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Raschig rings are pieces of tube (approximately equal in length and diameter) used in large numbers as a packed bed
Packed bed

In chemical processing, a packed bed is a hollow Tubing, pipe, or other vessel that is filled with a packing material. The packing can be randomly filled with small objects like Raschig rings or else it can be a specifically designed structured packing....
 within columns for distillations and other chemical engineering
Chemical engineering

Chemical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with the application of physical science , with mathematics, to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms....
 processes. They are usually ceramic or metal and provide a large surface area within the volume of the column for interaction between liquid and gas or vapour. Raschig rings are named after their inventor, the German chemist Friedrich Raschig
Friedrich Raschig

Friedrich August Raschig was a German chemist and politician. He was born in Brandenburg an der Havel. After he received his PhD in 1884 from the University of Berlin for his work with Robert Wilhelm Bunsen he started working at the BASF company....
.

They form what is now known as random packing, and enabled Raschig to perform distillations of much greater efficiency than his competitors using fractional distillation
Fractional distillation

Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions, such as in separating chemical compound by their boiling point by heating them to a temperature at which several fractions of the compound will evaporate....
 columns with trays.

In a distillation column, the reflux
Reflux

Reflux is a technique involving the condensation of vapors and the return of this condensate to the system from which it originated. It is used in industrial and laboratory distillations....
 or condensed vapour runs down the column, covering the surfaces of the rings, while vapour from the reboiler
Reboiler

Reboilers are heat exchangers typically used to provide heat to the bottom of industrial continuous distillation columns. They boil the liquid from the bottom of a distillation column to generate vapors which are returned to the column to drive the distillation separation....
 goes up the column.






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Raschig rings are pieces of tube (approximately equal in length and diameter) used in large numbers as a packed bed
Packed bed

In chemical processing, a packed bed is a hollow Tubing, pipe, or other vessel that is filled with a packing material. The packing can be randomly filled with small objects like Raschig rings or else it can be a specifically designed structured packing....
 within columns for distillations and other chemical engineering
Chemical engineering

Chemical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with the application of physical science , with mathematics, to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms....
 processes. They are usually ceramic or metal and provide a large surface area within the volume of the column for interaction between liquid and gas or vapour. Raschig rings are named after their inventor, the German chemist Friedrich Raschig
Friedrich Raschig

Friedrich August Raschig was a German chemist and politician. He was born in Brandenburg an der Havel. After he received his PhD in 1884 from the University of Berlin for his work with Robert Wilhelm Bunsen he started working at the BASF company....
.

They form what is now known as random packing, and enabled Raschig to perform distillations of much greater efficiency than his competitors using fractional distillation
Fractional distillation

Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions, such as in separating chemical compound by their boiling point by heating them to a temperature at which several fractions of the compound will evaporate....
 columns with trays.

In a distillation column, the reflux
Reflux

Reflux is a technique involving the condensation of vapors and the return of this condensate to the system from which it originated. It is used in industrial and laboratory distillations....
 or condensed vapour runs down the column, covering the surfaces of the rings, while vapour from the reboiler
Reboiler

Reboilers are heat exchangers typically used to provide heat to the bottom of industrial continuous distillation columns. They boil the liquid from the bottom of a distillation column to generate vapors which are returned to the column to drive the distillation separation....
 goes up the column. As the vapour and liquid pass each other countercurrently in a small space, they tend towards equilibrium. Thus less volatile material tends to go downwards, more volatile material upwards.

They are also used for devices where gas and liquid are put in contact for purposes of gas absorption, stripping or chemical reaction, and as a support for biofilm
Biofilm

A biofilm is a structured community of microorganisms encapsulated within a self-developed polymeric matrix and adherent to a living or inert surface....
s in biological reactors.

Raschig rings made from borosilicate glass
Borosilicate glass

File:Schott Duran glassware.jpgBorosilicate glass is a type of glass with the main glass-forming constituents silicon dioxide and boron oxide....
 are sometimes employed in the handling of nuclear materials, where they are used inside vessels and tanks containing solutions of fissile material, for example solutions of enriched uranyl nitrate
Uranyl nitrate

Uranyl nitrate is a water soluble yellow uranium salt . The yellow-green crystals of uranium nitrate hexahydrate are triboluminescent.Uranyl nitrate can be prepared by reaction of uranium salts with nitric acid....
, acting as neutron absorbers and preventing a potential criticality accident
Criticality accident

A criticality accident, sometimes referred to as an excursion or a power excursion, occurs when a nuclear chain reaction accidentally occurs in fissile material, such as enriched uranium or plutonium....
.

See also

  • Fractionating column
    Fractionating column

    A fractionating column or fractionation column is an essential item used in the distillation of liquid mixtures so as to separate the mixture into its component parts, or fractions, based on the differences in their Volatility ....