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Recreational drug use



 
 
Recreational drug use is the use of psychoactive drug
Psychoactive drug

A psychoactive drug or psychotropic substance is a chemical substance that acts primarily upon the central nervous system where it alters brain function, resulting in temporary changes in perception, mood , consciousness and behaviour....
s for recreation
Recreation

Recreation or fun is the expenditure of time in a manner designed for therapeutic refreshment of one's body or mind. While leisure is more likely a form of entertainment or rest, recreation is active for the participant but in a refreshing and diverting manner....
al purposes rather than for work
Employment

Employment is a contract between two party , one being the #Employer and the other being the #Employee. An employee may be defined as: "A person in the Service of another under any contract of hire, express or implied, oral contract or written, where the employer has the power or right to control and Management the employee i...
, medical
Medicine

Medicine is the art and science of healing. It encompasses a range of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness....
 or spiritual
Spirituality

Spirituality, in a narrow sense, concerns itself with matters of the spirit, a concept closely tied to religion and faith, transcendence , or one or more Deity....
 purposes, although the distinction is not always clear (often spiritual use is considered recreational).

Psychopharmacologist
Psychopharmacology

Psychopharmacology is the study of drug-induced changes in mood, sensation, thinking, and behavior.The field of psychopharmacology studies a wide range of substances with various types of psychoactive properties....
 Ronald K. Siegel
Ronald K. Siegel

Ronald Keith Siegel is an associate research professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences at UCLA, and the author of several noted studies and books on psychopharmacology, hallucination, and paranoia....
 refers to intoxication as the "fourth drive," arguing that the human instinct to seek mind-altering substances has so much force and persistence that it functions like the human drives for hunger
Hunger

Hunger is a feeling experienced when one has a desire to eat. The often unpleasant feeling originates in the hypothalamus and is released through receptors in the liver....
, thirst
Thirst

Thirst is the craving for liquids, resulting in the basic instinct of humans or animals to drink. It is an essential mechanism involved in fluid balance....
 and shelter.

Distinctions
Responsible drug use
The concept of responsible drug use is that a person can use recreational drugs with reduced or eliminated risk of negatively affecting other parts of one's life or other peoples lives.






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Recreational drug use is the use of psychoactive drug
Psychoactive drug

A psychoactive drug or psychotropic substance is a chemical substance that acts primarily upon the central nervous system where it alters brain function, resulting in temporary changes in perception, mood , consciousness and behaviour....
s for recreation
Recreation

Recreation or fun is the expenditure of time in a manner designed for therapeutic refreshment of one's body or mind. While leisure is more likely a form of entertainment or rest, recreation is active for the participant but in a refreshing and diverting manner....
al purposes rather than for work
Employment

Employment is a contract between two party , one being the #Employer and the other being the #Employee. An employee may be defined as: "A person in the Service of another under any contract of hire, express or implied, oral contract or written, where the employer has the power or right to control and Management the employee i...
, medical
Medicine

Medicine is the art and science of healing. It encompasses a range of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness....
 or spiritual
Spirituality

Spirituality, in a narrow sense, concerns itself with matters of the spirit, a concept closely tied to religion and faith, transcendence , or one or more Deity....
 purposes, although the distinction is not always clear (often spiritual use is considered recreational).

Psychopharmacologist
Psychopharmacology

Psychopharmacology is the study of drug-induced changes in mood, sensation, thinking, and behavior.The field of psychopharmacology studies a wide range of substances with various types of psychoactive properties....
 Ronald K. Siegel
Ronald K. Siegel

Ronald Keith Siegel is an associate research professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences at UCLA, and the author of several noted studies and books on psychopharmacology, hallucination, and paranoia....
 refers to intoxication as the "fourth drive," arguing that the human instinct to seek mind-altering substances has so much force and persistence that it functions like the human drives for hunger
Hunger

Hunger is a feeling experienced when one has a desire to eat. The often unpleasant feeling originates in the hypothalamus and is released through receptors in the liver....
, thirst
Thirst

Thirst is the craving for liquids, resulting in the basic instinct of humans or animals to drink. It is an essential mechanism involved in fluid balance....
 and shelter.

Distinctions


Responsible drug use


The concept of responsible drug use is that a person can use recreational drugs with reduced or eliminated risk of negatively affecting other parts of one's life or other peoples lives. Advocates of this philosophy point to the many well-known artists and intellectuals who have used drugs, experimentally or otherwise, with few detrimental effects on their lives. Critics argue that the drugs are escapist--and dangerous, unpredictable and sometimes addictive, and have negative and profound effects in geographic areas well beyond the location of the consumer. It should be noted that these criticism can apply to a number of non drug related addictions and behavioral abuse disorders. According to medical literature, responsible drug use only becomes drug abuse when the use of the substance significantly interferes with the user's daily life.

Drugs popularly used for recreation


Most Popular Psychoactives

The drugs most popular for recreational use worldwide are:
  • Ethanol
    Ethanol

    Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol, or drinking alcohol, is a volatility , flammable, colorless liquid....
     (commonly known as alcohol
    Alcohol

    In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which a hydroxyl Functional group is bound to a carbon atom of an alkyl or substituted alkyl group....
    ) - Legal in most parts of the world.
  • Caffeine
    Caffeine

    Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that acts as a psychoactive stimulant drug and a mild diuretic. Caffeine was discovered by a German chemist, Friedrich Ferdinand Runge, in 1819....
     - Most widely used legal psychoactive substance.
  • Theobromine
    Theobromine

    Theobromine, also known as xantheose, is a bitter alkaloid of the cacao plant, found in chocolate, as well as in a number of chocolate-free foods made from theobromine sources including the leaves of the tea plant, the kola or cola nut, and acai berries....
     - Caffeine-related substance found in chocolate.
  • Cannabis
    Cannabis (drug)

    Cannabis, also known as Marijuana or marihuana, or ganja , is a psychoactive drug extracted from the plant Cannabis sativa, or more often, Cannabis sativa subsp....
     (Cannabinoids
    Cannabinoids

    Cannabinoids are a group of terpenephenolic compounds present in Cannabis . The broader definition of cannabinoids refers to a group of substances that are structurally related to tetrahydrocannabinol or that bind to cannabinoid receptors....
    , primarily Tetrahydrocannabinol
    Tetrahydrocannabinol

    Tetrahydrocannabinol , also known as THC, ?9-THC, ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol, ?1-tetrahydrocannabinol , or dronabinol, is the main psychoactive substance found in the Cannabis plant....
    ) - Most widely used psychoactive that is illegal in many parts of the world.
  • Tobacco
    Tobacco

    Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. It can be consumed, used as an organic pesticide, and in the form of nicotine tartrate it is used in some medicines....
     (nicotine
    Nicotine

    Nicotine is an alkaloid found in the nightshade family of plants which constitutes approximately 0.6?3.0% of dry weight of tobacco, with biosynthesis taking place in the roots, and accumulating in the leaves....
    ) - Legal in most parts of the world.


Other Psychoactives

Other substances often used (street names in italics):
Barbiturate
Barbiturate

Barbiturates are medication that act as central nervous system depressants, and by virtue of this they produce a wide spectrum of effects, from mild sedation to anesthesia....
s, including

  • Amobarbital
    Amobarbital

    Amobarbital is a drug that is a barbiturate derivative. It has sedative-hypnotic and analgesic properties. It is a white crystalline powder with no odor and a slightly bitter taste....
     (Sodium Amytal)
  • Aprobarbital
    Aprobarbital

    Aprobarbital is a barbiturate derivative invented in the 1920s by Ernst Preiswerk. It has sedative, hypnotic and anticonvulsant properties, and was used primarily for the treatment of insomnia....
     (Alurate)
  • Butalbital
    Butalbital

    Butalbital, 5-allyl-5-isobutylbarbituric acid, is a barbiturate with an intermediate duration of action. It has the same chemical formula as talbutal but a different structure....
     (Fiorinal
    Fiorinal

    See also: Fioricet, a preparation using paracetamol instead of aspirin.Fiorinal is a combination analgesic medication consisting of aspirin, the barbiturate butalbital and caffeine....
    , Fioricet
    Fioricet

    Fioricet and Esgic are brand name drugs made from a combination of butalbital , acetaminophen , and caffeine . They are indicated for the treatment of tension headaches and muscle contraction headaches....
    )
  • Methylphenobarbital
    Methylphenobarbital

    Methylphenobarbital, also known as mephobarbital, is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative.Methylphenobarbital is used as a sedative, anxiolytic and anticonvulsant....
     (Mebaral)
  • Sodium thiopental
    Sodium thiopental

    Sodium thiopental, better known as Sodium Pentothal , thiopental, thiopentone sodium, or trapanal, is a rapid-onset short-acting barbiturate general anaesthetic....
     (Sodium Pentothal), truth serum
  • Pentobarbital
    Pentobarbital

    Pentobarbital is a short-acting barbiturate that is available as both a free acid and a sodium salt, the former of which is only slightly soluble in water and ethanol....
     (Nembutal)
  • Phenobarbital
    Phenobarbital

    Phenobarbital or phenobarbitone is a barbiturate, first marketed as Luminal by Bayer. It is the most widely used anticonvulsant worldwide and the oldest still commonly used....
     (Luminal)
  • Secobarbital
    Secobarbital

    Secobarbital is a barbiturate derivative drug. It possesses anaesthetic, anticonvulsant, sedative and hypnotic properties. In the United Kingdom, it was known as Quinalbarbitone....
     (Seconal)vero


Benzodiazepines, including

  • Alprazolam
    Alprazolam

    Alprazolam, also known under the #Availability Xanax, Xanor and Niravam, is a short-acting drug of the benzodiazepine class used to treat moderate to severe anxiety disorders, panic attacks, and as an adjunctive treatment for anxiety associated with moderate clinical depression....
     (Xanax)
  • Bromazepam
    Bromazepam

    Bromazepam is a potent benzodiazepine derivative drug, developed in 1970s. It has mainly anxiolytic and at higher doses also sedative, hypnotic and skeletal muscle relaxant properties....
     (Lexotanil)
  • Chlordiazepoxide
    Chlordiazepoxide

    Chlordiazepoxide , is a sedative/hypnotic drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative and is marketed under the trade name Novapam, Librium and Tropium....
     (Librium)
  • Clonazepam
    Clonazepam

    Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative with highly potent anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant and anxiolytic properties. It is marketed by Hoffmann-La Roche under the trade-names Klonopin in the United States and Rivotril in various other English speaking countries....
     (Rivotril, Klonopin)
  • Diazepam
    Diazepam

    Diazepam , first marketed as Valium by Hoffmann-La Roche, is a benzodiazepine derivative drug. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative, skeletal muscle relaxant and amnestic properties....
     (Valium)
  • Lorazepam
    Lorazepam

    Lorazepam, initially marketed under the brand names Ativan and Temesta, is a benzodiazepine drug with short to medium duration of action....
     (Temesta, Ativan)
  • Flunitrazepam
    Flunitrazepam

    Flunitrazepam is marketed as a hypnotic drug and has sedative, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, amnestic, hypnotic and skeletal muscle relaxant properties....
     (Rohypnol)
  • Midazolam
    Midazolam

    Midazolam, pronounced m?'d?z?l?m is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative . It has potent anxiolytic, amnestic, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, skeletal muscle relaxant and sedative properties....
     (Dormicum)
  • Nimetazepam
    Nimetazepam

    Nimetazepam is a hypnotic drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative which was first synthesized in Japan in 1964. It possesses hypnotic, anxiolytic, sedative, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties....
     (Erimin)
  • Nitrazepam
    Nitrazepam

    Nitrazepam is a type of benzodiazepine drug and is marketed in English speaking countries under the following brand names - Alodorm, Arem, Insoma, Mogadon, Nitrados, Nitrazadon, Ormodon, Paxadorm, Remnos and Somnite....
     (Mogadon)
  • Oxazepam
    Oxazepam

    Oxazepam , is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. Oxazepam has moderate amnesic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties compared to other benzodiazepines....
     (Seresta)
  • Temazepam
    Temazepam

    Temazepam is an intermediate-acting 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine. It is generally prescribed for the short-term treatment of severe or debilitating sleeplessness in patients who have difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep....
     (Normison, Restoril)


Nonbenzodiazepine
Nonbenzodiazepine

The nonbenzodiazepines are comparatively new drugs whose actions are somewhat similar to those of the benzodiazepines, but are structurally unrelated to the Benzodiazepines....
s, including

  • Zaleplon
    Zaleplon

    Zaleplon is a sedative/hypnotic, mainly used for insomnia. It is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic from the pyrazolopyrimidine class. Zaleplon is one of few sleep medications which have been found to not cause an increase in road traffic accidents, thus demonstrating a much higher safety profile than many other hypnotics currently on the market....
     (Sonata)
  • Zolpidem
    Zolpidem

    Zolpidem is a prescription drug used for the short-term treatment of insomnia, as well as some brain disorders. It is a short-acting nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic that potentiates gamma-aminobutyric acid , an inhibitory neurotransmitter, by binding to gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors at the same location as benzodiazepines....
     (Ambien)
  • Zopiclone
    Zopiclone

    Zopiclone , sold as Imovane, Zimovane and Zopinox in Europe and Canada, and as the eszopiclone analogue Lunesta in the United States, is a novel hypnotic agent used in the treatment of insomnia....
     (Imovane)
  • Eszopiclone
    Eszopiclone

    Eszopiclone, marketed by Sepracor under the brand-name Lunesta, is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic agent used as a treatment for insomnia. Eszopiclone is the active stereoisomer of zopiclone, and belongs to the class of drugs known as cyclopyrrolones....
     (Lunesta)


Deliriant
Deliriant

The deliriants are a special class of acetylcholine receptor-inhibitor dissociatives. The name comes from their primary effect of inducing a medical state of frank delirium, characterized by stupor, utter confusion, confabulation, and regression to "phantom" behaviors such as disrobing and plucking ....
s, including

  • Atropine
    Atropine

    Atropine is a tropane alkaloid extracted from deadly nightshade , jimsonweed , Mandrake and other plants of the family Solanaceae. It is a secondary metabolite of these plants and serves as a hard drug with a wide variety of effects....
     (Tropane alkaloid
    Tropane alkaloid

    Tropane alkaloids, also known as Belladonna alkaloids are a class of alkaloids and secondary metabolites that contain a tropane ring in their chemical structure....
    ), found in datura
    Datura

    Datura is a genus of nine species of Vespertine flowering plants belonging to the family Solanaceae. Their exact natural distribution is uncertain, due to extensive cultivation and naturalisation throughout the temperate and tropical regions of the globe, but is most likely restricted to the Americas, from the United States south throug...
    , angel's trumpets
  • Diphenhydramine
    Diphenhydramine

    Diphenhydramine hydrochloride , trade name Benadryl as produced by McNeil Laboratories a division of J&J, or Dimedrol outside the U.S....
     (Benadryl, Sominex, Unisom, Nytol)
  • Dimenhydrinate
    Dimenhydrinate

    Dimenhydrinate is an over-the-counter drug used to prevent nausea and motion sickness. It is marketed in Portugal as Viabom, but in prescription format....
     (Dramamine)
  • Scopolamine
    Scopolamine

    Scopolamine, known by the names levo-duboisine and hyoscine, is a tropane alkaloid Medication with muscarinic antagonist effects. It is obtained from plants of the family Solanaceae , such as henbane, jimson weed and Angel's Trumpets , and corkwood ....
     (Tropane alkaloid
    Tropane alkaloid

    Tropane alkaloids, also known as Belladonna alkaloids are a class of alkaloids and secondary metabolites that contain a tropane ring in their chemical structure....
    ), found in datura
    Datura

    Datura is a genus of nine species of Vespertine flowering plants belonging to the family Solanaceae. Their exact natural distribution is uncertain, due to extensive cultivation and naturalisation throughout the temperate and tropical regions of the globe, but is most likely restricted to the Americas, from the United States south throug...
    , angel's trumpets


Dissociative anaesthetics
Dissociative drug

A dissociative is a drug which reduces signals to the conscious mind from other parts of the brain, typically, but not necessarily, limited to the senses....
, including

  • Nitrous oxide
    Nitrous oxide

    Nitrous oxide, commonly known as "laughing gas", is a chemical compound with the chemical formula Nitrogen2Oxygen. At room temperature, it is a colorless Flammability gas, with a pleasant, slightly sweet odor and taste....
    , laughing gas, whip-its
  • Dextromethorphan
    Dextromethorphan

    Dextromethorphan is an antitussive drug. It is one of the active ingredients used to prevent coughs in many Over-the-counter drug common cold and cough medicines....
     (DXM), dex, dextro, skittles, robo
    • Triple Cs, CCC
      CCC

      CCC may refer to:...
       refers to a mixture of DXM and Chlorpheniramine maleate
  • Ketamine
    Ketamine

    Ketamine is a drug used in human and veterinary medicine developed by Parke-Davis in 1962. Its hydrochloride salt is sold as Ketanest, Ketaset, and Ketalar....
     (Ketaset, Ketanest, Ketalar), K, Special K
  • Phencyclidine
    Phencyclidine

    Phencyclidine , also known as angel dust, is a dissociative drug formerly used as an anesthesia agent, exhibiting hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects....
     (PCP), angel dust


Opium
Opium

Opium is a narcotic formed from the latex released by lacerating the immature seed pods of Opium poppy . It contains up to 12% morphine, an opiate alkaloid, which is most frequently processed chemically to produce heroin for the illegal drug trade....
 (Papaver somniferum
Opium poppy

The Opium Poppy, Papaver somniferum, is the type of poppy from which opium and many refined opiates, including morphine, thebaine, codeine, papaverine, and noscapine, are extracted....
) and opioid
Opioid

An opioid is a chemical substance that has a morphine-like action in the body. The main use is for analgesia. These agents work by binding to opioid receptors, which are found principally in the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract....
s, including

  • Buprenorphine
    Buprenorphine

    Buprenorphine is a semi-synthetic opiate with agonist and receptor antagonist actions. Buprenorphine hydrochloride was first marketed in the 1980s by Reckitt & Colman as an analgesic, available generally as Temgesic 0.2 mg sublingual tablets, and as Buprenex in a 0.3 mg/ml injectable formulation....
     (Temgesic, Transtec, Subutex), Temies, Subbies
  • Codeine
    Codeine

    Codeine or methylmorphine is an opiate used for its analgesic, Cough medicine and Antidiarrhoeal properties. It is by far the most widely used opiate in the world and probably the most commonly used drug overall according to numerous reports over the years by organizations such as the World Health Organization and its League of Nations...
    • Purple drank
      Purple drank

      Purple drank is a slang term for a recreational drug popular in the Hip hop culture community of the southern United States. Its main ingredient is Prescription drug-strength Cough medicine containing codeine and promethazine....
       refers to a mixture of this and Promethazine
      Promethazine

      Promethazine is a first-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist, antihistamine and antiemetic medication. It can also have strong sedative effects although it is rarely used specifically for this....
  • Dextropropoxyphene
    Dextropropoxyphene

    Dextropropoxyphene is an analgesic in the opioid category. It is used to treat mild to moderate pain and as an anti-tussive.Dextropropoxyphene is sometimes combined with acetaminophen or acetylsalicylic acid....
     (Depronal, Darvocet)
  • Diacetylmorphine (Heroin)
  • Dihydrocodeine
    Dihydrocodeine

    Dihydrocodeine, also called DHC, Drocode, Paracodeine and Parzone and by the brand names of Synalgos DC, Panlor DC, Panlor SS, Contugesic, SS Bron, Drocode, Paracodin, Codidol, Didor Continus, Dicogesic, Codhydrine, Dekacodin, DH-Codeine, ...
     (DHC), (DF 118)
  • Fentanyl
    Fentanyl

    Fentanyl is an odorless, rapid-acting opioid , which depresses central nervous system and respiratory function. It is one of the the most powerful opioids known, with a potency approximately 80 times that of morphine....
     (Duragesic
    Duragesic

    Duragesic and Durogesic are the trade names of fentanyl Transdermal patches, and are used for moderate to severe pain relief. Since Duragesic/Durogesic release fentanyl, a potent opioid, slowly through the skin, one patch may provide 72 hours of pain relief....
    , Sublimaze, Actiq
    Actiq

    Actiq by Cephalon, is a solid formulation of fentanyl citrate on a plastic stick that dissolves slowly in the mouth for absorption across the buccal mucosa....
    )
    • 3-Methylfentanyl
      3-Methylfentanyl

      3-Methylfentanyl is an opioid analgesic that is an analog of fentanyl. 3-Methylfentanyl is one of the most potent drugs that has been widely sold on the black market, estimated to be between 400-6000 times stronger than morphine depending on which isomer is used ....
  • Hydrocodone
    Hydrocodone

    Hydrocodone or dihydrocodeinone is a semi-synthetic opioid derived from two of the naturally-occurring opiates codeine and thebaine....
     (Vicodin
    Vicodin

    Vicodin is a trademarked brand narcotic of analgesic containing hydrocodone and paracetamol . It is usually found in tablet form with either the names Vicodin, Vicodin ES, or Vicodin HP imprinted on one side....
    ), (Lortab)
  • Hydromorphone
    Hydromorphone

    Hydromorphone, a more common synonym for dihydromorphinone and dimorphone, commonly a hydrochloride is a potent centrally-acting analgesic medication of the opioid class; it is a derivative of morphine, specifically a hydrogenated ketone thereof?therefore a semi-synthetic drug and both an opiate and a true narcotic....
     (Dilaudid), (Palladon)
  • Meperidine, or Pethidine
    Pethidine

    Pethidine or meperidine is a fast-acting opioid analgesic drug. In the United States and Canada, it is more commonly known as meperidine or by its brand name Demerol....
     (Demerol)
  • Methadone
    Methadone

    Methadone is a synthetic opioid, used medically as an analgesic, antitussive and a maintenance drug addiction#Anti-addictive drugs for use in patients on opioids....
     (Symoron, Methadose)
  • Morphine
    Morphine

    Morphine is a highly potent opiate analgesic Medication, is the principal active agent in opium, and is considered to be the prototypical opioid....
     (MS Contin, Oramorph, Kapanol)
  • Nicomorphine
    Nicomorphine

    Nicomorphine is the 3,6-dinicotinate ester of morphine. It is a strong opioid agonist analgesic two to three times as potent as morphine with a side effect profile similar to that of dihydromorphine, morphine, and diamorphine....
     (Morzet)
  • Oxycodone
    Oxycodone

    Oxycodone is an opioid analgesic medication synthesized from opium-derived thebaine. It was developed in 1916 in Germany, as one of several new semi-synthetic opioids with several benefits over the older traditional opiates and opioids; morphine, diacetylmorphine and codeine....
     (OxyContin, OxyNorm, Roxicodone)
  • Oxymorphone
    Oxymorphone

    Oxymorphone or 14-Hydroxydihydromorphinone is a powerful semi-synthetic opioid analgesic first developed in Germany circa or about 1914, patented in the USA by Endo Pharmaceuticals in 1955 and introduced to the United States market in January 1959 and other countries around the same time....
     (Opana)
  • Pentazocine
    Pentazocine

    Pentazocine is a synthetically-prepared prototypical mixed agonist-antagonist narcotic drug of the benzomorphan class of opioids used to treat mild to moderately severe pain....
     (Fortral)
  • Tramadol
    Tramadol

    Tramadol is a CNS depressant and analgesic, used for treating moderate to severe pain. It is a synthetic agent, and it appears to have actions at the Mu Opioid receptor as well as the noradrenaline and serotonin systems....
     (Ultram, Tramal, Tramagetic)


Phenethylamine
Phenethylamine

Phenethylamine, or ?-phenylethylamine or 2-phenylethylamine, is an alkaloid and monoamine. Phenethylamine also has a constitutional isomer a-phenylethylamine , which has two stereoisomers: --1-phenylethylamine and --1-phenylethylamine....
s, including, but not limited to

  • 2C-B
    2C-B

    2C-B or 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine is a Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants of the 2C's, an Empathogen-entactogen. It was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in 1974....
     bees
  • 2C-E
    2C-E

    2C-E is a Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants and phenethylamines of the 2C . It was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin, sometimes used as an entheogen....
  • 2C-I
    2C-I

    2C-I is a Psychedelics, Dissociatives and Deliriants and phenethylamine of the 2C . It was developed and popularized by Alexander Shulgin. It was described in Shulgin?s book PiHKAL....
    , substance sometimes sold as mescaline
  • 2C-T-2
    2C-T-2

    2C-T-2, or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethyl groupthiophenethylamine, is a psychedelic and entheogenic phenethylamine of the 2C . It was first synthesized in 1981 by Alexander Shulgin....
  • 2C-T-7
    2C-T-7

    2C-T-7 is a hallucinogenic phenethylamine of the 2C . In his book PiHKAL, Alexander Shulgin lists the dosage range as 10 to 30 milligram. 2C-T-7 is generally taken Mouth, and produces psychedelic and entheogenic effects that last 8 to 15 hours....
  • DOB
    2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine

    DOB, also known as Brolamfetamine and Bromo-DMA, is a psychedelic Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants and a substituted amphetamine of the phenethylamine class of compounds, which can be used as an entheogen....
  • DOM
    2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine

    DOM is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and a substituted amphetamine of the phenethylamine class of compounds, sometimes used as an entheogen....
  • DOC
    4-Chloro-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine

    DOC or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine is a potent psychedelic amphetamine. DOC was presumably first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. The drug is generally taken orally, but some users have been known to insufflate or smoke the pure powder....
    , substance sometimes sold on blotter paper as LSD
  • MDMA
    Methylenedioxymethamphetamine

    MDMA , most commonly known today by the street name ecstasy , is a semisynthetic member of the amphetamine class of psychoactive drugs, a subclass of the phenethylamines.....
    , ecstasy
  • MDEA
    MDEA

    3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine is a psychedelic Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants and empathogen-entactogen of the phenethylamine family....
  • MDA
    3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine

    3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine is a psychedelic psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants and empathogen-entactogen of the phenethylamine family....
  • Mescaline
    Mescaline

    Mescaline or 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine is a naturally-occurring psychedelic alkaloid of the phenethylamine class. It is mainly used as a recreational drug, an entheogen, and a tool to supplement various practices for transcendence , including in meditation, psychonautics, art projects, and psychedelic psychotherapy....
     (found in peyote
    Peyote

    Lophophora williamsii , better known by its common name Peyote, , is a small, spineless cactus. It is native to southwestern Texas and through central Mexico....
    , peruvian torch, san pedro and other cacti
    Cacti

    Cacti is an open source, web-based graphing tool designed as a frontend to RRDtool's data storage and graphing functionality. Cacti allows a user to poll services at predetermined intervals and graph the resulting data....
    ).
  • Nutmeg
    Nutmeg

    The nutmegs Myristica are a genus of evergreen trees indigenous to tropical southeast Asia and Australasia. They are important for two spices derived from the fruit, nutmeg and mace....
    , the active constituents of such are metabolized by the body into phenethylamine compounds, including PMA
    PMA

    PMA is a Chemical synthesis phenethylamine drug, psychostimulant and Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants. It is sometimes known by the street names of "death" or "Dr Death"....


For more information see: PiHKAL
PiHKAL

PiHKAL is a 1991 book by Dr. Alexander Shulgin and Ann Shulgin about psychedelic phenethylamines. The full title of the book is Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved: A Chemical Love Story....
.

NOTE: Several stimulant substances are also classified chemically as Phenethylamines, including amphetamine
Amphetamine

Amphetamine and related drugs such as methamphetamine are a group of drugs that act by increasing levels of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine in the brain....
s and ephedrine
Ephedrine

Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine commonly used as a stimulant, appetite suppressant, concentration aid, decongestant, and to treat hypotension associated with anaesthesia....
.

Stimulants, including

  • BZP
    Benzylpiperazine

    Benzylpiperazine is a recreational drug with Euphoria , stimulant properties. Its dopamine and serotonin agonist mechanism of action is believed to be similar to MDMA and the effects produced by BZP are comparable to those produced by amphetamine....
     and other piperazine
    Piperazine

    Piperazine is an organic compound that consists of a six-membered ring containing two opposing nitrogen atoms. Piperazine exists as small alkaline deliquescent crystals with a salt taste....
    -based drugs (mCPP
    1-(3-Chlorophenyl)piperazine

    1-piperazine is a piperazine-based 5-HT Receptor agonist. In the mid-2000s, it has shown up in legal alternatives to illegal stimulants in New Zealand, and pills sold as ecstasy in Europe and the United States....
    , TFMPP), party pills
  • Cathinone
    Cathinone

    Cathinone is a monoamine alkaloid found in the shrub Catha edulis and is chemically similar to ephedrine, cathine and other amphetamines. Amphetamine induces the release of dopamine from striatal preparations that are prelabelled either with dopamine or its precursors, and it has been shown that cathinone also does this....
     (found in the khat
    Khat

    Khat , also known as qat, qaat, quat, gat, jaad, chat, chad, chaad and miraa, is a flowering plant native to tropical East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula....
     plant)
  • Cocaine
    Cocaine

    Cocaine is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. The name comes from "coca" in addition to the alkaloid suffix -ine, forming cocaine....
    , coke
    • Crack
      Crack cocaine

      Crack cocaine, crack or rock is a solid, smokable form of cocaine. It is a freebase form of cocaine that can be made using baking soda or sodium hydroxide, in a process to convert cocaine hydrochloride into methylbenzoylecgonine ....
       refers to a freebase, cut form of the substance made for smoking
  • Dextroamphetamine
    Dextroamphetamine

    Dextroamphetamine is a psychostimulant which is known to produce increased wakefulness and focus in association with decreased fatigue and appetite....
     (Dexedrine, Adderall
    Adderall

    Adderall is a brand-name pharmaceutical psychostimulant composed of mixed amphetamine Salt , which is thought to work by increasing the amount of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain....
    ), speed
  • Methamphetamine
    Methamphetamine

    is a stimulant and sympathomimetics psychoactive drug. It is a member of the family of phenylethylamines. The levorotary levomethamphetamine is an over-the-counter drug and used in Vicks Inhalers for nasal decongestion and does not possess the Central nervous system activity of dextro or racemic methamphetamine....
     (Desoxyn), meth, ice)
  • Methcathinone
    Methcathinone

    Methcathinone is a psychoactive stimulant. It is sometimes used as a recreational drug and is considered to be addictive. It is usually snorted, but can be smoked, injected, or taken orally....
     ("cat", chemically related to, but not to be confused with khat/qat/cathinone)
  • Methylphenidate
    Methylphenidate

    Methylphenidate is the most commonly medical prescription psychostimulant and is indicated in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy, although off-label uses include treating lethargy, depression, neural insult and obesity....
     (Ritalin, Concerta)
  • Ephedrine
    Ephedrine

    Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine commonly used as a stimulant, appetite suppressant, concentration aid, decongestant, and to treat hypotension associated with anaesthesia....
  • Propylhexedrine
    Propylhexedrine

    Propylhexedrine, also known as hexahydro- desoxyephedrine, hexahydro- methamphetamine, or dimethyl- cyclohexane- ethanamine, is a sympathomimetic with varied medicinal uses, is an adrenergic compound used mainly to provide temporary symptomatic relief of nasal congestion due to common cold, allergy and allergic rhinitis....
    , OTC stimulant chemically similar to methamphetamine
    Methamphetamine

    is a stimulant and sympathomimetics psychoactive drug. It is a member of the family of phenylethylamines. The levorotary levomethamphetamine is an over-the-counter drug and used in Vicks Inhalers for nasal decongestion and does not possess the Central nervous system activity of dextro or racemic methamphetamine....


Indole
Indole

Indole is an aromatic Heterocyclic compound organic compound. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered nitrogen-containing pyrrole ring....
 alkaloids, including, but not limited to

  • Tryptamine
    Tryptamine

    Tryptamine is a monoamine alkaloid found in plants, fungi, and animals. It is based around the indole ring structure, and is chemically related to the amino acid tryptophan, from which its name is derived....
    s, including, but not limited to:
    • Dimethyltryptamine
      Dimethyltryptamine

      Dimethyltryptamine , also known as N,N-dimethyltryptamine, is a naturally-occurring tryptamine and potent psychedelic drug, found not only in many plants, but also in trace amounts in the human body where its natural function is undetermined....
       (DMT, found in numerous plants)
    • Psilocybin
      Psilocybin

      Psilocybin is a psychedelic drug indole of the tryptamine family, found in psilocybin mushrooms. It is present in List of Psilocybin mushrooms of fungi, including those of the genus Psilocybe, such as Psilocybe cubensis and liberty cap , but also reportedly isolated from a dozen or so other genera....
       and psilocin
      Psilocin

      Psilocin sometimes also spelled psilocine, psilocyn, or psilotsin, is a psychedelic drug mushroom alkaloid. It is found in most psychedelic mushrooms together with its phosphorylated counterpart psilocybin....
       (found in psychedelic mushrooms), shrooms
    • Diisopropyltryptamine
      Diisopropyltryptamine

      DiPT or diisopropyltryptamine is a psychedelic Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants of the tryptamine family that has a unique effect....
       (DiPT)
  • LSA
    Ergine

    LSA, also known as d-lysergic acid amide, d-lysergamide, ergine, and LA-111, is an alkaloid of the ergoline family that occurs in various species of vines of the Convolvulaceae and some species of fungi....
     (Lysergic acid amide/ergine, found in Morning Glory
    Morning Glory

    Morning Glory is a pre-Code United States drama film which tells the story of an eager but unstable would-be actress whose good looks draw more attention than her acting....
     seeds)
  • LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide) (Delysid), acid
  • Ibogaine
    Ibogaine

    Ibogaine is a naturally occurring Psychoactive drug compound found in a number of plants, principally in a member of the Apocynaceae known as iboga ....
     (found in the Tabernanthe iboga plant)


For more information see: TiHKAL
TiHKAL

TiHKAL is a 1997 book written by Alexander Shulgin and Ann Shulgin about a family of psychoactive drugs known as tryptamines. A sequel to PiHKAL, the full title of the book is Tryptamines i Have Known And Loved: The Continuation....
.

NOTE: In regards to chemical classification, several psychoactives without effect-based classification also fall into this category including yohimbe and 7-hydroxymitragynine
7-Hydroxymitragynine

7-Hydroxymitragynine, an indole, is an active alkaloid in the plant Mitragyna speciosa, commonly known as Kratom. It has opioid agonistic activity....
, the active constituent of kratom
Kratom

Kratom is a medicinal leaf harvested from a large tree native to Southeast Asia in the Rubiaceae family, first documented by Dutch Empire botanist Pieter Willem Korthals....
.

Inhalant
Inhalant

Inhalants are a broad range of drugs in the forms of gases,aerosols, or solvents which are breathed in and absorbed through the lungs. While some inhalant drugs are used for List of medical inhalants, as in the case of nitrous oxide , this article focuses on the non-medical use of inhalants, as recreational drugs which are used for their int...
s, including

  • Alkyl nitrites
    Alkyl nitrites

    Alkyl nitrites are chemical compounds of structure R-ONO. Formally they are alkyl esters of nitrous acid. They are distinct from nitro compounds ....
     (poppers
    Poppers

    Poppers is the street term for various alkyl nitrites taken for recreational purposes through direct inhalant, particularly amyl nitrite, butyl nitrite, isopropyl nitrite and isobutyl nitrite....
    )
  • Chloroethane
    Chloroethane

    Chloroethane or monochloroethane, commonly known by its old name ethyl chloride, is a chemical compound once widely used in producing tetra-ethyl lead, a gasoline additive....
  • Chloroform
    Chloroform

    Chloroform, also known as trichloromethane and methyl trichloride, is a chemical compound with chemical formula CarbonHydrogenChlorine3....
  • Diethyl ether
    Diethyl ether

    Diethyl ether, also known as ether and ethoxyethane, is a clear, colorless, and highly flammable liquid with a low boiling point and a characteristic odor....
  • Gasoline
    Gasoline

    File:GasCan.jpgGasoline or petrol is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture, primarily used as fuel in internal combustion engines.It consists mostly of aliphatic hydrocarbons, enhanced with iso-octane or the aromatic hydrocarbons toluene and benzene to increase its octane rating....
  • Glue
    Glue

    This is a list of various types of adhesive. Historically, the term "glue" only referred to protein colloids prepared from animal flesh. The meaning has been extended to refer to any fluid adhesive....
  • Toluene
    Toluene

    Toluene, also known as methylbenzene or phenylmethane, is a clear, Water -insoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners, redolent of the sweet smell of the related compound benzene....
  • Jenkem
    Jenkem

    Jenkem is an alleged Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants Recreational drug use composed of noxious gas formed from fermented human feces....


Unclassified

  • gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
  • Kava
    Kava

    Kava is an ancient crop of the western Pacific. Other names for kava include awa , 'ava , yaqona , and sakau . The word kava is used to refer both to the plant and the beverage produced from its roots....
  • Kratom
    Kratom

    Kratom is a medicinal leaf harvested from a large tree native to Southeast Asia in the Rubiaceae family, first documented by Dutch Empire botanist Pieter Willem Korthals....
  • MAO inhibitors (Harmala, Harmaline), to potentiate certain other drugs
  • Muscimol
    Muscimol

    Muscimol is the major psychoactive alkaloid present in many mushrooms of the Amanita genus. Unlike psilocybin, a tryptamine, muscimol is a potent, selective agonist of the GABA A receptor receptor....
     and Ibotenic acid
    Ibotenic acid

    Ibotenic acid is a chemical compound that is naturally occurring in the mushrooms Amanita muscaria and Amanita pantherina, among others....
    , the psychoactive constituents of Amanita Muscaria
    Amanita muscaria

    Amanita muscaria, commonly known as the fly agaric or fly Amanita, is a poisonous and psychoactive basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus Amanita....
     mushrooms, toadstools
  • Salvinorin A
    Salvinorin A

    Salvinorin A is the main active psychotropic molecule in Salvia divinorum, a Mexican plant which has a long history of use as an entheogen by indigenous Mazatec shamans....
    , found in Salvia divinorum
    Salvia divinorum

    Salvia divinorum, also known as Diviner?s Sage, ska Mar?a Pastora, or simply by the genus name Salvia, is a Psychoactive drug herb which can induce strong dissociative drug effects....
    , diviner's sage
  • Carisoprodol
    Carisoprodol

    Carisoprodol is a centrally-acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose active metabolite is meprobamate. Although several case reports have shown that carisoprodol has drug abuse potential both by itself and as a potentiator of hydrocodone, dihydrocodeine, codeine and similar drugs, it continues to be widely Medical prescription in North America....
     (Soma)
  • Yohimbine
    Yohimbine

    Yohimbine, also known under the antiquated names quebrachin, aphrodin, corynine, yohimvetol, and hydroergotocin, is a purported aphrodisiac....
    , found in energy/weight-loss supplements/drinks and used traditionally as an aphrodisiac
  • Methaqualone
    Methaqualone

    Methaqualone is a sedative medication that is similar in effect to barbiturates, a general central nervous system depressant. It was used in the 1960s and 1970s as an hypnotic, for the treatment of insomnia, and as a sedative and muscle relaxant....
    , "Quaalude"


Demographics


(15+), in litres of pure alcohol]]

United States


Drug use has increased in all categories since prohibition. Since 1937, 20% to 37% of the youth in the United States have used marijuana. One in four high school seniors has used the drug in the past month; one in ten 8th graders has done so. Between 1972 and 1988, the use of cocaine increased more than fivefold. The usage patterns of the current two most prevalent drugs, methamphetamine and ecstasy, have shown similar gains.

Recently, new methods for reporting drug use statistics in near real-time have been made possible for over 300 substances in the 3,140 US counties.

Ireland


A study in Ireland
Republic of Ireland

Ireland is an Island country in north-western Europe. The modern Sovereignty state occupies about five-sixths of the island of Ireland, which was partitioned by the British on 3 May 1921....
 found that for teenagers aged 15-19:

  • 86% Drink alcohol (the legal alcohol purchase age and public drinking age
    Legal drinking age

    The legal drinking age refers to the minimum age when a person is legally allowed to purchase and consume alcoholic beverages in his/her home country....
     is 18.)
    • 51% binge drink (defined as five drinks or more at occasion) at least once a month.
    • 19% Binge drink once a week.
    • On a typical drinking occasion, the average amount of alcoholic beverages consumed is 5.75 pints.
    • The average age for taking a first alcoholic drink is 13½.
  • 50% Have used illegal drugs at least once.
    • 41% Have used cannabis
      Cannabis

      Cannabis is a genus of flowering plants that includes three putative species, Cannabis sativa L., Cannabis indica Lam., and Cannabis ruderalis Janisch....
       at least once.
    • The average age of first illegal drug use is 14½.


Worldwide


Usage rates around the world:

  • Adult lifetime cannabis use by country
    Adult lifetime cannabis use by country

    |}Lifetime prevalence of cannabis use among all adults in surveys among the general population. Unless another reference is indicated all the data comes from the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction....
  • Annual cannabis use by country
    Annual cannabis use by country

    This is a list of countries by the annual prevalence of cannabis use as a percentage of the population aged 15-64 . The indicator is the "annual prevalence" rate which is the percentage of the youth and adult population who have consumed the drug at least once in the past survey year....
  • List of countries by alcohol consumption
    List of countries by alcohol consumption

    File:Alcohol consumption per capita world map.PNGThis is a list of countries by alcohol consumption measured in litres of pure alcohol consumed per capita in a given year, according to the most recent data from the World Health Organization....


See also


  • 420 (cannabis culture)
    420 (cannabis culture)

    4:20 or 4/20 refers to consumption of Cannabis and, by extension, a way to identify oneself with cannabis drug subculture....
  • Arguments for and against drug prohibition
    Arguments for and against drug prohibition

    The prohibition is a subject of considerable controversy. The following is a presentation of arguments for and against drug prohibition....
  • Club drug
    Club drug

    Club drugs are a loosely-defined category of recreational drugs which are associated with discoth?ques in the 1970s and dance clubs, parties, and raves in the 1980s to the 2000s....
  • Drug abuse
    Drug abuse

    Drug abuse has a huge range of definitions related to taking a psychoactive drug or performance enhancing drug for a non-therapeutic or non-medical effect....
  • Drug subculture
    Drug subculture

    Drug subcultures are examples of countercultures, primarily defined by recreational drug use.Drug subcultures are groups of people united by a common understanding of the meaning and value of the incorporation into life of the drug in question....
  • Hard and soft drugs
    Hard and soft drugs

    The terms hard and soft drugs reflect distinctions made between various psychoactive drug, generally in connection with their use without prescription....
  • Intravenous drug use (recreational)
    Intravenous drug use (recreational)

    Intravenous drug use refers to intravenous injection of recreational drugs ....
  • Party and play
    Party and play

    Party and play , also known as a chem session or chemical session or simply as partying, is a phenomenon and subculture of illegal drug users who play together sexually, either one-on-one or in groups....
  • Psychedelic
    Psychedelic

    The word 'psychedelic' is an English term coined from the Greek language words for "soul," ???? , and "manifest," d???? . A psychedelic experience is characterized by the perception of aspects of one's mind previously unknown, or by the creative exuberance of the mind liberated from its ostensibly ordinary fetters....
  • Responsible drug use
    Responsible drug use

    Responsible drug use is a harm reduction strategy which argues that people can Law use controlled drugs or other drugs , with reduced or eliminated risk of negatively affecting other parts of their lives or those of others....
  • Spiritual use of cannabis
    Spiritual use of cannabis

    Cannabis has an ancient history of ritual usage as an aid to trance and has been traditionally used in a Religion and drugs throughout the old world....
  • Stoner film
    Stoner film

    Stoner film is a subgenre of films that center around the use of the drug cannabis . Typically, such movies show cannabis use in a comic and positive fashion....


External links

  • on