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In the study of literature
Literature

Literature is the art of written works. Literally translated, the word means "acquaintance with letters" . In Western culture the most basic written literary types include fiction and non-fiction....
, redaction is a form of editing
Editing

Editing is the process of preparing language, s, sound, video, or film through correction, condensation, organization, and other modifications in various media....
 in which multiple source texts are combined together (redacted) and subjected to minor alteration to make them into a single work. Often this is a method of collecting together a series of writings on a similar theme and creating a definitive and coherent work.

Forms of redaction
On occasion, the persons performing the redaction (the redactors) add brief elements of their own.






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In the study of literature
Literature

Literature is the art of written works. Literally translated, the word means "acquaintance with letters" . In Western culture the most basic written literary types include fiction and non-fiction....
, redaction is a form of editing
Editing

Editing is the process of preparing language, s, sound, video, or film through correction, condensation, organization, and other modifications in various media....
 in which multiple source texts are combined together (redacted) and subjected to minor alteration to make them into a single work. Often this is a method of collecting together a series of writings on a similar theme and creating a definitive and coherent work.

Forms of redaction


On occasion, the persons performing the redaction (the redactors) add brief elements of their own. The reasons for doing so are varied and can include the addition of elements to adjust the underlying conclusions of the text to suit the redactor's opinion. Or, the redactor may add a frame story
Frame story

A frame story is a narrative technique whereby an introductory main story is composed, at least in part, for the purpose of setting the stage for a fictive narrative or organizing a set of shorter stories, each of which is a story within a story....
, such as the tale of Scheherazade
Scheherazade

Scheherazade , sometimes Scheherazadea, Persian transliteration Shahrazad or Shahrzad , is a legendary Persian Empire queen and the storyteller of One Thousand and One Nights....
 which frames the collection of folk tales in The Book of One Thousand and One Nights
The Book of One Thousand and One Nights

One Thousand and One Nights , is a collection of folk tales and other stories. The original concept is most likely derived from a pre-Islamic Persian prototype that probably relied partly on India elements, but the work as we have it was collected over many centuries by various authors, translators and scholars across the Middle East an...
.

Sometimes the source texts are interlaced together, particularly when discussing closely related details, things, or people. This is common when source texts contain alternative versions of the same story, and slight alterations are often made in this circumstance, simply to make the texts appear to agree, and thus the resulting redacted text appear to be coherent. Such a situation is proposed by the documentary hypothesis
Documentary hypothesis

The documentary hypothesis is the proposal that the first five books of the Old Testament represent a combination of documents from originally independent sources....
, which proposes that multiple redactions occurred during the creation of the Torah
Torah

The term "Torah" , or Five Books of Moses or Pentateuch, refers to the entirety of Judaism's founding Halakha and ethical religious texts....
, often combining texts, which have rival political attitudes and aims, together; another example is the Talmud
Talmud

The Talmud is a record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Halakha, Jewish ethics, customs, and history. It is a central text of mainstream Judaism....
.

Redactional processes are documented in numerous disciplines, including ancient literary works and biblical studies. Much has been written on the role of redaction in creating meaning for texts in various formats. For example, in the field of biblical studies, see John Barton, Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 5: 644-647; or Odil Hannes Steck, Old Testament Exegesis, 2nd edition (Atlanta: Scholars Press), 74-93.

Redactional fatigue

Redactional fatigue is an important related concept: when making changes to a large text, a redactor may occasionally overlook a piece of text that conflicts with the redactional goals. Since many important ancient texts are likely to have been redacted at least once, such snippets open a window into an earlier form of the text. The nature of the conflict between the bulk of a redacted text and the contradictory windows can suggest what the goals of the redactor might have been.

See also

  • Textual criticism
    Textual criticism

    Textual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the Writing of manuscripts....
  • Redaction criticism
    Redaction criticism

    Redaction Criticism, also called Redaktionsgeschichte, Kompositionsgeschichte, or Redaktionstheologie, is a critical method for the study of Bible texts....
  • Torah redactor
    Torah redactor

    The Torah Redactor is, according to the Documentary Hypothesis , the figure who assembled hypothetical source texts of the Torah—the Deuteronomist, the Priestly source, and JE, which was an earlier joining of the Jahwist and the Elohist—resulting in a single work....
  • Fix-up
    Fix-up

    A fix-up is a novel created from short story that may or may not have been initially related or previously published. The stories are edited for consistency, and sometimes new connecting material?such as a frame story?is written for the new novel....