Robert Hay Drummond
Encyclopedia
Robert Hay known later as Robert Hay-Drummond of Cromlix and Innerpeffray, was Archbishop of York
from 1761 to 1776.
(who succeeded his father as eighth Earl of Kinnoull
, in 1719), and Abigail, the youngest daughter of Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer, Lord High Treasurer
. He was born in London on 10 November 1711. His birth was mentioned by Jonathan Swift
in the Letters to Stella, and his infancy is thus referred to by Richard Bentley
in the dedication of his edition of Horace
to Lord Oxford, on 8 December 1711: 'Parvulos duos ex filia nepotes, quorum alter a matre adhuc rubet.'
to Westminster School
, of which Robert Freind
was then head-master. There he was 'admired,' 'for his talents, and beloved for the pleasantry of his manners, and forming many valuable friendships among his schoolfellows.' While still a boy at Westminster he acted in the play 'Julius Caesar
' before an audience including George II
and Queen Caroline
. His continuation of his part even when his plume of ostrich feathers caught fire attracted the notice of the queen, who continued his warm patroness till her death in 1737. From Westminster he moved to Christ Church, Oxford
. Having after receiving his B.A. degree on 25 November 1731, he joined his cousin, Thomas, duke of Leeds
, in the Grand Tour
. When he came home afterwards in 1735 his uncle
not only commented that he was not only 'untainted, but much improved'. He had been originally destined for the army, but on his return to England he went back to Christ Church and took his M.A. degree 13 June 1735. He then read divinity
with a view to his entrance into holy orders.
, Northumberland
, and by the influence of Queen Caroline, when only in his twenty-fifth year, appointed to a royal chaplaincy. In 1739, as heir of his great-grandfather, William Drummond, 1st Viscount Strathallan
, who had entailed a portion of his Perthshire
estates to form a provision for the second son of the
Kinnoull
family, he assumed the name and arms of Drummond
. As royal chaplain he gained the confidence and esteem of George II, whom he attended during the German campaign of 1743, and on 7 July of that year preached the thanksgiving sermon for the victory of Dettingen
before the king at Hanau
. On his return to England he entered on a prebendal
stall at Westminster, to which he had been appointed by his royal patron in the
preceding April. On 9 June 1745 he was admitted B.D.
and D.D. at Oxford.
in Kensington Church on 24 April 1748. The thirteen years spent by him in this see were among the happiest of his life. He was deservedly respected, and we are told that he 'constantly mentioned the diocese with peculiar affection and delight.' He would seem to have dispensed the large patronage of the see with sound judgement. He was not, however, in advance of his age. He made no attempt to popularise the church among the Welsh-speaking population of the diocese, and publicly expressed his hope that 'that people would see it their best interest to enlarge their views and notions, and to unite with the rest of their fellow-subjects in language as well as in government'.
. Here, however, he remained only a few months. He was elected to Salisbury in June; the following August the diocese of York
became vacant by the death of Archbishop Gilbert, and Drummond was at once chosen as his successor. 'Previous to the coronation,' writes Horace Walpole
, 'the vacant bishoprics were bestowed. York was given to Drummond, a man of parts and of the world,' and 'a dignified and accomplished prelate.' His election took place on 3 October, and his confirmation on 23 October. As a proof of the high esteem in which he was held and of his reputation as a preacher, he was selected while archbishop-designate to preach the sermon at the coronation of George III
and Queen Charlotte
, on 22 September 1761. This sermon was pronounced by contemporary critics as 'sensible and spirited' and 'free from fulsome panegyrick.' The style is dignified and the language well chosen, and the relative duties of monarch and subjects are set forth without flattery and without compromise.
, exercised considerable political power, and was an influential speaker in the House of Lords
. In 1753, when a charge was laid before the privy council against James Johnson
, Bishop of Gloucester
, together with Mr. Stone and William Murray
, afterwards Lord Mansfield
, of having drunk the Pretender
's health, he defended his old schoolfellows with so much earnestness and eloquence that he secured their acquittal, and the proposed inquiry was negatived in the House of Lords by a large majority, George II remarking that 'he was indeed a man to make a friend of.'
in Yorkshire
, of which we are told he 'made an elegant retreat,' he devoted himself to the vigorous oversight of his diocese and the education of his children, which he personally superintended. In 1749 he married Henrietta, daughter of Peter Auriol, a merchant of London, by whom he had a numerous family. He instructed his children himself. History, of which he had an extensive and accurate knowledge, was his favourite subject, and his son gratefully records 'the perspicuous and engaging manner' in which he imparted his instruction, and the lucidity with which he traced the continuity and connection of all history, sacred and profane, 'with the zeal and fervour of honest conviction.' For the use of his children he drew up some clear and comprehensive chronological tables.
, and did not scruple to express freely his dislike of passages in the Articles
and Homilies which appeared to favour those tenets. He fully shared in the suspicion which in that age of formality attached to the term 'enthusiasm
,' which he vehemently denounced, while he was equally ardent in defence of what he styled 'the decent services and rational doctrines of the church of England.' Noble manners, an engaging disposition, affable and condescending address, a genial and good-humoured bearing, even if some allowance is made for partiality in description, make up an attractive portrait. His hospitality was generous, even to excess, and if the gossip of the day is to be credited his own example did not place any severe restraint on the clergy who gathered round his table. On his death Horace Walpole speaks of him as 'a sensible, worldly man, but much addicted to his bottle '. His son more guardedly records that 'wherever he lived hospitality presided; wherever he was present elegance, festivity, and good humour were sure to be found'. His very failings were those of a 'heart warm even to impetuosity.' His open-handed, generous character was manifested in the splendid additions he made to the archiepiscopal palace
at Bishopthorpe
, where he also erected a new gateway, ornamented the chapel at great cost, and rebuilt the parish church in the taste of the day. It deserves notice that, in an age when the fine arts suffered from prevalent neglect, the archbishop proved himself a liberal patron of English artists.
, succeeded his uncle, Thomas Hay
, as tenth earl of Kinnoull
, 1787. A portrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds
was engraved by Watson. A small medallion portrait is prefixed to his sermons.
Archbishop of York
The Archbishop of York is a high-ranking cleric in the Church of England, second only to the Archbishop of Canterbury. He is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of York and metropolitan of the Province of York, which covers the northern portion of England as well as the Isle of Man...
from 1761 to 1776.
Origins and birth
Hay was the second son of George Hay, Viscount DupplinGeorge Hay, 8th Earl of Kinnoull
George Henry Hay, 8th Earl of Kinnoull was a British peer and diplomat.He was the son of Thomas Hay, 7th Earl of Kinnoull....
(who succeeded his father as eighth Earl of Kinnoull
Earl of Kinnoull
Earl of Kinnoull is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1633 for George Hay, 1st Viscount of Dupplin. Other associated titles are: Viscount Dupplin , Lord Hay of Kinfauns and Baron Hay of Pedwardine . The former two are in the Peerage of Scotland, while the last is in the Peerage...
, in 1719), and Abigail, the youngest daughter of Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer, Lord High Treasurer
Lord High Treasurer
The post of Lord High Treasurer or Lord Treasurer was an English government position and has been a British government position since the Act of Union of 1707. A holder of the post would be the third highest ranked Great Officer of State, below the Lord High Chancellor and above the Lord President...
. He was born in London on 10 November 1711. His birth was mentioned by Jonathan Swift
Jonathan Swift
Jonathan Swift was an Irish satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer , poet and cleric who became Dean of St...
in the Letters to Stella, and his infancy is thus referred to by Richard Bentley
Richard Bentley
Richard Bentley was an English classical scholar, critic, and theologian. He was Master of Trinity College, Cambridge....
in the dedication of his edition of Horace
Horace
Quintus Horatius Flaccus , known in the English-speaking world as Horace, was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus.-Life:...
to Lord Oxford, on 8 December 1711: 'Parvulos duos ex filia nepotes, quorum alter a matre adhuc rubet.'
Education
When six years old he was 'carried' by Matthew PriorMatthew Prior
Matthew Prior was an English poet and diplomat.Prior was the son of a Nonconformist joiner at Wimborne Minster, East Dorset. His father moved to London, and sent him to Westminster School, under Dr. Busby. On his father's death, he left school, and was cared for by his uncle, a vintner in Channel...
to Westminster School
Westminster School
The Royal College of St. Peter in Westminster, almost always known as Westminster School, is one of Britain's leading independent schools, with the highest Oxford and Cambridge acceptance rate of any secondary school or college in Britain...
, of which Robert Freind
Robert Freind
Robert Freind , was headmaster of Westminster School.Freind eldest son of the Rev. William Freind , rector of Croughton, Northamptonshire, was born at Croughton in 1667, and at an early age was sent to Westminster School, where he was admitted upon the foundation in 1680...
was then head-master. There he was 'admired,' 'for his talents, and beloved for the pleasantry of his manners, and forming many valuable friendships among his schoolfellows.' While still a boy at Westminster he acted in the play 'Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar (play)
The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, also known simply as Julius Caesar, is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1599. It portrays the 44 BC conspiracy against...
' before an audience including George II
George II of Great Britain
George II was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Archtreasurer and Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 until his death.George was the last British monarch born outside Great Britain. He was born and brought up in Northern Germany...
and Queen Caroline
Caroline of Ansbach
Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach was the queen consort of King George II of Great Britain.Her father, John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, was the ruler of a small German state...
. His continuation of his part even when his plume of ostrich feathers caught fire attracted the notice of the queen, who continued his warm patroness till her death in 1737. From Westminster he moved to Christ Church, Oxford
Christ Church, Oxford
Christ Church or house of Christ, and thus sometimes known as The House), is one of the largest constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England...
. Having after receiving his B.A. degree on 25 November 1731, he joined his cousin, Thomas, duke of Leeds
Thomas Osborne, 4th Duke of Leeds
Thomas Osborne, 4th Duke of Leeds KG, PC, DL, FRS , styled Earl of Danby from birth until 1729 and subsequently Marquess of Carmarthen until 1731, was a British peer, politician and judge.-Background:...
, in the Grand Tour
Grand Tour
The Grand Tour was the traditional trip of Europe undertaken by mainly upper-class European young men of means. The custom flourished from about 1660 until the advent of large-scale rail transit in the 1840s, and was associated with a standard itinerary. It served as an educational rite of passage...
. When he came home afterwards in 1735 his uncle
Edward Harley, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer
Edward Harley, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer , styled Lord Harley between 1711 and 1724, was a British politician, bibliophile, collector and patron of the arts.-Background:...
not only commented that he was not only 'untainted, but much improved'. He had been originally destined for the army, but on his return to England he went back to Christ Church and took his M.A. degree 13 June 1735. He then read divinity
Divinity (academic discipline)
Divinity is the study of Christian and other theology and ministry at a school, divinity school, university, or seminary. The term is sometimes a synonym for theology as an academic, speculative pursuit, and sometimes is used for the study of applied theology and ministry to make a distinction...
with a view to his entrance into holy orders.
Royal favour
In the year of his ordination he was presented by his uncle to the family living of BothalBothal
Bothal is a village in Northumberland, in England. It is situated between Morpeth and Ashington. There is a castle, a church, a vicarage opposite the church gates, some stepping stones over the River Wansbeck, a few houses and that's about it really. A nice quiet place.Bothal was the headquarters...
, Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland is the northernmost ceremonial county and a unitary district in North East England. For Eurostat purposes Northumberland is a NUTS 3 region and is one of three boroughs or unitary districts that comprise the "Northumberland and Tyne and Wear" NUTS 2 region...
, and by the influence of Queen Caroline, when only in his twenty-fifth year, appointed to a royal chaplaincy. In 1739, as heir of his great-grandfather, William Drummond, 1st Viscount Strathallan
William Drummond, 1st Viscount Strathallan
William Drummond, first Viscount of Strathallan , was a royalist general.Drummond was the fifth and youngest son of John Drummond, second Baron Maderty, by his wife, Helen, eldest daughter of Patrick Lesly, commendator of Lindores...
, who had entailed a portion of his Perthshire
Perthshire
Perthshire, officially the County of Perth , is a registration county in central Scotland. It extends from Strathmore in the east, to the Pass of Drumochter in the north, Rannoch Moor and Ben Lui in the west, and Aberfoyle in the south...
estates to form a provision for the second son of the
Kinnoull
Earl of Kinnoull
Earl of Kinnoull is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1633 for George Hay, 1st Viscount of Dupplin. Other associated titles are: Viscount Dupplin , Lord Hay of Kinfauns and Baron Hay of Pedwardine . The former two are in the Peerage of Scotland, while the last is in the Peerage...
family, he assumed the name and arms of Drummond
Clan Drummond
Clan Drummond is a Scottish clan deriving its name from the parish of Drymen, in what was western Stirlingshire. Legend gives Maurice of Hungary as founder of the clan...
. As royal chaplain he gained the confidence and esteem of George II, whom he attended during the German campaign of 1743, and on 7 July of that year preached the thanksgiving sermon for the victory of Dettingen
Battle of Dettingen
The Battle of Dettingen took place on 27 June 1743 at Dettingen in Bavaria during the War of the Austrian Succession. It was the last time that a British monarch personally led his troops into battle...
before the king at Hanau
Hanau
Hanau is a town in the Main-Kinzig-Kreis, in Hesse, Germany. It is located 25 km east of Frankfurt am Main. Its station is a major railway junction.- Geography :...
. On his return to England he entered on a prebendal
Prebendary
A prebendary is a post connected to an Anglican or Catholic cathedral or collegiate church and is a type of canon. Prebendaries have a role in the administration of the cathedral...
stall at Westminster, to which he had been appointed by his royal patron in the
preceding April. On 9 June 1745 he was admitted B.D.
Bachelor of Divinity
In Western universities, a Bachelor of Divinity is usually an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course taken in the study of divinity or related disciplines, such as theology or, rarely, religious studies....
and D.D. at Oxford.
Bishop of St Asaph
Drummond was consecrated Bishop of St AsaphBishop of St Asaph
The Bishop of St Asaph heads the Church in Wales diocese of St Asaph.The diocese covers the counties of Conwy and Flintshire, Wrexham county borough, the eastern part of Merioneth in Gwynedd and part of northern Powys. The Episcopal seat is located in the Cathedral Church of St Asaph in the town of...
in Kensington Church on 24 April 1748. The thirteen years spent by him in this see were among the happiest of his life. He was deservedly respected, and we are told that he 'constantly mentioned the diocese with peculiar affection and delight.' He would seem to have dispensed the large patronage of the see with sound judgement. He was not, however, in advance of his age. He made no attempt to popularise the church among the Welsh-speaking population of the diocese, and publicly expressed his hope that 'that people would see it their best interest to enlarge their views and notions, and to unite with the rest of their fellow-subjects in language as well as in government'.
Archbishop of York
In 1761 Drummond was translated to SalisburyBishop of Salisbury
The Bishop of Salisbury is the ordinary of the Church of England's Diocese of Salisbury in the Province of Canterbury.The diocese covers much of the counties of Wiltshire and Dorset...
. Here, however, he remained only a few months. He was elected to Salisbury in June; the following August the diocese of York
Diocese of York
The Diocese of York is an administrative division of the Church of England, part of the Province of York. It covers the city of York, the eastern part of North Yorkshire, and most of the East Riding of Yorkshire....
became vacant by the death of Archbishop Gilbert, and Drummond was at once chosen as his successor. 'Previous to the coronation,' writes Horace Walpole
Horace Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford
Horatio Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford was an English art historian, man of letters, antiquarian and Whig politician. He is now largely remembered for Strawberry Hill, the home he built in Twickenham, south-west London where he revived the Gothic style some decades before his Victorian successors,...
, 'the vacant bishoprics were bestowed. York was given to Drummond, a man of parts and of the world,' and 'a dignified and accomplished prelate.' His election took place on 3 October, and his confirmation on 23 October. As a proof of the high esteem in which he was held and of his reputation as a preacher, he was selected while archbishop-designate to preach the sermon at the coronation of George III
George III of the United Kingdom
George III was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death...
and Queen Charlotte
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was the Queen consort of the United Kingdom as the wife of King George III...
, on 22 September 1761. This sermon was pronounced by contemporary critics as 'sensible and spirited' and 'free from fulsome panegyrick.' The style is dignified and the language well chosen, and the relative duties of monarch and subjects are set forth without flattery and without compromise.
Political influence
Drummond now became Lord High Almoner to the young king. He is stated to have reformed many abuses connected with the office, and to have put a stop to the system by which persons of rank and wealth had been accustomed to make use of the royal bounty to secure a provision for persons having private claims upon them. During the life of George II Drummond, who was a whig and an adherent of the Duke of NewcastleThomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and 1st Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne, KG, PC was a British Whig statesman, whose official life extended throughout the Whig supremacy of the 18th century. He is commonly known as the Duke of Newcastle.A protégé of Sir Robert Walpole, he served...
, exercised considerable political power, and was an influential speaker in the House of Lords
House of Lords
The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster....
. In 1753, when a charge was laid before the privy council against James Johnson
James Johnson (bishop)
Rt. Rev. James Johnson DD was an English prelate, successively Bishop of Gloucester and of Worcester .-Life:James Johnson was born in Melford, Suffolk, to the Rev. James Johnson and Anne Cuthbert. His grandfather was George Johnson, a Judge and Councilor of Charles II...
, Bishop of Gloucester
Bishop of Gloucester
The Bishop of Gloucester is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Gloucester in the Province of Canterbury.The diocese covers the County of Gloucestershire and part of the County of Worcestershire and has its see in the City of Gloucester where the seat is located at the Cathedral Church...
, together with Mr. Stone and William Murray
William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield
William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, SL, PC was a British barrister, politician and judge noted for his reform of English law. Born to Scottish nobility, he was educated in Perth, Scotland before moving to London at the age of 13 to take up a place at Westminster School...
, afterwards Lord Mansfield
Earl of Mansfield and Mansfield
Earl of Mansfield, in the County of Nottingham, and Earl of Mansfield, of Caen Wood in the County of Middlesex, are two titles in the Peerage of Great Britain that have been united under a single holder since 1843...
, of having drunk the Pretender
Charles Edward Stuart
Prince Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart commonly known as Bonnie Prince Charlie or The Young Pretender was the second Jacobite pretender to the thrones of Great Britain , and Ireland...
's health, he defended his old schoolfellows with so much earnestness and eloquence that he secured their acquittal, and the proposed inquiry was negatived in the House of Lords by a large majority, George II remarking that 'he was indeed a man to make a friend of.'
Retirement and family life
The change of policy which speedily followed the accession of George III, when indignities were heaped upon the leading members of the old whig party, aroused the indignation and disgust of the archbishop. Except when his duty as a churchman called for it, he ceased his attendance at the House of Lords, and retiring to his own private mansion at BrodsworthBrodsworth
Brodsworth is a village and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster in South Yorkshire, England, situated about five miles north-west of Doncaster...
in Yorkshire
Yorkshire
Yorkshire is a historic county of northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom. Because of its great size in comparison to other English counties, functions have been increasingly undertaken over time by its subdivisions, which have also been subject to periodic reform...
, of which we are told he 'made an elegant retreat,' he devoted himself to the vigorous oversight of his diocese and the education of his children, which he personally superintended. In 1749 he married Henrietta, daughter of Peter Auriol, a merchant of London, by whom he had a numerous family. He instructed his children himself. History, of which he had an extensive and accurate knowledge, was his favourite subject, and his son gratefully records 'the perspicuous and engaging manner' in which he imparted his instruction, and the lucidity with which he traced the continuity and connection of all history, sacred and profane, 'with the zeal and fervour of honest conviction.' For the use of his children he drew up some clear and comprehensive chronological tables.
Reputation
As a bishop he was certainly quite on a level with the standard of his age. A somewhat extensive collection of his letters existing in manuscript proves him to have been a good, sensible, practical man of business. In his religious views he was strongly opposed to CalvinismCalvinism
Calvinism is a Protestant theological system and an approach to the Christian life...
, and did not scruple to express freely his dislike of passages in the Articles
Thirty-Nine Articles
The Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion are the historically defining statements of doctrines of the Anglican church with respect to the controversies of the English Reformation. First established in 1563, the articles served to define the doctrine of the nascent Church of England as it related to...
and Homilies which appeared to favour those tenets. He fully shared in the suspicion which in that age of formality attached to the term 'enthusiasm
Enthusiasm
Enthusiasm originally meant inspiration or possession by a divine afflatus or by the presence of a god. Johnson's Dictionary, the first comprehensive dictionary of the English language, defines enthusiasm as "a vain belief of private revelation; a vain confidence of divine favour or...
,' which he vehemently denounced, while he was equally ardent in defence of what he styled 'the decent services and rational doctrines of the church of England.' Noble manners, an engaging disposition, affable and condescending address, a genial and good-humoured bearing, even if some allowance is made for partiality in description, make up an attractive portrait. His hospitality was generous, even to excess, and if the gossip of the day is to be credited his own example did not place any severe restraint on the clergy who gathered round his table. On his death Horace Walpole speaks of him as 'a sensible, worldly man, but much addicted to his bottle '. His son more guardedly records that 'wherever he lived hospitality presided; wherever he was present elegance, festivity, and good humour were sure to be found'. His very failings were those of a 'heart warm even to impetuosity.' His open-handed, generous character was manifested in the splendid additions he made to the archiepiscopal palace
Bishopthorpe Palace
Bishopthorpe Palace is a stately home and historic house at Bishopthorpe south of York in the City of York unitary authority and ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England...
at Bishopthorpe
Bishopthorpe
Bishopthorpe is a village and civil parish three miles south of York in the City of York unitary authority and ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It is close to the River Ouse, and has a population of 3,174. Prior to 1996 it was part of the Selby district...
, where he also erected a new gateway, ornamented the chapel at great cost, and rebuilt the parish church in the taste of the day. It deserves notice that, in an age when the fine arts suffered from prevalent neglect, the archbishop proved himself a liberal patron of English artists.
Writings
Six of the archbishop's sermons which had been printed separately at the time of their delivery were collected by his youngest son, the Rev. George Hay Drummond, and published in one volume, Edinburgh, 1803, together with a short memoir and A Letter on Theological Study. These sermons display clearness of thought and force of expression, the matter is sensible and to the point, the composition is good, and the language dignified. The Letter on Theological Study was written to a young friend, and not intended for publication. The advice as to the selection of books is very sensible, and free from narrowness,wide reading being recommended, including works not strictly theological.Death and posterity
In 1766 he lost his eldest daughter at the age of sixteen, and in 1773 his wife died. He never recovered this last blow, and died at Bishopthorpe on 10 December 1776. By his own desire he was buried under the altar of the parish church, with as little pomp as possible. Of his five sons the eldest, Robert AuriolRobert Hay-Drummond, 10th Earl of Kinnoull
Robert Auriol Hay-Drummond, 10th Earl of Kinnoull was a peer of Scotland and Lord Lyon King of Arms. He was the son of the Most Reverend Robert Hay and Henrietta Auriol. On 19 April 1779, he married his first wife, Julia Eyre. On 8 June 1781, he married again, this time to Sarah Harley...
, succeeded his uncle, Thomas Hay
Thomas Hay, 9th Earl of Kinnoull
Thomas Hay, 9th Earl of Kinnoull PC was a Scottish peer and British politician.Hay was elected for Scarborough in 1736, but his election was overturned on petition. He sat as Member of Parliament for Cambridge from 1741 until 1758...
, as tenth earl of Kinnoull
Earl of Kinnoull
Earl of Kinnoull is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1633 for George Hay, 1st Viscount of Dupplin. Other associated titles are: Viscount Dupplin , Lord Hay of Kinfauns and Baron Hay of Pedwardine . The former two are in the Peerage of Scotland, while the last is in the Peerage...
, 1787. A portrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds
Joshua Reynolds
Sir Joshua Reynolds RA FRS FRSA was an influential 18th-century English painter, specialising in portraits and promoting the "Grand Style" in painting which depended on idealization of the imperfect. He was one of the founders and first President of the Royal Academy...
was engraved by Watson. A small medallion portrait is prefixed to his sermons.