Resonance method of ice destruction
Encyclopedia
The Resonance method of ice destruction can be used by any vehicle capable of traveling on ice cover with sufficient speed and imposing sufficient load. There have been cases of destruction of ice by flexural gravity waves (FGW) produced by moving cars, trains on railway crossings, aircraft during takeoff and landing, etc. However, at present the most appropriate vehicles for implementation of the method are amphibious hovercraft
, also known as air cushion vehicles (ACV).
The primary means to break the ice cover
is the icebreaker
fleet. However, large energy consumption for the destruction of the ice, the inability to perform icebreaking operations in shallow waters because of the deep draught
of icebreakers, and other difficulties, have prompted a search for fundamentally new ways of destruction of ice. One of them is designed by Viktor Kozin
author of the study: "Resonance method of destruction of ice cover".
of the FGW, the water ceases to support the ice sheet and support is achieved only by the elastic properties of the ice. The amplitude of the FGW increase sharply and, with a sufficient load, destruction begins. The power consumption is several times lower (depending on the thickness of the ice) compared with icebreakers and ice-breaking attachments. This method of ice destruction is known as the resonance
method.
in hovercraft can break the ice in pools of any depth.
Using a hovercraft for destruction of ice is desirable because this type of vehicle makes possible a combination of transport and ice-breaking, and its all-terrain qualities facilitate year-round operation.
The high speed of destruction of ice by hovercraft can effectively make an early opening of individual sections of rivers and reservoirs. This may not only increase the period of navigation, but also prevent the phenomenon of mash. Working an ACV in the resonant regime is effective not only on surface ice, but also on deep ice, and this can prevent disasters occurring during freeze-up and drifting
.
has obtained experimental theoretical curves, which reveal all the possibilities of his method.
Hovercraft
A hovercraft is a craft capable of traveling over surfaces while supported by a cushion of slow moving, high-pressure air which is ejected against the surface below and contained within a "skirt." Although supported by air, a hovercraft is not considered an aircraft.Hovercraft are used throughout...
, also known as air cushion vehicles (ACV).
The primary means to break the ice cover
Sea ice
Sea ice is largely formed from seawater that freezes. Because the oceans consist of saltwater, this occurs below the freezing point of pure water, at about -1.8 °C ....
is the icebreaker
Icebreaker
An icebreaker is a special-purpose ship or boat designed to move and navigate through ice-covered waters. Although the term usually refers to ice-breaking ships, it may also refer to smaller vessels .For a ship to be considered an icebreaker, it requires three traits most...
fleet. However, large energy consumption for the destruction of the ice, the inability to perform icebreaking operations in shallow waters because of the deep draught
Draft (hull)
The draft of a ship's hull is the vertical distance between the waterline and the bottom of the hull , with the thickness of the hull included; in the case of not being included the draft outline would be obtained...
of icebreakers, and other difficulties, have prompted a search for fundamentally new ways of destruction of ice. One of them is designed by Viktor Kozin
Viktor Kozin
Viktor Mikhailovich Kozin is a Russian naval engineer, ship designer and inventor of a new method of icebreaking, called the resonance method of ice destruction. He received his Assistant Professorship in Technical Sciences for his work Mechanics of deformable solids in Vladivostok in 1994...
author of the study: "Resonance method of destruction of ice cover".
Overview
It is known that the motion of a load over ice cover develops a system of flexural gravity waves (FGW). This is a combination of flexural vibrations of the ice plate and associated gravitational waves in the water. When the velocity of the load is close to the minimum phase velocityPhase velocity
The phase velocity of a wave is the rate at which the phase of the wave propagates in space. This is the speed at which the phase of any one frequency component of the wave travels. For such a component, any given phase of the wave will appear to travel at the phase velocity...
of the FGW, the water ceases to support the ice sheet and support is achieved only by the elastic properties of the ice. The amplitude of the FGW increase sharply and, with a sufficient load, destruction begins. The power consumption is several times lower (depending on the thickness of the ice) compared with icebreakers and ice-breaking attachments. This method of ice destruction is known as the resonance
Resonance
In physics, resonance is the tendency of a system to oscillate at a greater amplitude at some frequencies than at others. These are known as the system's resonant frequencies...
method.
Advantages
The advantages of hovercraft are: the lack of exposure of the vehicle body to the ice, the ability to cross safely over snow and ice cover, broken ice, and open water. The virtual absence of draughtDraft (hull)
The draft of a ship's hull is the vertical distance between the waterline and the bottom of the hull , with the thickness of the hull included; in the case of not being included the draft outline would be obtained...
in hovercraft can break the ice in pools of any depth.
Using a hovercraft for destruction of ice is desirable because this type of vehicle makes possible a combination of transport and ice-breaking, and its all-terrain qualities facilitate year-round operation.
The high speed of destruction of ice by hovercraft can effectively make an early opening of individual sections of rivers and reservoirs. This may not only increase the period of navigation, but also prevent the phenomenon of mash. Working an ACV in the resonant regime is effective not only on surface ice, but also on deep ice, and this can prevent disasters occurring during freeze-up and drifting
Drift ice
Drift ice is ice that floats on the surface of the water in cold regions, as opposed to fast ice, which is attached to a shore. Usually drift ice is carried along by winds and sea currents, hence its name, "drift ice"....
.
Research
Scientist Viktor KozinViktor Kozin
Viktor Mikhailovich Kozin is a Russian naval engineer, ship designer and inventor of a new method of icebreaking, called the resonance method of ice destruction. He received his Assistant Professorship in Technical Sciences for his work Mechanics of deformable solids in Vladivostok in 1994...
has obtained experimental theoretical curves, which reveal all the possibilities of his method.
Literature
- Kornev, A.A., Krestyaninov V.F. Levschanov L.P. Ryabinkin A.B. Full-scale study of ice fracture resonance method amphibious hovercraft / Design Considerations vessels in ice. Intercollegiate Sat Scient. Proceedings .- 1988 .- Gorkiy p. 107-117.
- Sea Technology: Providing Safe Submarine Surfacing From Under Ice Cover. Sea Technology, November, 2010, №11
Patents
- Method of ice cover destruction, RF Patent № 1605471 from 19.11.1993 Kozin V.M.
- Method of destruction of ice hovercraftRussian Patent № 1766012 from 01.06.1992 Kozin V.M.
Publications in refereed journals
- Kozin V.M., Pogorelov, AV Wave resistance amphibious hovercraft when driving on ice. / Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics. - Novosibirsk: Publishing House SB RAS. - 2003. - T. 44. - № 2. - S. 49-55
- Kozin V.M., Pogorelova A.V. Mathematical Modeling of Shocr Loading of Solid Ice Cover / / The Sixth (2004) ISOPE Pacific / Asia Offshore Mechanics Syptember 12-16, 2004, Vladivostok Russia
- Kozin V.M., Pogorelova A.V. Mathematical Modeliing of Shock Loadiing of a Solid Ice Cover / / International Jornal of Offshore and Polar Engineeriing (ISSN 10.53-5381) Copright © by International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers. Vol., 1916, № 1, march, 2005, pp. 1–4
- Kozin V.M., Pogorelova A.V. Nonstationary Motion of Amphibian Air-Cushion Vehicll on Ice Fields / / The Seventh (2006) ISOPE Pacific / Asia Offshore Mechanics Simposium. Dalian, China, September, 17-21, 2006
Articles in scientific books and periodical publications
- Kozin V.M., Pogorelova A.V. Viscoelastic response of floating ice plate to a stationary moving SVPA. In Sat "Far Eastern. Mathematical School-Seminar. Acad. E.V. Zolotov. - Vladivostok: Izd Dalnvost. Press, 2003. - P. 117
- V.M. Kozin, A.V. Onischuk Investigation of one of the problems surfacing submarine vessels in the ice cover. / / Modern technologies in shipbuilding education, science and industry., Nizhny Novgorod, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 2003
Publications in materials research activities
- Kozin V.M., Pogorelova, A.V. New perspectives in the use of amphibious hovercraft. Proceedings of the International Forum on science, technology and education. T2/pod edited VPSavinykh, V.V.Vishnevskogo.-M.: Academy of Earth Sciences, 2004, p. 98-99
- Kozin V.M., Tereschenkova ES Analysis of the causes and the recommended methods of destruction of congestion. Problems of continuum mechanics and related problems of mechanical engineering: Sat. Reports of the Third Conference. Vladivostok, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, September, 2004. Komsomolsk-on-Amur: IMiM FEBRAS, 2005, p. 130-133
- Kozin V.M. Lomakin N.S. Problems outlined with hovercrafts. Problems of continuum mechanics and related problems of mechanical engineering: Sat. Reports of the Third Conference. Vladivostok, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, September, 2004. Komsomolsk-on-Amur: IMiM FEBRAS, 2005, p. 134-137
- Kozin V.M., Koloshenko JB Experimental studies of deformation of the ice cover caused by moving loads. Problems of continuum mechanics and related problems of mechanical engineering: Sat. Reports of the Third Conference. Vladivostok, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, September, 2004. Komsomolsk-on-Amur: IMiM FEBRAS, 2005, p. 138-142