Roger Elwood
Encyclopedia
Roger Elwood was an American
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

 science fiction
Science fiction
Science fiction is a genre of fiction dealing with imaginary but more or less plausible content such as future settings, futuristic science and technology, space travel, aliens, and paranormal abilities...

 writer and editor, perhaps best known for having edited a large number of anthologies and collections for a variety of publishers in the early 1970s.

Biography

Born and raised in Southern New Jersey, Roger Elwood started his professional writing career shortly after graduating from high school.

Elwood edited two wrestling magazines, The Big Book of Wrestling and Official Wrestling Guide, on a contract basis in 1971–72 for Jalart House, an Arizona publisher, and regularly photographed matches (wrestling magazines placed a premium on photos rather than text). He became a regular with locker room access at some shows on the East Coast, which might seem to contradict rumours that he had become disillusioned with wrestling when it came to his attention that some pro wrestling matches were fixed. This period produced some fictional confessional stories (e.g. "I Killed a Man in the Ring") that Elwood claimed were based on "a blending of interviews". He abruptly left the job in between late 1972 and early 1973, telling writers the wrestling magazines were too much work for too little compensation.

Elwood was published by four different publishers in the first six years as an SF anthologist. During the following few years he would contract with over a dozen other publishers to produce many dozens of individual books and two anthology series, the four-book Continuum and two-book Frontiers. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction observes that "At one time it was estimated that Roger Elwood alone constituted about one quarter of the total market for SF short stories."

Around the time the SF anthology market was bottoming out, Elwood moved on to Laser Books
Laser Books
Laser Books was a line of 58 paperback science fiction novels published from 1975 to 1977 by Canadian romance powerhouse Harlequin Books. Laser published three titles per month, available by subscription as well as in stores. The books were limited to 50,000-60,000 words. They were numbered as a...

, an ultimately unsuccessful attempt by romance publishing giant Harlequin Books to systematize and regularize SF into a uniform series of novels by diverse authors. He then effectively left the mainline science fiction/fantasy field in the late 1970s.

Elwood's biography on the Fantastic Fiction website omits all mention of his work in the mainline science fiction/fantasy field and identifies him as a Writer-in-Residence (or occasionally a "professor of literature") at a Bible college
Bible college
Bible colleges are institutions of higher education that specialize in biblical studies. Curriculum is Bible-based and differs from that of liberal arts colleges or research universities. Bible colleges generally exclude the study of philosophy, unlike seminaries and theological colleges...

 in the mid-west. The biography also claims that "12 of his novels have won Excellence in Media awards for best book of the year", although the Silver Angels award website includes only a general "Print" category, and does not list Elwood's name.

Criticisms

Elwood's significant presence in the genre anthology field in the mid seventies is not without its detractors, whose criticisms range from professional to ad hominem.

A review of Elwood's 1976 anthology Six Science Fiction Plays in the Star Trek
Star Trek
Star Trek is an American science fiction entertainment franchise created by Gene Roddenberry. The core of Star Trek is its six television series: The Original Series, The Animated Series, The Next Generation, Deep Space Nine, Voyager, and Enterprise...

fan magazine Enterprise Incidents remarked that except for the inclusion of the original teleplay of the episode "The City on the Edge of Forever" by Harlan Ellison
Harlan Ellison
Harlan Jay Ellison is an American writer. His principal genre is speculative fiction.His published works include over 1,700 short stories, novellas, screenplays, teleplays, essays, a wide range of criticism covering literature, film, television, and print media...

, the book was "another excursion into mediocrity by Roger Elwood".

Publishers

Publishing houses which published Roger Elwood's anthologies:
  • 1964: Paperback Library
  • 1965: Paperback Library
  • 1966: Holt, Rinehart and Winston
    Henry Holt and Company
    Henry Holt and Company is an American book publishing company. One of the oldest publishers in the United States, it was founded in 1866 by Henry Holt and Frederick Leypoldt...

  • 1967: Tower
  • 1968: Tower
  • 1969: MacFadden-Bartell (3x)
  • 1970: MacFadden-Bartell
  • 1971: ---
  • 1972: Avon, Chilton, Fleming H. Revell, MacFadden-Bartell
  • 1973: Avon (2x), Concordia, Doubleday, Fawcett
    Fawcett Publications
    Fawcett Publications was an American publishing company founded in 1919 in Robbinsdale, Minnesota by Wilford Hamilton "Captain Billy" Fawcett . At the age of 16, Fawcett ran away from home to join the Army, and the Spanish-American War took him to the Philippines. Back in Minnesota, he became a...

     Gold Medal Books
    Gold Medal Books
    Gold Medal Books, launched by Fawcett Publications in 1950, is a U.S. book publisher known for introducing paperback originals, a publishing innovation at the time. Fawcett was also an independent newsstand distributor, and in 1949 the company negotiated a contract with New American Library to...

    , Follett, Franklin Watts, Harper & Row, Macmillan Publishers
    Macmillan Publishers
    Macmillan Publishers Ltd, also known as The Macmillan Group, is a privately held international publishing company owned by Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group. It has offices in 41 countries worldwide and operates in more than thirty others.-History:...

     (2x), Manor, Rand McNally
    Rand McNally
    Rand McNally is an American publisher of maps, atlases, textbooks, and globes for travel, reference, commercial, and educational uses. It also provides online consumer street maps and directions, as well as commercial transportation routing software and mileage data...

     (2x), Random House
    Random House
    Random House, Inc. is the largest general-interest trade book publisher in the world. It has been owned since 1998 by the German private media corporation Bertelsmann and has become the umbrella brand for Bertelsmann book publishing. Random House also has a movie production arm, Random House Films,...

    , Trident, Walker, Whitman
  • 1974: Aurora, Berkley/Putnam (3x), Curtis, Dodd, Mead and Company
    Dodd, Mead and Company
    Dodd, Mead and Company was one of the pioneer publishing houses of the United States, based in New York City. Under several names, the firm operated from 1839 until 1990. Its history properly began in 1870, with the retirement of its founder, Moses Woodruff Dodd. Control passed to his son Frank...

    , Doubleday, Franklin Watts, John Knox Press, Julian Messner, Lerner SF Library (8x), Pocket Books
    Pocket Books
    Pocket Books is a division of Simon & Schuster that primarily publishes paperback books.- History :Pocket produced the first mass-market, pocket-sized paperback books in America in early 1939 and revolutionized the publishing industry...

    , Rand McNally, Thomas Nelson, Trident
  • 1975: Berkley, Berkley/Putnam, Bobbs-Merrill, Evans, Follett, Manor, Prentice Hall
    Prentice Hall
    Prentice Hall is a major educational publisher. It is an imprint of Pearson Education, Inc., based in Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA. Prentice Hall publishes print and digital content for the 6-12 and higher-education market. Prentice Hall distributes its technical titles through the Safari...

    , Warner
  • 1976: Archway, Pocket, Washington Square Press
  • 1977: Bobbs-Merrill Company
    Bobbs-Merrill Company
    The Bobbs-Merrill Company was a book publisher located in Indianapolis, Indiana. Bobbs-Merrill was known for publishing such authors as Richard Halliburton, David Markson, Ayn Rand, James Whitcomb Riley, Walter Dean Myers, and Irma S. Rombauer. Bobbs-Merrill also published the early works of...


Quality

Amongst other criticisms, which she suggests "are more conjectural, but not easily dismissed", Nielsen Hayden nominates "the quality of the books themselves". She describes Elwood's theme anthologies as "carelessly edited" and "low-grade", although she allows that "some of Elwood's collections were quite decent," and that "all of them featured some good writers and good stories."

The following are examples of peer recognition accorded to some of the stories printed in Elwood's anthologies (source: the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
Internet Speculative Fiction Database
The Internet Speculative Fiction Database is a database of bibliographic information on science fiction and related genres such as fantasy fiction and horror fiction. The ISFDB is a volunteer effort, with both the database and wiki being open for editing and user contributions...

):
  • The short story "Forever and Amen" by Robert Bloch
    Robert Bloch
    Robert Albert Bloch was a prolific American writer, primarily of crime, horror and science fiction. He is best known as the writer of Psycho, the basis for the film of the same name by Alfred Hitchcock...

    , from Elwood's 1972 anthology And Walk Now Gently Through the Fire and Other Science Fiction Stories was chosen by Forrest J. Ackerman for inclusion in his Best Science Fiction for 1973 compilation.

  • The 1973 anthology Future City included "The World as Will and Wallpaper" by R. A. Lafferty
    R. A. Lafferty
    Raphael Aloysius Lafferty was an American science fiction and fantasy writer known for his original use of language, metaphor, and narrative structure, as well as for his etymological wit...

    , which was reprinted by Terry Carr
    Terry Carr
    Terry Gene Carr was a U.S. science fiction author, editor, and teacher.Terry Carr was born in Grants Pass, Oregon...

     in The Best Science Fiction of the Year #3 (1974), "The Undercity" by Dean Koontz
    Dean Koontz
    Dean Ray Koontz is a prolific American author best known for his novels which could be described broadly as suspense thrillers. He also frequently incorporates elements of horror, science fiction, mystery, and satire. A number of his books have appeared on the New York Times Bestseller List, with...

    , which has been re-anthologized twice (in 1977 by Martin H. Greenberg
    Martin H. Greenberg
    Martin Harry Greenberg was an American speculative fiction anthologist and writer.-Biography:Dr. Martin H. Greenberg was born March 1, 1941, to Max and Mae Greenberg in South Miami Beach, Florida...

     and Joseph D. Olander in Criminal Justice Through Science Fiction, and in 1997 by Ric Alexander
    Peter Haining
    Peter Alexander Haining was a British journalist, author and anthologist who lived and worked in Suffolk...

     in Cyber-Killers), and "Getting Across" by Robert Silverberg
    Robert Silverberg
    Robert Silverberg is an American author, best known for writing science fiction. He is a multiple nominee of the Hugo Award and a winner of the Nebula Award.-Early years:...

     which has also been re-anthologized twice (in 1986 by Greenberg et al. in Computer Crimes and Capers and in 1997 by Waugh and Greenberg in Sci-Fi Private Eye). The Future City anthology itself was reprinted in the United Kingdom by Sphere Books
    Sphere Books
    -History:Founded in 1961, Sphere Books began work on its first publication, the 1962 paperback edition of Gottfried Benn's The Trainee Man. Originally part of The Thomson Corporation, Sphere was sold to Pearson PLC in 1985 and became part of Penguin...

     in 1976.

  • Robert Silverberg's "The Wind and the Rain", from Elwood's 1973 anthology Saving Worlds, was reprinted by Harry Harrison
    Harry Harrison
    Harry Harrison is an American science fiction author best known for his character the Stainless Steel Rat and the novel Make Room! Make Room! , the basis for the film Soylent Green...

     and Brian Aldiss
    Brian Aldiss
    Brian Wilson Aldiss, OBE is an English author of both general fiction and science fiction. His byline reads either Brian W. Aldiss or simply Brian Aldiss. Greatly influenced by science fiction pioneer H. G. Wells, Aldiss is a vice-president of the international H. G. Wells Society...

     in their Best SF: 1973 anthology.

  • "After King Kong Fell" by Philip José Farmer
    Philip José Farmer
    Philip José Farmer was an American author, principally known for his award-winning science fiction and fantasy novels and short stories....

    , from Elwood's 1973 anthology Omega, was nominated for a Nebula Award
    Nebula Award
    The Nebula Award is given each year by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America , for the best science fiction/fantasy fiction published in the United States during the previous year...

     in 1974, and reprinted by Harrison and Aldiss in Best SF: 1974.

  • Elwood's 1973 anthology Showcase contains Silverberg's novelette Breckenridge and the Continuum, which was chosen by Terry Carr for The Best Science Fiction of the Year #3 (1974), as well as "The Childhood of the Human Hero" by Carol Emshwiller
    Carol Emshwiller
    Carol Emshwiller is an American writer of avant garde short stories and science fiction who has won prizes ranging from the Nebula Award to the Philip K. Dick Award. Ursula K...

    , which was included in Nebula Award Stories 9, edited by Kate Wilhelm
    Kate Wilhelm
    Kate Wilhelm is an American writer whose works include science fiction, mystery, and fantasy.- Career :Wilhelm was born in Toledo, Ohio....

    .

  • Thomas F. Monteleone
    Thomas F. Monteleone
    Thomas F. Monteleone is an American science fiction author and horror fiction author. His first novel, Seeds of Change was the lead-off title in the critically unsuccessful Laser Books line of science fiction titles , but he went on to become a popular writer of supernatural thrillers...

    's short story "Breath's a Ware That Will Not Keep", from Elwood's 1975 anthology Dystopian Visions, was nominated for a Nebula award in 1976.

  • No less than twenty of the stories chosen by Barry N. Malzberg
    Barry N. Malzberg
    Barry Nathaniel Malzberg is an American writer and editor, most often of science fiction and fantasy.-Overview:Initially in his post-graduate work Malzberg sought to establish himself as a playwright as well as a prose-fiction writer. His first two published novels were issed by Olympia Press...

     for inclusion in his collection The Best of Barry N. Malzberg (1976) were first published in one or other of Elwood's original anthologies.

Professionalism

Elwood is reported to have underpaid authors. Additionally, Nielsen Hayden discusses speculation about the financial details of some of Elwood's projects "that by all indications should have had generous budgets" but were "peculiarly long on authors who had slight or nonexistent publishing credentials outside of Roger Elwood projects."

Elwood's eight-volume young adult
Young adult literature
Young-adult fiction or young adult literature , also juvenile fiction, is fiction written for, published for, or marketed to adolescents and young adults, roughly ages 14 to 21. The Young Adult Library Services of the American Library Association defines a young adult as "someone between the...

 hardcover
Hardcover
A hardcover, hardback or hardbound is a book bound with rigid protective covers...

 Lerner SF Library (1974), with three or four stories per volume, includes stories from three authors whose only recorded sale, according to the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
Internet Speculative Fiction Database
The Internet Speculative Fiction Database is a database of bibliographic information on science fiction and related genres such as fantasy fiction and horror fiction. The ISFDB is a volunteer effort, with both the database and wiki being open for editing and user contributions...

, was to that book; two more authors who only ever sold stories to Roger Elwood; and one whose only first sale was to Roger Elwood, but who had the story picked up for republication elsewhere.

SF hardcovers were relatively uncommon in the 1970s and the stories were supposedly original commissions, so Nielsen Hayden believes it is reasonable to assume that this was a well-funded project. Normally the entire advance for an anthology is paid out to the anthologist, who then purchases story rights out of his or her own pocket, retaining any unspent advance money.

Given the availability of experienced short fiction writers at the time, Elwood's choice of inexperienced authors aroused suspicions.

Nielsen Hayden suggests that:
an editor who's commissioning stories on a set theme for a premium project doesn't normally buy work from writers who have no track record. Editors know better than anyone else how many people there are who think they can write, and how few of them are justified in holding that opinion.


The Lerner SF Library also contains two stories by Earl and Otto Binder
Eando Binder
Eando Binder is a pen-name used by two mid-20th-century science fiction authors, Earl Andrew Binder and his brother Otto Binder . The name is derived from their first initials ....

, and a third story by Otto
Otto Binder
Otto Oscar Binder was an American author of science fiction and non-fiction books and stories, and comic books...

 alone.
Given Earl and Otto Binder ceased to co-author stories in 1955, and that Earl died in 1965 and Otto in 1974, it seems unlikely any of these stories was a commissioned work.

Industry impact

Nielsen Hayden reports that, prior to Elwood's involvement in the market, anthologies and collections were very popular with readers, and were considered by the publishing industry to be "a surer bet than novels." She goes on to accuse Elwood of "singlehandedly breaking the story collection/anthology market". By "wreck[ing] the readers' faith in collections" she says, Elwood "squandered industry credibility accumulated over decades by better anthologists". Anthologies and story collections, she suggests, became "a hard sell".
That's made life harder for short fiction writers, who lost their second-rights sales, and damaged the readers' relationship with short fiction. It's been a real loss. Short fiction was always the genre's R&D lab.


Whether Elwood's impact has been a long-term one, as Nielsen Hayden maintains, is difficult to discern from the figures, which point to continuing high numbers of anthologies published annually.

While declining to accuse Elwood of dishonesty, Nielsen Hayden suggests that:
there are no very creditable explanations for his flood of anthologies in the mid-1970s; that the publishers who bought them would never have done so if they'd had any idea that he was carpet-bombing SF publishing with anthology projects; that many of his anthologies (if not all the stories in them) were well below par in terms of their quality; and that the subsequent collapse of the anthology and story-collection market did long-term damage to science fiction as a whole.

Elwood professed to be as surprised as anyone when the anthology market collapsed — an odd claim, considering he'd been a working anthologist for a decade or more — and lightly departed the SF field to pursue other interests.

Short work

Elwood's Fantastic Fiction biography claims that he has sold "a thousand articles and a few short stories" to publications including Ladies Home Companion, Mike Shayne's Mystery Magazine, Edgar Wallace Mystery Magazine, Photoplay
Photoplay
Photoplay was one of the first American film fan magazines. It was founded in 1911 in Chicago, the same year that J. Stuart Blackton founded a similar magazine entitled Motion Picture Story...

, Grit
Grit (newspaper)
Grit is a magazine, formerly a weekly newspaper, popular in rural areas throughout the United States during much of the 20th century. It carried the subtitle America's Greatest Family Newspaper. In the early 1930s, it targeted small town and rural families with 14 pages plus a fiction supplement...

and Weekly Reader
Weekly Reader
Weekly Reader is a weekly educational classroom magazine designed for children in grades Pre-K–12. It began in 1928 as My Weekly Reader....

.

Anthologies

  • Alien Worlds (1964)
  • Invasion of the Robots (1965)
  • The Time Curve (1968) (with Sam Moskowitz)
  • Alien Earth: And Other Stories (1969)
  • The Little Monsters (1969) (with Vic Ghidalia)
  • Other Worlds, Other Times (1969) (with Sam Moskowitz)
  • Horror Hunters (1971) (with Vic Ghidalia)
  • And Walk Now Gently Through the Fire: And Other Science Fiction Stories (1972)
  • Young Demons (1972) (with Vic Ghidalia)
  • Beware the Beasts (1973) (with Vic Ghidalia)
  • Demon Kind (1973)
  • Future Quest (1973)
  • Way Out (1973)
  • The Berserkers (1973)
  • Future City (1973)
  • The Other Side of Tomorrow (1973)
  • Monster Tales: Vampires Werewolves and Things (1973)
  • Children of Infinity: Original Science Fiction Stories for Young Readers (1973)
  • Androids, Time Machines, and Blue Giraffes: A Panorama of Science Fiction (1973)
  • Flame Tree Planet: And Other Stories (1973)
  • Saving Worlds (1973) (with Virginia Kidd
    Virginia Kidd
    Virginia Kidd was an American literary agent, writer and editor, particularly influential in science fiction and related fields. She represented some of science fiction's most important authors, including Ursula K. Le Guin, R.A. Lafferty, Anne McCaffrey, and Gene Wolfe...

    )
  • Showcase (1973)
  • Ten Tomorrows (1973)
  • Omega (1974)


  • Crisis: Ten Original Stories of Science Fiction (1974)
  • Chronicles of a Comer: And Other Religious Science Fiction Stories (1974)
  • The Killer Plants: And Other Stories (1974)
  • Night of the Sphinx: and Other Stories (1974)
  • Strange Gods (1974)
  • Survival from Infinity: Original Science Fiction Stories for Young Readers (1974)
  • The Far Side of Time (1974)
  • Future Kin: Eight Science Fiction Stories (1974)
  • Horror Tales: Spirits, Spells and the Unknown (1974)
  • The Learning Maze: and Other Science Fiction (1974)
  • The Wounded Planet (1974)
  • Dystopian Visions (1975)
  • Future Corruption (1975)
  • The Gifts of Asti: And Other Stories of Science Fiction (1975)
  • Tomorrow: New Worlds of Science Fiction (1975)
  • Epoch (1975)
  • Six Science Fiction Plays (1975)
  • The Fifty-meter Monsters: And Other Horrors (1976)
  • Visions of Tomorrow (1976)
  • Futurelove (1977)
  • Science Fiction Tales(1978)
  • Spine-Chillers: Unforgettable Tales of Terror (1978) (with Howard Goldsmith)
  • More Science Fiction Tales (1978)


Anthology Series

Frontiers:
  • Frontiers 1: Tomorrow's Alternatives (1973)
  • Frontiers 2: The New Mind (1973)


Continuum:
  • Continuum 1 (1974)
  • Continuum 2 (1974)
  • Continuum 3 (1974)
  • Continuum 4 (1975)

Novel Series

Angelwalk:
  1. Angelwalk (1988)
  2. Fallen Angel (1990)
  3. Stedfast Guardian Angel (1992)

  • Darien: Guardian Angel of Jesus (1994)
  • The Angelwalk Trilogy: Angelwalk / Fallen Angel / Stedfast (omnibus) (1995)
  • Darien's Angelwalk for Children (1995)
  • Angels in Atlantic City (1998)
  • Wendy's Phoenix (1999)
  • Where Angels Dare (1999)
  • On Holy Ground (2001)

Bartlett Brothers:
  • Sudden Fear (1991)
  • Terror Cruise (1991)
  • Forbidden River (1991)
  • The Frankenstein Project (1991)
  • Disaster Island (1992)
  • Nightmare at Skull Junction (1992)


Oss Chronicles:
  1. Wolf's Lair (1993)
  2. Deadly Sanction (1993)
  3. Code Name Bloody Winter (1993)


Without the Dawn:
  1. How Soon the Serpent (1997)
  2. Valley of the Shadow (1997)
  3. The Judas Factor (1997)
  4. Bright Phoenix (1997)


Novels

  • Long Night of Waiting (1974)
  • Remnant (1989)
  • The Christening (1989)
  • The Wandering (1990)
  • Children of the Furor (1990)
  • Dwellers (1990)
  • Sorcerers of Sodom (1991)
  • Dark Knight (1991)


  • Wise One (1991)
  • Soaring : An Odyssey of the Soul (1992)
  • Maggie's Song (1993)
  • Circle of Deception (1993)
  • The Road to Masada (1994)
  • Shawn Hawk: A Novel of the 21st Century (1995)
  • Act of Sacrifice: Vol. 3 (1997)
  • Ashes of Paradise (1997) (which explains how to reconcile Confederate slaveholding and Christian ideals)
  • Stephen the Martyr (1998)


See also

  • Sam Moskowitz
    Sam Moskowitz
    Sam Moskowitz was an early fan and organizer of interest in science fiction and, later, a writer, critic, and historian of the field.-Biography:...

  • Vic Ghidalia
  • The book Science Fiction and Market Realities, proceedings of the conference from an Eaton Conference, ed. George Slusser, Gary Westfahl, and Eric S. Rabkin, Athens : University of Georgia Press, c1996, ISBN 0820317268, has one or more essays that discuss the effect of Elwood on the science fiction market in some detail.

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
x
OK