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Realism (visual Arts)

 
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Realism is a visual art style that depicts the actuality of what the eyes can see. Realists render everyday characters, situations, dilemmas, and objects, all in verisimilitude
Verisimilitude

Verisimilitude in its literary context is defined as the fact or quality of being verisimilar, the appearance of being true or real; likeness or resemblance of the truth, reality or a fact's probability....
. They tend to discard theatrical drama, lofty subjects and classical
Classicism

File:Nicolas Poussin 055.jpgClassicism, in the The Arts, refers generally to a high regard for classical antiquity, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seeks to emulate....
 forms in favor of commonplace themes. Gustave Courbet
Gustave Courbet

Jean D?sir? Gustave Courbet was a France Painting who led the realism movement in 19th-century French painting....
 is credited with coining the term, which often refers to the artistic movement
Realism (arts)

Realism in the visual arts and literature is the depiction of subjects as they appear in everyday life, without embellishment or interpretation....
, sometimes called naturalism, which began in the 1850s in France.

ism appears in art as early as 2400 BC in the city of Lothal
Lothal

Lothal is one of the most prominent cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization. Located in the modern state of Gujarat and dating from 24th century BC, it is one of India's most important archaeology site that dates from that era....
 in what is now India
India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
, and examples can be found throughout the history of art.






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Realism is a visual art style that depicts the actuality of what the eyes can see. Realists render everyday characters, situations, dilemmas, and objects, all in verisimilitude
Verisimilitude

Verisimilitude in its literary context is defined as the fact or quality of being verisimilar, the appearance of being true or real; likeness or resemblance of the truth, reality or a fact's probability....
. They tend to discard theatrical drama, lofty subjects and classical
Classicism

File:Nicolas Poussin 055.jpgClassicism, in the The Arts, refers generally to a high regard for classical antiquity, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seeks to emulate....
 forms in favor of commonplace themes. Gustave Courbet
Gustave Courbet

Jean D?sir? Gustave Courbet was a France Painting who led the realism movement in 19th-century French painting....
 is credited with coining the term, which often refers to the artistic movement
Realism (arts)

Realism in the visual arts and literature is the depiction of subjects as they appear in everyday life, without embellishment or interpretation....
, sometimes called naturalism, which began in the 1850s in France.

Course

Realism appears in art as early as 2400 BC in the city of Lothal
Lothal

Lothal is one of the most prominent cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization. Located in the modern state of Gujarat and dating from 24th century BC, it is one of India's most important archaeology site that dates from that era....
 in what is now India
India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
, and examples can be found throughout the history of art. In the broadest sense, realism in a work of art exists wherever something has been well observed and accurately depicted, even if the work as a whole does not strictly conform to the conditions of realism. For example, the proto-Renaissance
Renaissance

The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe....
 painter Giotto di Bondone
Giotto di Bondone

Giotto di Bondone , better known simply as Giotto, was an italy Painting and architect from Florence. He is generally considered the first in a line of great artists who contributed to the Italian Renaissance....
 brought a new realism to the art of painting by rendering physical space and volume far more convincingly than his Gothic
Gothic art

Gothic art was a Medieval art art movement that lasted about 200 years. It began in France out of the Romanesque art period in the mid-12th century, concurrent with Gothic architecture found in Cathedrals....
 predecessors. His paintings, like theirs, represented biblical scenes and the lives of the saints.

In the late 16th century, the prevailing mode in European art was mannerism
Mannerism

Mannerism is a Art periods of European art which emerged from the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520. It lasted until about 1580 in Italy, when a more Baroque style began to replace it, but continued into the seventeenth century throughout much of Europe....
, an artificial art of elongated figures in graceful but unlikely poses. Caravaggio
Caravaggio

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, was an Italian people artist active in Rome, Naples, Malta and Sicily between 1593 and 1610, considered the first great representative of the Baroque school of painting....
 emerged to change the direction of art by depicting flesh-and-blood human beings, painted directly from life with an immediacy never before seen.

A fondness for humble subjects and homely details characterizes much of Dutch art
Dutch art

Dutch art describes the history of visual arts in the Netherlands, after the Dutch Republic separated from Flanders. Earlier painting in the area is covered in Early Netherlandish painting and Renaissance art....
, and Rembrandt
Rembrandt

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn was a Netherlands Painting and etching. He is generally considered one of the greatest painters and printmakers in European art history and the most important in History of the Netherlands....
 is an outstanding realist in his renunciation of the ideal and his embrace of the life around him. In the 19th century a group of French landscape artists known as the Barbizon School
Barbizon school

The Barbizon school of painters is named after the village of Barbizon near Fontainebleau, France, where the artists gathered.The Barbizon painters were part of a movement towards realism in art which arose in the context of the dominant Romanticism of the time....
 emphasized close observation of nature, paving the way for the Impressionists
Impressionism

Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement that began as a loose association of Paris-based artists art exhibition their art publicly in the 1860s....
. In England the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was a group of England Paintings, poets, and critics, founded in 1848 by Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Michael Rossetti, James Collinson, John Everett Millais, Frederic George Stephens, Thomas Woolner and William Holman Hunt....
  rejected what they saw as the formulaic idealism of the followers of Raphael
Raphael

Raphael Sanzio, usually known by his first name alone was an Italy Painting and architect of the High Renaissance, celebrated for the perfection and grace of his paintings and drawings....
, which led some of them to an art of intense realism. The final years and aftermath of the First World War saw a return of realism and of styles dating back to before Post-Impressionism
Post-Impressionism

Post-Impressionism is the term coined by the British artist and art critic Roger Fry in 1910 to describe the development of French art since Edouard Manet....
, in the so-called "Return to Order" - this became known as "Neo-Realism" or "Modern Realism" in England (led by Meredith Frampton
Meredith Frampton

Meredith Frampton was a British painter and etcher.Frampton was educated at St John's Wood Art School and the Royal Academy Schools. Although his artistic career was short and his output was limited, his work is on display at the National Portrait Gallery , Tate Gallery, Tate Modern and Imperial War Museum....
, Charles Ginner
Charles Ginner

Charles Ginner was born in Cannes. He settled in London in 1910 and was a key member of the Camden Town Group.He was a member of the Cumberland Market Group, founded in 1914....
, Harold Gilman
Harold Gilman

The British artist Harold John Wilde Gilman was a founder-member of the Camden Town Group. He died in the Spanish flu of 1918-19....
 and the Euston Road School
Euston Road School

The Euston Road School was a group of England Paintings, active in London between 1937 and 1939.William Coldstream, Victor Pasmore, Claude Rogers, Maurice Field and Graham Bell set up a School of Drawing and Painting in Euston Road in 1937, and other associated artists included Lawrence Gowing, Tom Carr , Peter Lanyon and Rodrigo Moynihan....
), traditionisme in France (led by André Derain
André Derain

Andr? Derain was a French painter and co-founder of Fauvism with Henri Matisse....
) and "Neue Sachlichkeit
New Objectivity

The New Objectivity , was an art movement that arose in Germany in the early 1920s as an outgrowth of, and in opposition to, expressionism. The movement essentially ended in 1933 with the fall of the Weimar Republic and the rise of the Nazis to power....
" (led by Otto Dix
Otto Dix

Wilhelm Heinrich Otto Dix // was a Germany painter and printmaker. Noted for his ruthless and harshly realistic depictions of Weimar Republic society and of the brutality of war, he, along with George Grosz, is widely considered one of the most important artists of the New Objectivity....
 and Christian Schad
Christian Schad

Christian Schad was a German painter associated with Dada and the New Objectivity movement....
) and "Magic Realism
Magic realism

Magic realism, or magical realism, is an artistic genre in which magical elements or illogical scenarios appear in an otherwise realistic or even "normal" setting....
" in Germany.

Trompe l'oeil
Trompe l'oeil

Trompe-l'?il, which can also be spelled without the hyphen in English, is an art technique involving extremely realistic imagery in order to create the optical illusion that the depicted objects appear in three-dimensions, instead of actually being a two-dimensional painting....
 (literally, "fool the eye"), a technique which creates the illusion that the objects depicted actually exist, is an extreme example of artistic realism. Examples of this tendency can be found in art from antiquity to the present day.

Millet Gleaners


Among the important realist painters are:
  • William Bliss Baker
    William Bliss Baker

    William Bliss Baker was an United States artist born in New York City who was just beginning to hit his stride as a landscape painter in the Realism movement when he died at his father's house at Hoosick Falls, New York at the age of 27 due to a back injury received while ice skating several months earlier....
  • Rosa Bonheur
    Rosa Bonheur

    Rosa Bonheur, n?e Marie-Rosalie Bonheur, was a French animali?re and Realism artist, one of few female sculptors. As a Painting she became famous primarily for two chief works: , which was first exhibited at the Salon of 1848, and is now in the Mus?e d?Orsay in Paris depicts a team of oxen ploughing a field while attended by peasant...
  • William-Adolphe Bouguereau
  • Karl Briullov
    Karl Briullov

    Karl Pavlovich Briullov , called by his friends the Great Karl , was an internationally renowned Russian painter. He is regarded as a key figure in transition from the Russian neoclassicism to romanticism....
  • Henri Cadiou
    Henri Cadiou

    Henri Cadiou was a French realist painter and lithographer known for his work in trompe-l'oeil paintings. He is credited with being a founder of the l??cole de la r?alit? in 1949 ....
  • Ford Madox Brown
    Ford Madox Brown

    Ford Madox Brown was an England painter of moral and historical subjects, notable for his distinctively graphic and often William Hogarth version of the Pre-Raphaelite style....
  • Jean Baptiste Siméon Chardin
  • Camille Corot
  • Gustave Courbet
    Gustave Courbet

    Jean D?sir? Gustave Courbet was a France Painting who led the realism movement in 19th-century French painting....
  • Charles-François Daubigny
    Charles-François Daubigny

    Charles-Fran?ois Daubigny was one of the Paintings of the Barbizon school, and is considered an important precursor of Impressionism.Daubigny was born into a family of painters and was taught the art by his father Edmond Fran?ois Daubigny and his uncle, miniaturist Pierre Daubigny....
  • Honoré Daumier
    Honoré Daumier

    Honor? Daumier , was a France printmaker, caricaturist, Painting, and sculptor, whose many works offer commentary on social and political life in France in the 19th century....
  • Edgar Degas
    Edgar Degas

    Edgar Degas , born Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas , was a French artist famous for his work in painting, sculpture, printmaking and drawing. He is regarded as one of the founders of Impressionism although he rejected the term, and preferred to be called a realist....
     (also an Impressionist
    Impressionism

    Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement that began as a loose association of Paris-based artists art exhibition their art publicly in the 1860s....
    )
  • Edward Hopper
    Edward Hopper

    Edward Hopper was a prominent United States realist Painting and printmaker. While most popularly known for his oil paintings, he was equally proficient as a watercolorist and printmaker in etching....
  • Thomas Eakins
    Thomas Eakins

    Thomas Cowperthwait Eakins was an United States Realism Painting, photographer, Sculpture, and fine arts educator. He is widely acknowledged to be one of the most important artists in American art history....
  • Nikolai Ge
    Nikolai Ge

    Nikolai Ge was a Russian realist painter famous for his works on historical and religious motifs.Nikolai Ge was born in Voronezh to a Russian noble family of France origin....
  • Aleksander Gierymski
    Aleksander Gierymski

    Ignacy Aleksander Gierymski was a Poland Painting of the late 19th century. He was the younger brother of Maksymilian Gierymski, equally renowned Polish watercolour painter....
  • William Harnett
    William Harnett

    File:Harnett - A Smoke Backstage, oil on canvas, 1877.jpgWilliam Michael Harnett was an Ireland-United States Painting who practiced a trompe l'oeil style of realistic painting....
     (a specialist in trompe l'oeil
    Trompe l'oeil

    Trompe-l'?il, which can also be spelled without the hyphen in English, is an art technique involving extremely realistic imagery in order to create the optical illusion that the depicted objects appear in three-dimensions, instead of actually being a two-dimensional painting....
    )
  • Winslow Homer
    Winslow Homer

    Winslow Homer was an United States landscape painter and printmaker, best known for his marine subjects. He is considered one of the foremost painters in 19th century America and a preeminent figure in American art....
  • Louis Le Nain
    Le Nain

    The three Le Nain brothers were Paintings in 17th-century France:Antoine Le Nain ,Louis Le Nain , andMathieu Le Nain .The three were born in Laon , and by 1630, all three lived in Paris....
  • Édouard Manet
    Édouard Manet

    ?douard Manet , 23 January 1832 – 30 April 1883, was a French Painting. One of the first nineteenth century artists to approach modern-life subjects, he was a pivotal figure in the transition from realism to Impressionism....
     (associated with Impressionism
    Impressionism

    Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement that began as a loose association of Paris-based artists art exhibition their art publicly in the 1860s....
    )
  • Jean-François Millet
    Jean-François Millet

    Jean-Fran?ois Millet was a French Painting and one of the founders of the Barbizon school in rural France. Millet is noted for his scenes of peasant farmers; he can be categorized as part of the Naturalism and Realism movements....
  • Ilya Yefimovich Repin
    Ilya Yefimovich Repin

    Ilya Yefimovich Repin...
  • Rembrandt van Rijn
  • Théodore Rousseau
    Théodore Rousseau

    Pierre ?tienne Th?odore Rousseau , France Painting of the Barbizon school, was born in Paris, of a bourgeois family which included one or two artists....
  • Andrew Wyeth
    Andrew Wyeth

    Andrew Newell Wyeth was a visual artist, primarily a Realism painter, working predominantly in a Regionalism style. He was one of the best-known U.S....
  • Nikolai Yaroshenko
    Nikolai Yaroshenko

    Nikolai Alexandrovich Yaroshenko was a Russian painter of Ukraine origin.Nikolai Alexandrovich Yaroshenko was born on in the city of Poltava, Russian Empire to a son of a Imperial Russian Army officer....


See also

Realistic art
  • Classical Realism
    Classical Realism

    For Classical Realism in International Relations, see Realism Classical Realism refers to an artistic movement in late 20th century painting that places a high value upon skill and beauty, combining elements of 19th century neoclassicism and Realism ....
  • Fantastic realism
    Fantastic Realism

    Fantastic Realism can refer to:*Vienna School of Fantastic Realism, a 20th century group of artists in Vienna combining techniques of the Old Masters with religious and esoteric symbolism...
  • Figurative art
    Figurative art

    Figurative art, sometimes written as figurativism, describes artwork - particularly paintings and sculptures - which are clearly derived from real object sources, and are therefore by definition representation ....
  • Illustration
    Illustration

    An illustration is a Information graphic such as a drawing, painting, photograph or other work of art that stresses subject more than form. The aim of an illustration is to elucidate or decorate textual information by providing a visual representation....
  • Genre works
  • Heroic realism
    Heroic realism

    Heroic realism is a term which has sometimes been used to describe art used as propaganda. Examples include the Socialist realism style associated with Communist regimes, and the very similar art style associated with Fascism....
  • Magic realism
    Magic realism

    Magic realism, or magical realism, is an artistic genre in which magical elements or illogical scenarios appear in an otherwise realistic or even "normal" setting....
  • Naturalism (art)
    Naturalism (art)

    Naturalism in art refers to the depiction of realistic objects in a natural setting. The realism movement of the 19th century advocated naturalism in reaction to the stylized and idealized depictions of subjects in Romanticism, but many painters have adopted a similar approach over the centuries....
  • New Realism
    New realism

    Nouveau R?alisme refers to an artistic movement founded in 1960 by the art critic Pierre Restany and the painter Yves Klein during the first collective exposition in the Apollinaire gallery in Milan....
  • Photorealism
    Photorealism

    Photorealism is the genre of painting based on making a painting of a photograph. The term is primarily applied to paintings from the United States photorealism art movement that began in the late 1960s, early 1970s....
  • Romantic realism
    Romantic realism

    Romantic Realism is an aesthetics term that usually refers to art that deals with the themes of Volition and Value theory while also acknowledging objective reality and the importance of wikt:technique....
  • Social realism
    Social realism

    Social Realism, also known as Socio-Realism, is an artistic movement, expressed in the visual and other realism , which depicts working class activities....
  • Socialist realism
    Socialist realism

    Socialist realism is a Teleology-oriented style of realism which has as its purpose the furtherance of the goals of socialism and communism. Although related, it should not be confused with social realism, a type of art that realistically depicts subjects of social concern....
  • American realism
    American realism

    American realism was a turn of the century idea in art, music and literature that showed through these different types of work, reflections of the time period....


Schools

  • Barbizon school
    Barbizon school

    The Barbizon school of painters is named after the village of Barbizon near Fontainebleau, France, where the artists gathered.The Barbizon painters were part of a movement towards realism in art which arose in the context of the dominant Romanticism of the time....
  • Peredvizhniki
    Peredvizhniki

    Peredvizhniki , often called The Wanderers or The Itinerants in English, were a group of Russian realism artists who in protest at academic restrictions formed an artists' cooperative which evolved into the Society for Traveling Art Exhibitions in 1870....
  • Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
    Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

    The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was a group of England Paintings, poets, and critics, founded in 1848 by Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Michael Rossetti, James Collinson, John Everett Millais, Frederic George Stephens, Thomas Woolner and William Holman Hunt....


External links

  • - Society for the advancement of Realism in Fine Art