Rebana is a Malay tambourine

Tambourine

The tambourine or marine is a musical instrument of the percussion family consisting of a frame, often of wood or plastic, with pairs of small metal jingles, called "zils". Classically the term tambourine denotes an instrument with a drumhead, though some variants may not have a head at all....

 that is used in Islamic devotional music in Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia

Indonesia

Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...

, Malaysia, Brunei

Brunei

Brunei , officially the State of Brunei Darussalam or the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace , is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo, in Southeast Asia...

, and Singapore

Singapore

Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the...

. The sound of Rebana often accompany Islamic ritual such as the zikir

Zikir

Zikir is a form of song from Malaysia. It is found mostly in rural areas, and consists of the choral singing of Arabic language texts in praise of Muhammad. The singing is often accompanied by rabana kercing or shallow frame drums.-External links:*...

. The name Rebana came from the Arabic word Robbana meaning "our God".

Rebana in Malaysia

There are many type of rebana, the biggest rebana known is Rebana Ubi. Rebana Ubi are widely use by the Malay people in East Coast Malaysia such Kelantan

Kelantan

Kelantan is a state of Malaysia. The capital and royal seat is Kota Bharu. The Arabic honorific of the state is Darul Naim, ....

 or Terengganu

Terengganu

Terengganu is a sultanate and constitutive state of federal Malaysia. The state is also known by its Arabic honorific, Darul Iman...

. This type of rebana is the only rebana with a decorative pattern on the body and the face. Smaller rebana also known as Kompang is widely use by Malay people when celebrating the bride and groom in a wedding ceremony. Rebana Hadrah came from the state of Johore.

The Rebana is the image engraved on one side of the Malaysian 1 sen coin.

Rebana in Indonesia

Rebana in Indonesia is particularly associated with the Muslim community, such as the Minang in Sumatra and the Betawi in Jakarta.

Rebana in Sumatra

The Minang people of West Sumatra

West Sumatra

West Sumatra is a province of Indonesia. It lies on the west coast of the island Sumatra. It borders the provinces of North Sumatra to the north, Riau and Jambi to the east, and Bengkulu to the southeast. It includes the Mentawai Islands off the coast...

 use rebana in their traditional dance.

The redep or redap is a type of rebana from Palembang

Palembang

Palembang is the capital city of the South Sumatra province in Indonesia. Palembang is one of the oldest cities in Indonesia, and has a history of being a capital of a maritime empire. Located on the Musi River banks on the east coast of southern Sumatra island, it has an area of 400.61 square...

, South Sumatra

South Sumatra

South Sumatra is a province of Indonesia.-Geography:It is on the island of Sumatra, and borders the provinces of Lampung to the south, Bengkulu to the west, and Jambi to the north...

. It is usually colored in red, black, and gold; a typical color in Palembang art. The redep is part of the kulintang

Kulintang

Kulintang is a modern term for an ancient instrumental form of music composed on a row of small, horizontally-laid gongs that function melodically, accompanied by larger, suspended gongs and drums...

 ensemble of southern Sumatra, sometimes together with the serunai (oboe-like double reed) and a violin. These combinations suggest a combined influence of Buddhist, Hindu, Portuguese, Malay and Western Asia, Arab origins.. West Asian music influenced southern Sumatra since the early 16th century when a Muslim sultanate of mixed Javanese and Arab blood reigned in Palembang.

Rebana in Jakarta

The rebana in Jakarta

Jakarta

Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, it is located on the northwest coast of Java, has an area of , and a population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre...

 is particularly associated with the Muslim community of Betawi, often found in Central

Central Jakarta

Central Jakarta is one of the five cities which form Jakarta, Indonesia. It had 898,883 inhabitants at the 2010 Census.Central Jakarta is the smallest in area and population of the five cities of Jakarta. It is the administrative and political center of Jakarta and Indonesia...

 and South Jakarta

South Jakarta

South Jakarta is a city within Jakarta Special District, Indonesia. It had a population of 2,057,080 at the 2010 Census, and is the third most populous among the five cities of Jakarta, after East Jakarta and West Jakarta...

. Each kampong in Jakarta has its own rebana, for example, Rebana Burdah can be found in Kuningan Barat Kelurahan (Mampang Prapatan

Mampang Prapatan

Mampang Prapatan is a subdistrict of South Jakarta, one of the five administrative cities which forms the special capital region of Jakarta, Indonesia. The expatriate residential area of Bangka and Kemang, known for its annual Kemang Festival, is located in Mampang Prapatan Subdistrict...

 Subdistrict), while Rebana Maukhid is from Pejaten Kelurahan (Pasar Minggu

Pasar Minggu

right|thumb|Pasar Minggus fruit marketPasar Minggu is a subdistrict of South Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. The area is known for its traditional sunday market, famous for the fruit market. Historically, Pasar Minggu is a fruit cultivation area developed by the Dutch government during the colonial...

 Subdistrict). Rebana may be used in a wedding ritual or in a circumcision ceremony.

Rebana Biang is a large, jingle-less, 90 centimeter in diameter rebana. Rebana Biang can still be found in southern area of Jakarta, e.g. Ciganjur, Cijantung, Cakung

Cakung

Cakung is a subdistrict of East Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. The subdistrict is roughly bounded with Bekasi Raya Road to the west, Bekasi Raya Road - Petukangan canal to the north, portion of Cakung river to the east, and Jakarta-Bandung-Surabaya railway to the south. Large area in Cakung is...

, Ciseeng, Parung, Pondok Rajeg, Bojong Gede, and Citayam. Pondok Cina and Bintaro area used to have a Rebana Biang tradition, but it had vanished due to urbanization. Rebana Biang is also known as Rebana Gede, Rebana Salun, Gembyung, and Terbang Selamat. Rebana Biang is different with typical rebanas in which it has no metal jingles and the drumhead (or wangkis) is fixed using wedges instead of nails (not different with the Tifa from Maluku

Maluku Islands

The Maluku Islands are an archipelago that is part of Indonesia, and part of the larger Maritime Southeast Asia region. Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone...

). It is assumed that the Rebana Biang originated from the period before the coming of Islam to Indonesia. Rebana Biang may accompany other smaller rebanas in an ensemble. Because of its large size, feet and knees may be used to support the rebana, which may also be used to control the sound of the rebana.

Rebana Burdah is a 50 centimeter in diamater rebana. The name Burdah comes from the Al Burda qaida (qaida is a form of Arabic poem) which is usually accompanied by the Rebana Burdah ensemble, or from the name of the leader of the Rebana Burdah ensemble, the Arab descendant Sayid Abdullah Ba'mar. Rebana Burdah can be found in Kuningan Sarat (Mampang Prapatan

Mampang Prapatan

Mampang Prapatan is a subdistrict of South Jakarta, one of the five administrative cities which forms the special capital region of Jakarta, Indonesia. The expatriate residential area of Bangka and Kemang, known for its annual Kemang Festival, is located in Mampang Prapatan Subdistrict...

 Subdistrict).

Rebana Maukhid is a 40 centimeter in diameter rebana from Pejaten, Pasar Minggu

Pasar Minggu

right|thumb|Pasar Minggus fruit marketPasar Minggu is a subdistrict of South Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. The area is known for its traditional sunday market, famous for the fruit market. Historically, Pasar Minggu is a fruit cultivation area developed by the Dutch government during the colonial...

 Subdistrict. Rebana Maukhid usually accompanies song by Abdullah Alhadad, who is said to come from Hadhramaut

Hadhramaut

Hadhramaut, Hadhramout, Hadramawt or Ḥaḍramūt is the formerly independent Qu'aiti state and sultanate encompassing a historical region of the south Arabian Peninsula along the Gulf of Aden in the Arabian Sea, extending eastwards from Yemen to the borders of the Dhofar region of Oman...

, and whose descendants live in Pejaten.

Rebana Ketimpring contains three pairs of jingles in its body. The ensemble of Rebana Ketimpring contains three players, each holding three rebanas with sizes between 20 to 25 centimeter called rebana tiga, rebana empat, and rebana lima respectively. Rebana lima is placed in the center and acts as the leader of the ensemble. Rebana Ketimpring are used in the feast of a wedding ceremony (called ngarak) or in a blessing-asking rituals such as a circumcision ritual or after a child birth (called maulid)

Rebana Dor is a rebana which contains small holes on its side to ease its handling. Rebana Kasidah or Qasidah is a modernized form of Rebana Dor whose singer is usually a female. Rebana Kasidah is the most popular form of rebana, with more than 600 bands of Rebana Kasidah in Jakarta alone, and is considered a pop music

Pop music

Pop music is usually understood to be commercially recorded music, often oriented toward a youth market, usually consisting of relatively short, simple songs utilizing technological innovations to produce new variations on existing themes.- Definitions :David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop...

.

Rebana in Cambodia

The rebana is also used among the Cham and Malay ethnic group in Cambodia. A large variation of the rebana is used in the Yike

Yike

Yike is a genre of dance drama from Cambodia with strong Cham and Malay influences. Yike is performed in nearly every province of Cambodia and by the Khmer Krom communities in southern Vietnam. The Khmer Krom have two terms for it, the yike as the rest of Khmer communities, and the yuke which is...

theatre of Cambodia where it is called skor yike (or yike drum).