1610-1634) - Doi ToshikatsuDoi Toshikatsuwas a top-ranking official in Japan's Tokugawa shogunate during its early decades, and one of the chief advisors to the second Tokugawa shogun, Hidetada....
(土井利勝)(1610-1638) - Andō Shigenobu (安藤重信)(1611-1621)
- Naitō Kiyotsugu (内藤清次)(1616-1617)
- Aoyama TadatoshiAoyama Tadatoshiwas a Japanese daimyo of the early Edo period.-Biography:Tadatoshi was the son of Aoyama Tadanari, a Tokugawa vassal of the Sengoku period who was born in Mikawa Province...
(青山忠俊)(1616-1623) - Inoue Masanari (井上正就)(1617-1628)
- Nagai NaomasaNagai Naomasawas a Japanese daimyo of the Edo period, who ruled the Uruido, Koga and Yodo Domains. The eldest son of Nagai Naokatsu, he fought at the Battle of Sekigahara and the Siege of Osaka. During the Shimabara Rebellion he was assigned to defend Kyoto....
(永井尚政)(1622-1633)
Under Tokugawa IemitsuTokugawa IemitsuTokugawa Iemitsu was the third shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty. He was the eldest son of Tokugawa Hidetada, and the grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Iemitsu ruled from 1623 to 1651.-Early life :...
- Abe MasatsuguAbe Masatsuguwas a daimyō in early Edo period, Japan.Abe Masatsugu was the eldest son of Abe Masakatsu, one of the hereditary retainers of Tokugawa Ieyasu. He was born in Mikawa Province. In 1600, on his father's death, he became head of the Abe clan, and inherited his father's 5,000 koku holding in Hatogaya,...
(阿部正次)(1623-1626) - Inaba MasakatsuInaba Masakatsuwas a daimyō of early Edo period, Japan, who ruled Kakioka and Mōka , and was finally transferred to Odawara Domain in Sagami Province.-Biography:...
(稲葉正勝)(1623-1634) - Naitō Tadashige (内藤忠重)(1623-1633)
- Sakai TadakatsuSakai Tadakatsu, also known as Sanuki-no-kami, was tairō, rōjū, master of Wakasa-Obama castle and daimyo of Obama Domain in Wakasa province in the mid-17th century...
(酒井忠勝)(1624-1638) - Morikawa Shigetoshi (森川重俊)(1628-1632)
- Aoyama Yukinari (青山幸成)(1628-1633)
- Matsudaira NobutsunaMatsudaira Nobutsunawas a Japanese daimyo of the early Edo period, who ruled the Kawagoe Domain. First serving Tokugawa Iemitsu as a page, Nobutsuna was renowned for his sagacity. He was named a rōjū in 1633. Nobutsuna led the shogunal forces to their final victory over the rebellion at Shimabara...
(松平信綱)(1632-1662) - Abe TadaakiAbe Tadaakiwas a high-ranking government official in Japan under Tokugawa Iemitsu and Ietsuna, the third and fourth Tokugawa Shogun. Daimyo of the Oshi Domain in modern-day Saitama prefecture, with an income of 80,000 koku , Abe was appointed wakadoshiyori in 1633, and rōjū shortly afterwards.Iemitsu died...
(阿部忠秋)(1633-1666) - Hotta MasamoriHotta Masamori, Japanese daimyo of the early Edo period who was a key figure in the early decades of the Tokugawa shogunate.-Origins:The rise of Hotta Masamori through the ranks of the Tokugawa shogunate is a rather miraculous one; his family had a very short history with the Tokugawa family prior to his father...
(堀田正盛)(1635-1651) - Abe Shigetsugu (阿部重次)(1638-1651)
- Matsudaira NorinagaMatsudaira Norinagawas a daimyō during early-Edo period Japan. He was the second head of the Ogyū-Matsudaira clan.-Biography:Matsudaira Norinaga was the eldest son of Matsudaira Ienori, a Sengoku period samurai and daimyō of Iwamura Domain in Mino Province under the early Tokugawa shogunate...
(松平乗寿)(1642-1654)
Under Tokugawa IetsunaTokugawa Ietsunawas the fourth shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan who was in office from 1651 to 1680. He was the eldest son of Tokugawa Iemitsu, thus making him the grandson of Tokugawa Hidetada and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu.-Early Life :...
- Sakai TadakiyoSakai Tadakiyo, also known as Uta-no-kami, was a daimyō in Kōzuke Province, and a high-ranking government advisor and official in the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan....
(酒井忠清)(1653-1666) - Inaba MasanoriInaba Masanoriwas a daimyō of Odawara Domain in Sagami Province in early-Edo period Japan. His courtesy title was Mino no Kami.-Biography:...
(稲葉正則)(1657-1681) - Kuze Hiroyuki (久世広之)(1663-1679)
- Itakura ShigenoriItakura Shigenoriwas a Japanese daimyo of the early Edo period. Shigenori's daimyō family claimed descent from the Shibukawa branch of the Seiwa-Genji. The Itakura identified its clan origins in Mikawa province, and the progeny of Katsuhige , including the descendants of his second son Shigemasa , were known as...
(板倉重矩)(1665-1668, 1670-1673) - Tsuchiya Kazunao (土屋数直)(1665-1679)
- Abe MasayoshiAbe Masayoshiwas a Japanese daimyo of the mid-Edo period, who ruled the Oshi Domain.Masayoshi served as Kyoto Shoshidai....
(阿部正能)(1673-1676) - Ōkubo TadatomoŌkubo Tadatomowas a daimyō in early Edo period , Japan. He was assigned by the Tokugawa shogunate to Karatsu Domain, Sakura Domain, and finally to Odawara Domain in Sagami Province, , where his descendants remained until the Meiji Restoration....
(大久保忠朝)(1677-1698) - Hotta MasatoshiHotta Masatoshiwas a daimyō in Shimousa Province, and top government advisor and official in the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He served as rōjū to Shogun Tokugawa Ietsuna from 1679–80, and as Tairō under Tokugawa Tsunayoshi from the 12th day of the 11th lunar month of 1681 until his death on 7 October...
(堀田正俊)(1679-1681) - Doi Toshifusa (土井利房)(1679-1681)
- Itakura Shigetane (板倉重種)(1680-1681)
Under Tokugawa TsunayoshiTokugawa Tsunayoshiwas the fifth shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan. He was the younger brother of Tokugawa Ietsuna, thus making him the son of Tokugawa Iemitsu, the grandson of Tokugawa Hidetada, and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu....
- Toda TadamasaToda Tadamasawas a Japanese daimyo of the early Edo period. He served in a variety of positions in the Tokugawa Shogunate, including rōjū and Kyoto Shoshidai.-References:...
(戸田忠昌)(1681-1699) - Abe Masatake (阿部正武)(1681-1704)
- Matsudaira Nobuyuki (松平信之)(1685-1686)
- Tsuchiya MasanaoTsuchiya Masanao, was a daimyo in Japan during the Edo period. Masanao's daimyō family was descended from Minamoto Yasuuji . The descendants of Tsuchiya lived successively at Kururi in Kazusa province; after 1669 at Tsuchiura in Hitachi province; after 1681 at Tanaka in Suruga province; and then, after 1688,...
(土屋政直)(1687-1718) - Ogasawara NagashigeOgasawara Nagashige, also known as Sado-no-kami and Etchū-no-kami was a Japanese daimyo of the mid-Edo period.During the Edo period, the Ogasawara were identified as one of the fudai or insider daimyō clans which were hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokdugawa, in contrast with the tozama or outsider...
(小笠原長重)(1697-1705, 1709-1710) - Akimoto Takatomo (秋元喬知)(1699-1707)
- Inaba MasamichiInaba Masamichiwas a daimyō of Odawara Domain in Sagami Province in early-Edo period Japan. He was later transferred to Takada Domain in Echigo Province, and then to Sakura Domain in Shimōsa Province...
(稲葉正往)(1701-1707) - Honda Masanaga (本多正永)(1704-1711)
- Ōkubo TadamasuŌkubo Tadamasuwas daimyō of Odawara Domain in Sagami Province, in early Edo period Japan.-Biography:Ōkubo Tadamasu was a son of Ōkubo Tadatomo, daimyō of Odawara Domain. In 1681, he was appointed a Sōshaban at Edo Castle, and rose to the position of Jisha-bugyō on July 22, 1685...
(大久保忠増)(1705-1713) - Inoue Masamine (井上正岑)(1705-1722)
Under Tokugawa IenobuTokugawa Ienobuwas the sixth shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan. He was the eldest son of Tokugawa Tsunashige, thus making him the nephew of Tokugawa Ietsuna and Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, the grandson of Tokugawa Iemitsu, the great-grandson of Tokugawa Hidetada, and the great-great grandson of Tokugawa...
and IetsuguTokugawa IetsuguTokugawa Ietsugu; 徳川 家継 was the seventh shogun of the Tokugawa Dynasty, who ruled from 1713 until his death in 1716...
- Abe Masataka (阿部正喬)(1711-1717)
- Kuze Shigeyuki (久世重之)(1713-1720)
- Matsudaira Nobutsune (松平信庸)(1714-1716)
- Toda Tadazane (戸田忠真)(1714-1729)
Under Tokugawa YoshimuneTokugawa Yoshimunewas the eighth shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, ruling from 1716 until his abdication in 1745. He was the son of Tokugawa Mitsusada, the grandson of Tokugawa Yorinobu, and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu.-Lineage:...
- Mizuno TadayukiMizuno Tadayukiwas a Japanese daimyo of the Edo period. He served in a variety of positions in the Tokugawa shogunate, including wakadoshiyori, rōjū, and Kyoto Shoshidai....
(水野忠之)(1717-1730) - Andō Nobutomo (安藤信友)(1722-1732)
- Matsudaira Norisato (松平乗邑)(1723-1745)
- Matsudaira TadachikaMatsudaira Tadachika' was a Japanese fudai daimyo of the Edo period. He was highly influential in the Tokugawa shogunate under Shogun Ieshige.Tadachika served as Kyoto shoshidai from 1717 through 1724. He was promoted to rōjū in 1724 when he moved from Kyoto to Edo....
(松平忠周)(1724-1728) - Ōkubo Tsuneharu (大久保常春)(1728)
- Sakai Tadaoto (酒井忠音)(1728-1735)
- Matsudaira NobutokiMatsudaira Nobutokiwas a daimyō during mid-Edo period Japan.-Biography:Matsudaira Nobutoki was the eldest son of Matsudaira Nobuteru, the daimyō of Koga Domain in Shimōsa Province. He was given the adult name of Nobutaka in 1694, and did not change his name to Nobutoki until 1719....
(松平信祝)(1730-1744) - Matsudaira Terusada (松平輝貞)(1730-1745)
- Kuroda Naokuni (黒田直邦)(1732-1735)
- Honda Tadanaga (本多忠良)(1734-1746).
- Toki YoritoshiToki Yoritoshiwas a Japanese daimyo of the Edo period. He served in a variety of positions in the Tokugawa shogunate, including Kyoto Shoshidai and rōjū....
(土岐頼稔)(1742-1744) - Sakai Tadazumi (酒井忠恭)(1744-1749)
- Matsudaira NorikataMatsudaira NorikataCount was the 8th and final daimyō of Okutono in Mikawa Province, and 1st daimyō of Tanoguchi Domain in Shinano Province. He served in the Tokugawa Shogunate in the positions of Rōjū and Wakadoshiyori, and became a leader in the Meiji government following the Meiji restoration as a politician. He...
(松平乗賢)(1745-1746) - Hotta Masasuke (堀田正亮)(1745-1761)
Under Tokugawa IeshigeTokugawa IeshigeTokugawa Ieshige; 徳川 家重 was the ninth shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan.The first son of Tokugawa Yoshimune, his mother was the daughter of Okubo Tadanao, known as Osuma no kata. His childhood name was Nagatomi-maru. He underwent the genpuku coming-of-age ceremony in 1725...
- Nishio TadanaoNishio Tadanaowas a daimyō in mid-Edo period Japan, who ruled Yokosuka Domain in Tōtōmi Province. He also served as an official within the administration of Tokugawa Shogunate, rising through the ranks first as Sōshaban, Jisha-bugyō, Wakadoshiyori, and finally to the position of Rōjū.-Biography:Tadanao was the...
(西尾忠尚)(1746-1760) - Honda Masayoshi (本多正珍)(1746-1758)
- Matsudaira Takechika (松平武元)(1746-1779)
- Sakai Tadayori (酒井忠寄)(1749-1764)
- Matsudaira Terutaka (松平輝高)(1758-1781)
- Inoue MasatsuneInoue Masatsunewas a daimyō and official of the Tokugawa shogunate during mid-Edo period Japan.-Biography:Inoue Masatsune was the eldest son of the daimyō of Kasama Domain in Hitachi Province, Inoue Masayuki...
(井上正経)(1760-1763) - Akimoto Sumitomo (秋元凉朝)(1747-1764, 1765-1767)
Under Tokugawa IeharuTokugawa IeharuTokugawa Ieharu Tokugawa Ieharu Tokugawa Ieharu (徳川家治 (June 20, 1737 – September 17, 1786) was the tenth shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, who held office from 1760 to 1786.Ieharu was the eldest son of Tokugawa Ieshige, the ninth shogun.-Events of the Ieharu's bakufu:...
- Matsudaira Yasutoshi (松平康福)(1762-1788)
- Abe Masasuke (阿部正右)(1764-1769)
- Itakura Katsukiyo (板倉勝清)(1769-1780)
- Tanuma OkitsuguTanuma Okitsugu' was a rōjū of the Tokugawa shogunate who introduced monetary reform. He was also a daimyo, and ruled the Sagara han. He used the title Tonomo-no-kami....
(田沼意次)(1769-1786) - Abe Masachika (阿部正允)(1780)
- Kuze Hiroakira (久世広明)(1781-1785)
- Mizuno Tadatomo (水野忠友)(1781-1788, 1796-1802)
- Torii Tadaoki (鳥居忠意)(1781-1793)
- Makino SadanagaMakino Sadanagawas a Japanese daimyo of the mid-Edo period.The Makino were identified as one of the fudai or insider daimyō clans which were hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa clan, in contrast with the tozama or outsider clans.-Makino clan genealogy:...
(牧野貞長)(1784-1790)
Under Tokugawa IenariTokugawa IenariTokugawa Ienari; 徳川 家斉 was the eleventh and longest serving shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan who held office from 1787 to 1837.-First wife:...
- Abe Masatomo (阿部正倫)(1787-1788)
- Matsudaira SadanobuMatsudaira SadanobuJapanese daimyo of the mid-Edo period, famous for his financial reforms which saved the Shirakawa Domain, and the similar reforms he undertook during his tenure as chief senior councilor of the Tokugawa Shogunate, from 1787 to 1793....
(松平定信)(1787-1793) - Matsudaira Nobuakira (松平信明)(1788-1803, 1806-1817)
- Matsudaira Norisada (松平乗完)(1789-1793)
- Honda Tadakazu (本多忠籌)(1790-1798)
- Toda Ujinori (戸田氏教)(1790-1806)
- Ōta SukeyoshiOta Sukeyoshiwas the 2nd daimyō of Kakegawa Domain in Tōtōmi Province, in mid-Edo period Japan and a high-level office holder within the Tokugawa shogunate. -Biography:...
(太田資愛)(1793-1801) - Andō Nobunari (安藤信成)(1793-1810)
- Makino TadakiyoMakino Tadakiyowas a Japanese daimyo of the late Edo period.The Makino were identified as one of the fudai or insider daimyō clans which were hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa clan, in contrast with the tozama or outsider clans....
(牧野忠精)(1801-1816, 1828-1831) - Doi Toshiatsu (土井利厚)(1802-1822)
- Aoyama Tadahiro (青山忠裕)(1804-1835)
- Matsudaira Noriyasu (松平乗保)(1810-1826)
- Sakai TadayukiSakai Tadayukiwas a Japanese daimyo of the mid to late Edo period, who ruled the Obama Domain.The Sakai were identified as one of the fudai or insider daimyō clans which were hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa clan, in contrast with the tozama or outsider clans.-Sakai clan genealogy:Tadayuki was part...
(酒井忠進)(1815-1828) - Mizuno Tadanari (水野忠成)(1817-1834)
- Abe Masakiyo (阿部正精)(1817-1823)
- Ōkubo TadazaneOkubo Tadazanewas the 7th daimyō of Odawara Domain in Sagami Province, in mid-Edo period Japan. His courtesy title was Kaga no Kami.-Biography:...
(大久保忠真)(1818-1837) - Matsudaira NorihiroMatsudaira Norihirowas a Japanese daimyo of the mid to late Edo period, who ruled the Nishio Domain. Norihiro held a variety of positions in the Tokugawa shogunate, including rōjū and Kyoto Shoshidai....
(松平乗寛)(1822-1839) - Matsudaira Terunobu (松平輝延)(1823-1825)
- Uemura Ienaga (植村家長)(1825-1828)
- Matsudaira YasutōMatsudaira Yasutowas a Japanese daimyo of the mid to late Edo period, who ruled the Hamada Domain. He served in a variety of positions in the Tokugawa shogunate. After serving as magistrate of temples and shrines and Osaka Castle warden, he served for a year as Kyoto Shoshidai...
(松平康任)(1826-1835) - Mizuno TadakuniMizuno Tadakuniwas a daimyō during late-Edo period Japan, who later served as chief senior councilor in service to the Tokugawa Shogunate. He is remembered for having instituted the Tenpo Reform.-Biography:...
(水野忠邦)(1828-1843, 1844-1845) - Matsudaira Muneakira (松平宗発)(1831-1840)
- Ōta SukemotoOta Sukemotowas the 5th Ōta daimyō of Kakegawa Domain in Tōtōmi Province, in late-Edo period and Bakumatsu period Japan and a high-level office holder within the Tokugawa shogunate. His courtesy title was Dewa-no-kami.-Biography:...
(太田資始)(1834-1841, 1858-1859, 1863) - Wakisaka Yasutada (脇坂安董)(1836-1841)
- Matsudaira NobuyoriMatsudaira Nobuyoriwas a Japanese daimyo of the Edo period, who ruled the Yoshida Domain. He held several positions in the Tokugawa shogunate, including that of Kyoto Shoshidai....
(松平信順)(1837) - Hotta MasayoshiHotta Masayoshiwas a Japanese daimyo in the Edo period; and he was a prominent figure in the Tokugawa shogunate.-Rōjū:the Shogun's advisor from 1837 to 1843, and again from 1855 to 1858...
(堀田正睦)(1837-1843, 1855-1858)
Under Tokugawa IeyoshiTokugawa IeyoshiTokugawa Ieyoshi was the 12th shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan.He was the second son of the 11th shogun, Tokugawa Ienari, and appointed Mizuno Tadakuni to conduct the Tenpo reform....
- Doi ToshitsuraDoi Toshitsurawas a Japanese daimyo of the Edo period, who ruled the Koga Domain. He served as a rōjū in the Tokugawa shogunate.-References:* Bolitho, Harold. . Treasures Among Men: The Fudai Daimyo in Tokugawa Japan. New Haven: Yale University Press. 10-ISBN 0-300-01655-7/13-ISBN 978-0-300-01655-0;...
(土井利位)(1838-1844) - Inoue MasaharuInoue Masaharuwas a daimyō and official of the Tokugawa shogunate during late-Edo period Japan. His courtesy title was Kawachi-no-kami.-Biography:Inoue Masaharu was the eldest son of the disgraced former daimyō of Hamamatsu, Inoue Masamoto, who had been demoted to Tanakura Domain in Mutsu Province...
(井上正春)(1840-1843) - Manabe AkikatsuManabe Akikatsuwas a Japanese daimyo of the Edo period, who ruled the Sabae Domain. He served in a variety of positions in the Tokugawa shogunate, including Kyoto Shoshidai and rōjū....
(間部詮勝)(1840-1843, 1858-1859) - Sanada Yukitsura (真田幸貫)(1841-1844)
- Hori Chikashige (堀親寚)(1843-1845)
- Toda Tadaharu (戸田忠温)(1843-1851)
- Makino TadamasaMakino Tadamasawas a Japanese daimyo of the Edo period.The Makino were identified as one of the fudai or insider daimyō clans which were hereditary vassels or allies of the Tokugawa clan, in contrast with the tozama or outsider clans.-Makino clan genealogy:...
(牧野忠雅)(1843-1857) - Abe MasahiroAbe Masahirowas the chief senior councillor in the Japanese government at the time of the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry. Against the shogun's wishes, and the wishes of many other government officials, he worked to open Japan to the West, signing the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854, and other unequal...
(阿部正弘)(1843-1857) - Aoyama TadanagaAoyama Tadanagawas a Japanese daimyo of the late Edo period, who ruled the Sasayama Domain. He served as a rōjū in the Tokugawa shogunate.-References:*Bolitho, Harold . Treasures among men; the fudai daimyo in Tokugawa Japan. New Haven: Yale University Press....
(青山忠良)(1844-1848) - Matsudaira Noriyasu (松平乗全)(1845-1855, 1858-1860)
- Matsudaira Tadakata (松平忠優)(1848-1855, 1857-1858)
- Kuze HirochikaKuze Hirochikawas a Japanese daimyo of the late Edo period, who ruled the Sekiyado Domain. He served as a rōjū in the Tokugawa shogunate, and briefly as chief rōjū .-References:...
(久世広周)(1851-1858, 1860-1862) - Naitō NobuchikaNaito Nobuchika, also known as Nobukoto , was a Japanese daimyo of the late Edo period, who ruled the Murakami Domain. His title was Kii-no-kami.Before he became the Tokugawa shogunate's chief representative in the capital as Kyoto shoshidai in 1850-1851, he had been Osaka jōdai in 1848-1850.Nobuchika supported...
(内藤信親)(1851-1862)
Under Tokugawa IemochiTokugawa Iemochiwas the 14th shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, who held office 1858 to 1866. During his reign there was much internal turmoil as a result of Japan's first major contact with the United States, which occurred under Commodore Perry in 1853 and 1854, and of the subsequent "re-opening" of...
and YoshinobuTokugawa Yoshinobuwas the 15th and last shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He was part of a movement which aimed to reform the aging shogunate, but was ultimately unsuccessful...
- Andō NobumasaAndo Nobumasawas a Japanese daimyo of the late Edo period, who ruled the Iwakidaira Domain. He was a rōjū in the Tokugawa shogunate, and was active in the wake of Ii Naosuke's assassination...
(安藤信正)(1860-1862) - Honda Tadamoto (本多忠民)(1860-1862, 1864-1865)
- Matsudaira Nobuyoshi (松平信義)(1860-1863)
- Ogasawara NagamichiOgasawara Nagamichiwas the a Japanese samurai and official in the Bakumatsu period Tokugawa Shogunate. Before the Meiji Restoration, his courtesy title was Iki no Kami and lower 5th Court rank.-Biography:...
(小笠原長行)(1862-1863, 1865, 1866-1868) - Itakura KatsukiyoItakura Katsukiyowas a Japanese daimyo of the late Edo period. Famed for his tenure as rōjū, Itakura later became a Shinto priest.-Biography:Itakura, born to the Hisamatsu-Matsudaira of the Kuwana Domain, was adopted by Itakura Katsutsune, the lord of the Matsuyama domain...
(板倉勝静)(1862-1864, 1865-1868) - Inoue MasanaoInoue Masanaowas a daimyō and official of the Tokugawa shogunate during Bakumatsu period Japan.-Biography:Inoue Masanao was the fourth son of the daimyō of Tatebayashi Domain, Inoue Masaharu, and was born before his father was transferred to Hamamatsu. He inherited the leadership of the Inoue clan and the...
(井上正直)(1862-1864) - Mizuno TadakiyoMizuno Tadakiyowas a daimyō during Bakumatsu period Japan, who served as chief senior councilor in service to the Tokugawa Shogunate.-Biography:Mizuno Tadakiyo was the eldest son of Mizuno Tadakuni, the daimyō of Hamamatsu Domain and chief senior councilor in service to the Tokugawa Shogunate...
(水野忠精)(1862-1866) - Sakai Tadashige (酒井忠績)(1863-1864)
- Arima Michizumi (有馬道純)(1863-1864)
- Makino TadayukiMakino Tadayukiwas a Japanese daimyo of the late Edo period.The Makino were identified as one of the fudai or insider daimyō clans which were hereditary vassels or allies of the Tokugawa clan, in contrast with the tozama or outsider clans.-Makino clan genealogy:...
(牧野忠恭)(1863-1865) - Matsumae TakahiroMatsumae Takahirowas a Japanese daimyo of the Edo period, who ruled the Matsumae Domain. Though he was a tozama daimyo, he served in the Tokugawa Shogunate as a rōjū. His court title was Izu no kami.-Youth:...
(松前崇広)(1864-1865) - Abe Masato (阿部正外)(1864-1865)
- Suwa Tadamasa (諏訪忠誠)(1864-1865)
- Inaba MasakuniInaba Masakuniwas a Japanese daimyo of the late-Edo period.In the Edo period, the Makino were identified as one of the fudai or insider daimyō clans which were hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa clan, in contrast with the tozama or outsider clans....
(稲葉正邦)(1864-1865, 1866-1868) - Matsudaira MunehideMatsudaira Munehide, also known as ', was a Japanese daimyo of the late Edo period who ruled the Miyazu Domain . He was known by the titles or .-Official in the bakufu:...
(松平宗秀)(1864-1866) - Inoue MasanaoInoue Masanaowas a daimyō and official of the Tokugawa shogunate during Bakumatsu period Japan.-Biography:Inoue Masanao was the fourth son of the daimyō of Tatebayashi Domain, Inoue Masaharu, and was born before his father was transferred to Hamamatsu. He inherited the leadership of the Inoue clan and the...
(井上正直)(1865-1867) - Matsudaira YasuhideMatsudaira Yasuhide' was a Japanese daimyo of the late Edo period, who ruled the Tanakura and then Kawagoe Domains. He served as gaikoku bugyō and rōjū in the Tokugawa administration.-Biography:...
(松平康英)(1865-1868) - Mizuno Tadanobu (水野忠誠)(1866)
- Matsudaira NorikataMatsudaira NorikataCount was the 8th and final daimyō of Okutono in Mikawa Province, and 1st daimyō of Tanoguchi Domain in Shinano Province. He served in the Tokugawa Shogunate in the positions of Rōjū and Wakadoshiyori, and became a leader in the Meiji government following the Meiji restoration as a politician. He...
(松平乗謨)(1866-1868) - Inaba MasamiInaba Masamiwas daimyō of Tateyama Domain during late-Edo period Japan.-Biography:Inaba Masami was the eldest son of the previous daimyō of Tateyama Domain, Inaba Masamori. On his father’s death in 1820, he succeeded to the head of the Tateyama Inaba clan and the position of daimyō of Tateyama...
(稲葉正巳)(1866-1868) - Matsudaira Sadaaki (松平定昭)(1867)
- Ōkōchi Masatada (大河内正質)(1867-1868)
- Sakai Tadatō (酒井忠惇)(1867-1868)
- Tachibana Taneyuki (立花種恭)(1868)