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Redonda
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Redonda is a very small, uninhabited Caribbean island or islet which is politically a part (a dependency) of the nation of Antigua and Barbuda, in the Leeward Islands, West Indies.
This small island lies 56.2 km (34.9 miles) southwest of Antigua, in the waters between the islands of Nevis and Montserrat. Redonda is closer to Montserrat than to any other island; it is located at 22.5 km (14 miles) northwest of Montserrat, and 32 km (20 miles) southeast of Nevis.
Redonda is essentially one very large rock.
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Encyclopedia
Redonda is a very small, uninhabited Caribbean island or islet which is politically a part (a dependency) of the nation of Antigua and Barbuda, in the Leeward Islands, West Indies.
This small island lies 56.2 km (34.9 miles) southwest of Antigua, in the waters between the islands of Nevis and Montserrat. Redonda is closer to Montserrat than to any other island; it is located at 22.5 km (14 miles) northwest of Montserrat, and 32 km (20 miles) southeast of Nevis.
Redonda is essentially one very large rock. It is the remnant of an ancient volcanic core, and the land rises extremely steeply from sea level, mostly as sheer cliffs. Although to Columbus the island appeared to be round, it is in reality long and narrow in outline. The actual land area of the island is hard to calculate because of the extreme steepness of the slopes, but is estimated as somewhere between 1.6 km² (400 acres) and 2.6 km² (640 acres). The highest point is 296 m (971 ft). Redonda is uninhabited, except by seabirds and a flock of feral goats that manage to survive on the poor grazing on top of the island.
History
Christopher Columbus discovered Redonda in 1493 on his second journey. He claimed it for the Spanish crown, but did not land there. He named the island Santa María la Redonda, meaning Saint Mary the Round, reflecting the island's apparent profile when viewed from the side. In the 1860s, the island became a British possession.
During the decades after the 1860s, the rich guano (phosphine oxide) deposits of Redonda were mined for fertiliser, with an annual yield of up to 7,000 tons. Only during this time was the island inhabited, by workers. The population was 120 in 1901. During the First World War, the mining operations ceased, and the workers left the island, which has remained uninhabited since then. Two stone huts still stand from the time when the island was occupied. Redonda became a dependency of Antigua and Barbuda in 1967.
Scientists from the Montserrat Volcano Observatory visit the island in a helicopter periodically; they are using Redonda as an observation point from which to take measurements of the Soufrière Hills active volcano on Montserrat.
The micronation
Redonda is internationally known, in a minor way, as a micronation, because of the curious on-going myth of the "Kings of Redonda", a story which interweaves fact and fiction. According to a (possibly imaginary) version of events, first recounted decades later by M.P. Shiel, an author of fantasy novels: in the year of his birth, 1865, his father Matthew Dowdy Shiell, from Montserrat, decided to celebrate his first male child by arranging (supposedly legitimately) for the boy to be crowned King of Redonda at the age of 15, in a ceremony purportedly carried out on the small island by a bishop.
M.P. Sheil, the son and author, was the first person to ever mention the idea of the "Kingdom of Redonda" and that was in a promotional leaflet for his books. Since then, the title has been "passed down", and continues to the present day. For a period of time the "Royal" lineage of Redonda had a more or less solely literary theme, with the title being given to writers and the like, such as John Gawsworth and Jon Wynne-Tyson. Currently there are numerous "claimants" to the throne, of several different nationalities.
In 2007, the Wellington Arms pub in Southampton, England, attempted to declare themselves an embassy of the "nation" of Redonda, in order to gain diplomatic immunity from a nationwide ban on smoking in enclosed workplaces, including pubs.
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