Robert Summers
Encyclopedia
Robert Summers is a U.S. economist and professor emeritus
, University of Pennsylvania
, where he taught from 1960. A widely cited early work by Summers is on the small-sample statistical properties of alternate regression
estimators where analytical measures are unavailable.
Summers received his Ph.D. from Stanford University
.
Summers was part of a team at Penn that developed estimates of national income and output across countries which adjust GDP and components for purchasing power parity
in the cost of goods and services among different countries later termed the Penn World Table
. This yielded large, systematic differences from the common method of using only international exchange rates to convert national products to a common currency. For that work, Summers and Alan Heston
were recognized as American Economic Association
Distinguished Fellows for 1998.
Prior to joining the faculty of UPenn Summers was on the faculty at Yale University
.
Summers is married to Anita Summers
. They are the parents of Lawrence Summers
. His brother is the late Paul Samuelson
. All three of these people were also noted economist. so was his wife's brother Kenneth Arrow
.
Emeritus
Emeritus is a post-positive adjective that is used to designate a retired professor, bishop, or other professional or as a title. The female equivalent emerita is also sometimes used.-History:...
, University of Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania
The University of Pennsylvania is a private, Ivy League university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Penn is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States,Penn is the fourth-oldest using the founding dates claimed by each institution...
, where he taught from 1960. A widely cited early work by Summers is on the small-sample statistical properties of alternate regression
Regression analysis
In statistics, regression analysis includes many techniques for modeling and analyzing several variables, when the focus is on the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables...
estimators where analytical measures are unavailable.
Summers received his Ph.D. from Stanford University
Stanford University
The Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is a private research university on an campus located near Palo Alto, California. It is situated in the northwestern Santa Clara Valley on the San Francisco Peninsula, approximately northwest of San...
.
Summers was part of a team at Penn that developed estimates of national income and output across countries which adjust GDP and components for purchasing power parity
Purchasing power parity
In economics, purchasing power parity is a condition between countries where an amount of money has the same purchasing power in different countries. The prices of the goods between the countries would only reflect the exchange rates...
in the cost of goods and services among different countries later termed the Penn World Table
Penn World Table
The Penn World Table is a set of national-accounts data developed and maintained by scholars at the University of Pennsylvania to measure real GDP from the corresponding relative price levels across countries and over time...
. This yielded large, systematic differences from the common method of using only international exchange rates to convert national products to a common currency. For that work, Summers and Alan Heston
Alan Heston
Alan W. Heston is an American economist best known for his collaborative work with fellow economist Robert Summers and the development of the Penn World Table .-Education and early life:...
were recognized as American Economic Association
American Economic Association
The American Economic Association, or AEA, is a learned society in the field of economics, headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee. It publishes one of the most prestigious academic journals in economics: the American Economic Review...
Distinguished Fellows for 1998.
Prior to joining the faculty of UPenn Summers was on the faculty at Yale University
Yale University
Yale University is a private, Ivy League university located in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Founded in 1701 in the Colony of Connecticut, the university is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States...
.
Summers is married to Anita Summers
Anita Summers
Anita Arrow Summers is an American educator of public policy, management, real estate and education and is Professor Emerita at the University of Pennsylvania.The daughter of Jewish immigrants from Romania...
. They are the parents of Lawrence Summers
Lawrence Summers
Lawrence Henry Summers is an American economist. He served as the 71st United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1999 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton. He was Director of the White House United States National Economic Council for President Barack Obama until November 2010.Summers is the...
. His brother is the late Paul Samuelson
Paul Samuelson
Paul Anthony Samuelson was an American economist, and the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. The Swedish Royal Academies stated, when awarding the prize, that he "has done more than any other contemporary economist to raise the level of scientific analysis in...
. All three of these people were also noted economist. so was his wife's brother Kenneth Arrow
Kenneth Arrow
Kenneth Joseph Arrow is an American economist and joint winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics with John Hicks in 1972. To date, he is the youngest person to have received this award, at 51....
.