Refractive index

The refractive index of a material is the factor by which the phase velocity of electromagnetic radiation Electromagnetic radiation

Electromagnetic radiation is generally described as a self-propagating wave [i] in space with electric [i] ... 

 is slowed in that material, relative to its velocity in a vacuum Speed of light

The speed of light in a vacuum [i] is an important physical constant [i] denoted by the letter c for ... 

. It is usually given the symbol n, and defined for a material by: where er is the material's relative permittivity Permittivity

Permittivity is a physical quantity [i] that describes how an electric field [i] affects and is affected ... 

, and r is its relative permeability.

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The refractive index of a material is the factor by which the phase velocity of electromagnetic radiation Electromagnetic radiation

Electromagnetic radiation is generally described as a self-propagating wave [i] in space with electric [i] ... 

 is slowed in that material, relative to its velocity in a vacuum Speed of light

The speed of light in a vacuum [i] is an important physical constant [i] denoted by the letter c for ... 

. It is usually given the symbol n, and defined for a material by:

where er is the material's relative permittivity Permittivity

Permittivity is a physical quantity [i] that describes how an electric field [i] affects and is affected ... 

, and r is its relative permeability.
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