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The Rashidun Caliphate , also referred to as the Islamic Empire or Rashidun Empire, was the first of the four Arab
Arab

An Arab is a person who Identity as such on linguistic or cultural grounds. The plural form, Arabs , refers to the Ethnocultural group at large....
 caliphate
Caliphate

The caliphate represented the political leadership of the Muslim ummah in classical and medieval Islamic history and juristic theory. The head of state's position is based on the notion of a successor to the Prophets of Islam Muhammad's political authority....
s. It was controlled by the first four successors of Muhammad
Muhammad

Muhammad Patronymic#Arabic Abd Allah ibn Abd al Muttalib , is the founder of the Major religious groups of Islam and is regarded by Muslims as a Rasul and prophet of , the last and the greatest law-bearer in a series of prophets....
, known as the "Rightly Guided" caliphs. Founded after Muhammad's death in 632, the empire lasted until 'Ali's death in 661. At its height, the power of the Rashidun Caliphs extended throughout North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Iranian highlands.

r Muhammad's death in 632, the Medinan Ansar
Ansar (Islam)

Ansar is an Islamic term that literally means "helpers" and denotes the Medinan citizens that helped Muhammad and the Muhajirun on the arrival to the city after the Migration to Medina....
 were debating who -among them- should succeed prophet Muhammad in running the affairs of the Muslims while the household of the prophet was busy in the burial of the prophet.






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The Rashidun Caliphate , also referred to as the Islamic Empire or Rashidun Empire, was the first of the four Arab
Arab

An Arab is a person who Identity as such on linguistic or cultural grounds. The plural form, Arabs , refers to the Ethnocultural group at large....
 caliphate
Caliphate

The caliphate represented the political leadership of the Muslim ummah in classical and medieval Islamic history and juristic theory. The head of state's position is based on the notion of a successor to the Prophets of Islam Muhammad's political authority....
s. It was controlled by the first four successors of Muhammad
Muhammad

Muhammad Patronymic#Arabic Abd Allah ibn Abd al Muttalib , is the founder of the Major religious groups of Islam and is regarded by Muslims as a Rasul and prophet of , the last and the greatest law-bearer in a series of prophets....
, known as the "Rightly Guided" caliphs. Founded after Muhammad's death in 632, the empire lasted until 'Ali's death in 661. At its height, the power of the Rashidun Caliphs extended throughout North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Iranian highlands.

Origin

After Muhammad's death in 632, the Medinan Ansar
Ansar (Islam)

Ansar is an Islamic term that literally means "helpers" and denotes the Medinan citizens that helped Muhammad and the Muhajirun on the arrival to the city after the Migration to Medina....
 were debating who -among them- should succeed prophet Muhammad in running the affairs of the Muslims while the household of the prophet was busy in the burial of the prophet. 'Umar (who is from Quraish) and Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah
Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah

Abu 'Ubaidah 'Amir ibn 'Abdullah ibn al-Jarra? , more commonly known as Abu 'Ubaidah ibn al-Jarra?, was one of the ten companions of the Prophet Muhammad who were promised Jannah as mentioned in early Islamic historical accounts and records....
 pledged their loyalty to Abu Bakr
Abu Bakr

Abu Bakr Abdallah ibn Abi Quhafa As-Siddiq was an early convert to Islam and a senior companion of the Prophets of Islam Muhammad. Throughout his life, Abu Bakr remained a friend and confidante of Muhammad....
, with the Ansar and Quraish soon following suit. Abu Bakr thus became the first Khalifa Rasul Allah (Successor of the Messenger of God), and embarked on campaigns to propagate the Muslim Religion and Deliver the Message of God.