Rilonacept
Encyclopedia
Rilonacept also known as IL-1 Trap (marketed by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals under the trade name Arcalyst), is a dimeric fusion protein
Fusion protein
Fusion proteins or chimeric proteins are proteins created through the joining of two or more genes which originally coded for separate proteins. Translation of this fusion gene results in a single polypeptide with functional properties derived from each of the original proteins...

  consisting of the extracellular domain of human interleukin-1 receptor
Interleukin-1 receptor
Interleukin-1 receptor is a cytokine receptor which binds interleukin 1. Two forms of the receptor exist. The type I receptor is primarily responsible for transmitting the inflammatory effects of interleukin-1 while type II receptors may act as a suppressor of IL-1 activity by competing for...

 and the FC domain
Fragment crystallizable region
The fragment crystallizable region is the tail region of an antibody that interacts with cell surface receptors called Fc receptors and some proteins of the complement system. This property allows antibodies to activate the immune system...

 of human IgG1
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin G are antibody molecules. Each IgG is composed of four peptide chains — two heavy chains γ and two light chains. Each IgG has two antigen binding sites. Other immunoglobulins may be described in terms of polymers with the IgG structure considered the monomer.IgG constitutes 75%...

 that binds and neutralizes IL-1.

Rilonacept is used for the treatment of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome
Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome
Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome is a spectrum of autoinflammatory syndromes including familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome , the Muckle-Wells syndrome , and neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease...

s (CAPS), including familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, Muckle-Wells syndrome
Muckle-Wells syndrome
Muckle–Wells syndrome , also known as , is a rare autosomal dominant disease which causes sensorineural deafness, recurrent hives, and can lead to amyloidosis. Individuals with MWS often have episodic fever, chills, and painful joints. As a result, MWS is considered a type of periodic fever syndrome...

 and neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease
Neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease
Neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease is a rare genetic periodic fever syndrome which causes uncontrolled inflammation in multiple parts of the body starting in the newborn period...

(not approved in the U.S. on this indication).

It is an interleukin-1 inhibitor.

It was given an "Orphan Drug
Orphan drug
An orphan drug is a pharmaceutical agent that has been developed specifically to treat a rare medical condition, the condition itself being referred to as an orphan disease...

" status by the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

 Food and Drug Administration
Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug Administration is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments...

. It was approved by the FDA on February 2008.

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