Regulated verse
Encyclopedia
Regulated verse, also known as Jintishi (or "modern-form poetry") is a development within Classical Chinese poetry
of the shi
main formal type. Regulated verse is one of the most important of all Classical Chinese poetry types. Although often regarded as a Tang Dynasty
innovation, the origin of regulated verse within the Classical Chinese poetic tradition is associated with Shen Yue
(441–513), based on his "four tones and eight defects" theory regarding tonality
. . There are three types of regulated verse: the eight-lined lüshi
, the four-lined jueju
, and the linked couplets of indeterminate length pailu
. All Regulated verse forms are rhymed on the even lines, with one rhyme being used throughout the poem. Also, and definitionally, the tonal profile of the poem is controlled (that is, "regulated"). Furthermore, semantic and tonal parallelism is generally required of certain interior couplets. During the Tang Dynasty, the Shen-Song team of Shen Quanqi
and Song Zhiwen
greatly contributed to the development of this Classical Chinese verse form.
Classical Chinese poetry
thumb|right|300px|Attributed to [[Han Gan]], Huiyebai , about 750CE .Classical Chinese poetry is that type of poetry that is the traditional Chinese poetry written in Classical Chinese. It is typified by certain traditional forms, or modes, and certain traditional genres...
of the shi
Shi (poetry)
Shi is the Chinese word for "poetry" or "poem", anciently associated with Chinese poetry. In modern times, shi can and has been used as an umbrella term to mean poetry in any form or language, whether or not Chinese; but, it may imply or be used to refer certain classical forms of poetry, for...
main formal type. Regulated verse is one of the most important of all Classical Chinese poetry types. Although often regarded as a Tang Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire...
innovation, the origin of regulated verse within the Classical Chinese poetic tradition is associated with Shen Yue
Shen Yue
Shen Yue , courtesy name Xiuwen , was a poet, statesman, and historian born in Huzhou, Zhejiang. He served emperors under the Liu Song Dynasty, the Southern Qi Dynasty, and the Liang Dynasty....
(441–513), based on his "four tones and eight defects" theory regarding tonality
Tone pattern
Tone patterns are common constraints in classical Chinese poetry.The four tones of Middle Chinese—level , rising , departing , and entering tones—are categorized into level tones and oblique tones. All level tones are level. All other tones are oblique...
. . There are three types of regulated verse: the eight-lined lüshi
Lushi (poetry)
Lushi lüshi refers a specific form of Classical Chinese poetry verse form. One of the most important poetry forms of Classical Chinese poetry, the lushi was an eight-line regulated verse form with lines made up of five, six, or seven characters; thus:*Five-character eight-line regulated verse : a...
, the four-lined jueju
Jueju
Jueju is a style of jintishi, or "Modern form poetry", that grew popular among Chinese poets in the Tang Dynasty , although traceable to earlier origins...
, and the linked couplets of indeterminate length pailu
Pailu
Pailu refers to a Classical Chinese verse form of the regulated verse type: the rules and regulations of the pailu allow for a poem composed of a series of linked couplets, with no maximum upward limit such as the five, six, or seven character lushi have...
. All Regulated verse forms are rhymed on the even lines, with one rhyme being used throughout the poem. Also, and definitionally, the tonal profile of the poem is controlled (that is, "regulated"). Furthermore, semantic and tonal parallelism is generally required of certain interior couplets. During the Tang Dynasty, the Shen-Song team of Shen Quanqi
Shen Quanqi
Shen Quanqi , also known as Yunqing , was a Chinese poet active during the Tang Dynasty. He was born in the prefecture of Neihuang in the province of Xiangzhou , which is known today as the province of Henan....
and Song Zhiwen
Song Zhiwen
Song Zhiwen was a Chinese poet considered to be of the Tang poetry tradition of the Tang Dynasty, although technically his poetic career was largely within the anomalous dynastic interregnum of Wu Zetian...
greatly contributed to the development of this Classical Chinese verse form.
See also
- Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetrythumb|right|300px|Attributed to [[Han Gan]], Huiyebai , about 750CE .Classical Chinese poetry is that type of poetry that is the traditional Chinese poetry written in Classical Chinese. It is typified by certain traditional forms, or modes, and certain traditional genres...
- Classical Chinese poetry formsClassical Chinese poetry formsthumb|right|350px|Poet on a Mountaintop by [[Shen Zhou]], about 1500 CE .Classical Chinese poetry forms are those poetry forms, or modes, which typify the traditional Chinese poems written in Literary or Classical Chinese...
- Du FuDu FuDu Fu was a prominent Chinese poet of the Tang Dynasty.Along with Li Bai , he is frequently called the greatest of the Chinese poets. His greatest ambition was to serve his country as a successful civil servant, but he proved unable to make the necessary accommodations...
- Shen QuanqiShen QuanqiShen Quanqi , also known as Yunqing , was a Chinese poet active during the Tang Dynasty. He was born in the prefecture of Neihuang in the province of Xiangzhou , which is known today as the province of Henan....
- Song ZhiwenSong ZhiwenSong Zhiwen was a Chinese poet considered to be of the Tang poetry tradition of the Tang Dynasty, although technically his poetic career was largely within the anomalous dynastic interregnum of Wu Zetian...