Republican Party of Turkmenistan
Encyclopedia
The Republican Party of Turkmenistan (Türkmenistanyň Respublikan partiýasynyň) is one of several dissident
Dissident
A dissident, broadly defined, is a person who actively challenges an established doctrine, policy, or institution. When dissidents unite for a common cause they often effect a dissident movement....

 political parties
Political Parties
Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy is a book by sociologist Robert Michels, published in 1911 , and first introducing the concept of iron law of oligarchy...

 that have been outlawed within Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan , formerly also known as Turkmenia is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic . Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states...

. Leaders of the exile-based RPT include Nurmuhammet Hanamow
Nurmuhammet Hanamow
Nurmuhammet Çaryýewiç Hanamow is a Turkmen politician...

 who went into exile in 2002 and Annadurdy Hajyýew, whose sister Ogulsapar Myradowa died in a Turkmen prison in September 2006. The latest opposition party, RPT operates in exile
Exile
Exile means to be away from one's home , while either being explicitly refused permission to return and/or being threatened with imprisonment or death upon return...

 - since all opposition is banned within Turkmenistan, it was forced to form and operate from abroad.

Turkmen in exile

There are two major groupings of Turkmen
Turkmen people
The Turkmen are a Turkic people located primarily in the Central Asian states of Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and northeastern Iran. They speak the Turkmen language, which is classified as a part of the Western Oghuz branch of the Turkic languages family together with Turkish, Azerbaijani, Qashqai,...

 in exile. The first are opposition or dissidents, usually of a democratic bent. The second are exiled Turkmen politicians, often former high-ranking government officials who were incriminated in Niyazov's alleged attempted murder in November 2002, reformists of varying stripes.

With the death of Saparmurat Niyazov
Saparmurat Niyazov
Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov; , was a Turkmen politician who served as President of Turkmenistan from 2 November 1990 until his death in 2006...

 on December 21, 2006, some thought the situation might change, possibly opening for the expansion of multiple parties within the nation, but such hopes did not materialize, as Niyazov's successor Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow made no substantial changes to the country's system, with the DPT remaining the only legal party and only Niyazov's cult of personality being reduced.

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