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Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke

 

 
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Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
 
 
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Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Lord of Leinster, Justiciar
Justiciar

In medieval England and Ireland the Chief Justiciar was roughly equivalent to a modern Prime Minister of the United Kingdom as the monarch's chief Political minister....
 of Ireland (1130 – 20 April 1176), known as Strongbow, was a Cambro-Norman
Cambro-Norman

Cambro-Norman is a term used for Normans knights who settled in southern Wales after the Norman conquest of England in 1066. Some historians suggest that the term is to be preferred to Anglo-Norman for the Normans who invaded Ireland after 1170 ? many of whom originated in Wales....
 lord notable for his leading role in the Norman invasion of Ireland
Norman Invasion of Ireland

The Norman invasion of Ireland was a Norman military expedition to Ireland that took place on 1 May 1169 at the behest of Dermot MacMurrough , the King of Leinster....
.

He was the son of Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke
Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke

Gilbert de Clare, son of Gilbert Fitz Richard Earl of Clare and Alice de Claremont. Sometimes referred to as "Strongbow" but his son is better remembered by this name....
 and Isabel de Beaumont
Isabel de Beaumont

Isabel de Beaumont, of the House of Brienne, was the daughter of Henry de Beaumont and Alice Comyn. She married Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster in 1330....
. His father Gilbert died when Richard was about eighteen years old, and he inherited the title Earl of Pembroke
Earl of Pembroke

The Earldom of Pembroke, associated with Pembroke Castle in Wales, was created by King Stephen of England. Several times the line has become extinct, and the Earldom has been re-created, starting the count over again with a new first Earl....
, but had either forfeited or lost it by 1168.

Ireland
In 1168 Dermot MacMurrough
Dermot MacMurrough

Diarmaid Mac Murchadha , anglicized as Dermot MacMurrough was a Kings of Leinster in Ireland. Ousted as King of Leinster in 1166, he sought military assistance from Henry II of England to retake his kingdom....
 (Diarmait Mac Murchada), King of Leinster, driven out of his kingdom by Turlough O'Connor
Tairrdelbach mac Ruaidri Ua Conchobair

Tairrdelbach mac Ruaidri Ua Conchobair , whose name is often anglicised to Turlough M?r O' Connor, was Kings of Connacht and became the first High King of Ireland from west of the River Shannon in centuries....
 (Irish Tairrdelbach mac Ruaidri Ua Conchobair), High King of Ireland
High King of Ireland

A High King of Ireland is a historical or legendary figure who claimed lordship over the whole of Ireland. The High-Kingship was never a political reality in Ireland, but has a strong literary and folkore tradition....
 with the help of Tiernan O'Rourke
Tigernán Ua Ruairc

Tighearn?n Ua Ruairc, anglicized as Tiernan O'Rourke was king of Kingdom of Breifne, an area encompassing the modern diocese of Kilmore in Ireland, and including the area which in later times became known as from c....
 (Irish Tigernán Ua Ruairc), came to solicit help from Henry II
Henry II of England

Henry II, called Curtmantle ruled as King of England , Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland and western France....
.

He was pointed in the direction of Richard and other Marcher barons and knights by King Henry, who was always looking to extend his power in Ireland
Ireland

Ireland is the List of islands by area in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the north-west of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islet....
.






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Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Lord of Leinster, Justiciar
Justiciar

In medieval England and Ireland the Chief Justiciar was roughly equivalent to a modern Prime Minister of the United Kingdom as the monarch's chief Political minister....
 of Ireland (1130 – 20 April 1176), known as Strongbow, was a Cambro-Norman
Cambro-Norman

Cambro-Norman is a term used for Normans knights who settled in southern Wales after the Norman conquest of England in 1066. Some historians suggest that the term is to be preferred to Anglo-Norman for the Normans who invaded Ireland after 1170 ? many of whom originated in Wales....
 lord notable for his leading role in the Norman invasion of Ireland
Norman Invasion of Ireland

The Norman invasion of Ireland was a Norman military expedition to Ireland that took place on 1 May 1169 at the behest of Dermot MacMurrough , the King of Leinster....
.

He was the son of Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke
Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke

Gilbert de Clare, son of Gilbert Fitz Richard Earl of Clare and Alice de Claremont. Sometimes referred to as "Strongbow" but his son is better remembered by this name....
 and Isabel de Beaumont
Isabel de Beaumont

Isabel de Beaumont, of the House of Brienne, was the daughter of Henry de Beaumont and Alice Comyn. She married Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster in 1330....
. His father Gilbert died when Richard was about eighteen years old, and he inherited the title Earl of Pembroke
Earl of Pembroke

The Earldom of Pembroke, associated with Pembroke Castle in Wales, was created by King Stephen of England. Several times the line has become extinct, and the Earldom has been re-created, starting the count over again with a new first Earl....
, but had either forfeited or lost it by 1168.

Ireland


In 1168 Dermot MacMurrough
Dermot MacMurrough

Diarmaid Mac Murchadha , anglicized as Dermot MacMurrough was a Kings of Leinster in Ireland. Ousted as King of Leinster in 1166, he sought military assistance from Henry II of England to retake his kingdom....
 (Diarmait Mac Murchada), King of Leinster, driven out of his kingdom by Turlough O'Connor
Tairrdelbach mac Ruaidri Ua Conchobair

Tairrdelbach mac Ruaidri Ua Conchobair , whose name is often anglicised to Turlough M?r O' Connor, was Kings of Connacht and became the first High King of Ireland from west of the River Shannon in centuries....
 (Irish Tairrdelbach mac Ruaidri Ua Conchobair), High King of Ireland
High King of Ireland

A High King of Ireland is a historical or legendary figure who claimed lordship over the whole of Ireland. The High-Kingship was never a political reality in Ireland, but has a strong literary and folkore tradition....
 with the help of Tiernan O'Rourke
Tigernán Ua Ruairc

Tighearn?n Ua Ruairc, anglicized as Tiernan O'Rourke was king of Kingdom of Breifne, an area encompassing the modern diocese of Kilmore in Ireland, and including the area which in later times became known as from c....
 (Irish Tigernán Ua Ruairc), came to solicit help from Henry II
Henry II of England

Henry II, called Curtmantle ruled as King of England , Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland and western France....
.

He was pointed in the direction of Richard and other Marcher barons and knights by King Henry, who was always looking to extend his power in Ireland
Ireland

Ireland is the List of islands by area in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the north-west of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islet....
. Diarmuid secured the services of Richard, promising him the hand of his daughter Aoife and the succession to Leinster. An army was assembled that included Welsh
Wales

native_name = Cymru|conventional_long_name = Wales|common_name = Wales|image_flag = Flag of Wales 2.svg|national_motto = ...
 archers. The army, under Raymond le Gros
Raymond Fitzgerald

Raymond or Redmond FitzGerald, nicknamed Le Gros, was a Cambro-Norman commander during the Norman invasion of Ireland.He was the son of William FitzGerald, brother of Odo de Carew and grandson of Gerald de Windsor....
, took Wexford
Wexford

Wexford is the county town of County Wexford in Republic of Ireland. It is situated near the south-eastern tip of Ireland, close to Rosslare Europort....
, Waterford
Waterford

Waterford is the primary city of the South East region. Founded in 914 in Ireland AD, by the Vikings, it is Ireland's oldest city. It is the fifth largest city in the country of Republic of Ireland....
 and Dublin
Dublin

Dublin is both the largest city and capital of Republic of Ireland. It is located near the midpoint of Ireland's east coast, at the mouth of the River Liffey and at the centre of the Dublin Region....
 in 1169 and 1170, and Strongbow joined them in August 1170. The day after the capture of Waterford, he married MacMorrough's daughter, Aoife of Leinster. The success was bittersweet, as King Henry, concerned that his barons would become too powerful and independent overseas, ordered all the troops to return by Easter 1171. However, in May of that year, Diarmuid died, and Strongbow claimed the kingship of Leinster in the right of his wife. The old King's death was the signal of a general rising, and Richard barely managed to keep Roderick out of Dublin
Dublin

Dublin is both the largest city and capital of Republic of Ireland. It is located near the midpoint of Ireland's east coast, at the mouth of the River Liffey and at the centre of the Dublin Region....
. Immediately afterwards, Richard hurried to England to solicit help from Henry II, and in return surrendered to him all his lands and castles. Henry invaded in October 1172, staying six months and putting his own men into nearly all the important places, and assumed the title Lord of Ireland
Lordship of Ireland

The Lordship of Ireland was the nominally all-island Irish state created in the wake of the Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169-71....
. Richard kept only Kildare
Kildare

Kildare is a town in County Kildare, Republic of Ireland. Its population of 7,538 makes it the seventh largest town in Kildare and the 55th largest in the Republic of Ireland, with a growth rate of 32.4pc since the 2002 census....
, and found himself again largely disenfranchised.

In 1173, Henry's sons rose against him
Revolt of 1173-1174

The Revolt of 1173–1174 was a rebellion against Henry II of England by three of his sons, his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine and rebel supporters....
 in Normandy
Normandy

Normandy is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. It is situated along the coast of France south of the English Channel between Brittany and Picardy and comprises territory in northern France and the Channel Islands....
, and Richard went to France with the King. As a reward for his service he was reinstated in Leinster and made governor of Ireland, where he faced near-constant rebellion. In 1174, he advanced into Connaught and was severely defeated, but Raymond le Gros, his chief general, re-established his supremacy in Leinster. After another rebellion, in 1176, Raymond took Limerick
Limerick

Limerick is the third largest city in the Republic of Ireland and the county seat of County Limerick in the province of Munster, in the midwest of Republic of Ireland....
 for Richard, but just at this moment of triumph, Strongbow died of an infection in his foot.

Legacy

Strongbow was the statesman, whereas Raymond was the soldier, of the conquest. He is vividly described by Giraldus Cambrensis
Giraldus Cambrensis

Gerald of Wales , also known as Gerallt Gymro in Welsh language or Giraldus Cambrensis in Latin, archdeacon of Brecon, was a medieval clergyman and English historians in the Middle Ages....
 as a tall and fair man, of pleasing appearance, modest in his bearing, delicate in features, of a low voice, but sage in council and the idol of his soldiers. He was buried in Dublin's Christ Church Cathedral
Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin

Christ Church Cathedral in Dublin is the elder of the city's two medi?val cathedrals, the other being St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin....
 where his alleged effigy
Effigy

An effigy is a representation of a person, especially in the form of sculpture.The term is usually associated with full-length figures of a deceased person depicted in stone or wood on church monuments....
 can be viewed. Strongbow's original tomb-effigy was destroyed when the roof of the Cathedral collapsed in the 16th century. The one that is on display now actually bears the coat of arms of the Earls of Kildare and dates from c.15th century.

He left a young son Gilbert who died in 1185 while still a minor, and a daughter Isabel. King Henry II promised Isabel in marriage to William the Marshal
William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke

William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke , also called William the Marshal , was an Anglo Norman soldier and statesman. He has been described as the "greatest knight that ever lived" ....
 together with her father's lands and title. Strongbow's widow, Aoife, lived on to 1188, when she is last found in a charter.

Richard also held the title of Lord Marshal of England.



See also

  • The Song of Dermot and the Earl
  • De Lacy
    De Lacy

    de Lacy is the surname of an old Normans noble family originating from Lassy, Calvados. The first records are about Hugh de Lacy . Descendents of Hugh de Lacy left Normandy and traveled to England along with William I of England....


External links

  • Catherine Armstrong