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Raphe
 
 
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A raphe has different uses:

ounced "RAY-fee" ), it is most commonly used when describing diatoms, seeds
SEEDS

SEEDS is a voluntary organisation registered under the Societies Act of India.SEEDS was formed in 1994 as an informal group of students and pedagogues of the School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi, whose common interests brought them together and made them carry human habitat environment related exercises beyond set academic target...
, and animal
Animal

Animals are a major group of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the Kingdom Animalia or Metazoa. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their life....
 anatomy
Anatomy

Anatomy is a branch of biology that is the consideration of the body plan. It is a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy and plant anatomy ....
.

In the field of anatomy, the term refers to a continuous ridge of tissue
Biological tissue

Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organism. Hence, a tissue is an ensemble of cells, not necessarily identical, but from the same origin, that together carry out a specific function....
. There are several different significant raphes:










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A raphe has different uses:

In science

Pronounced "RAY-fee" ), it is most commonly used when describing diatoms, seeds
SEEDS

SEEDS is a voluntary organisation registered under the Societies Act of India.SEEDS was formed in 1994 as an informal group of students and pedagogues of the School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi, whose common interests brought them together and made them carry human habitat environment related exercises beyond set academic target...
, and animal
Animal

Animals are a major group of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the Kingdom Animalia or Metazoa. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their life....
 anatomy
Anatomy

Anatomy is a branch of biology that is the consideration of the body plan. It is a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy and plant anatomy ....
.

In the field of anatomy, the term refers to a continuous ridge of tissue
Biological tissue

Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organism. Hence, a tissue is an ensemble of cells, not necessarily identical, but from the same origin, that together carry out a specific function....
. There are several different significant raphes:

  • The perineal raphe
    Perineal raphe

    The perineal raphe extends from the anus, through the mid-line of the scrotum and upwards through the posterior mid-line aspect of the penis ....
     extends from the anus
    Anus

    The anus is an opening at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to expel feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as coprolite ; food material after all the nutrients have b...
    , through the mid-line of the scrotum
    Scrotum

    In some male mammals the scrotum is a protuberance of skin and muscle containing the testicles. It is an extension of the abdomen, and is located between the penis and anus....
     (scrotal raphe) and upwards through the ventral mid-line aspect of the penis
    Penis

    The penis is an external sex organ of certain biologically male organisms, in both vertebrates and invertebrates.The penis is a reproductive organ, technically an intromittent organ, and for Eutheria, additionally serves as the external organ of urination....
     (penile raphe).
  • The buccal raphe which is on the cheek
    Cheek

    Cheeks constitute the area of the face below the eyes and between the nose and the left or right ear.It is fleshy in humans and other mammals, the skin being suspended by the chin and the jaws, and forming the lateral wall of the human mouth, visibly touching the cheekbone below the eye....
     and evidence of the fusion of the maxillary
    Maxillary

    Maxillary is something related to the maxilla bone. It may be:*Maxillary artery*Maxillary nerve*Maxillary prominence*Maxillary sinus...
     and mandibular
    Mandible

    The mandible or inferior maxillary bone forms the lower jaw and holds the lower tooth in place. It also refers to both the upper and lower sections of the beaks of birds....
     processes.
  • The lingual raphe on the tongue
    Tongue

    The tongue is skeletal muscle on the floor of the mouth that manipulates food for chewing . It is the primary organ of taste. Much of the upper surface of the tongue is covered in papillae and taste buds....
    . Obvious physical evidence of the lingual raphe includes the frenulum
    Frenulum

    A frenulum is a small fold of tissue that secures or restricts the motion of a mobile organ in the body....
     (also called the frenum), or band of mucous membrane
    Mucous membrane

    The mucous membranes are linings of mostly germ layer origin, covered in epithelium, which are involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organ ....
     that is visible under the tongue attaching it to the floor of the mouth. If this raphe is too tight at birth, movement of the tongue is restricted and the child is said to be "tongue tied".
  • The palatine raphe
    Palatine raphe

    The palatine raphe is a raphe running across the palate, from the palatine uvula to the incisive papilla.External links*...
     on the roof of the mouth (or palate
    Palate

    The palate is the roof of the mouth in humans and vertebrate animals. It separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity. The palate is divided into two parts, the anterior bony hard palate, and the posterior fleshy soft palate or velum....
    ). Incomplete fusion of the palatine raphe results in a congenital defect known as cleft palate.
  • The pharyngeal raphe
    Pharyngeal raphe

    The Pharyngeal raphe is a raphe that serves as the origin and insertion for several of the pharyngeal constrictors .External links...
     is near the pharyngeal constrictors.
  • The raphe nucleus is a moderate-size cluster of nuclei found in the brain stem which releases serotonin
    Serotonin

    Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter synthesized in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system and enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract of animals including humans....
     to the rest of the brain. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants are believed to act at these nuclei.
  • The anococcygeal raphe
    Anococcygeal raphe

    The fibers of the Levator ani pass downward and backward to the middle line of the floor of the pelvis; the most posterior are inserted into the side of the last two segments of the coccyx; those placed more anteriorly unite with the muscle of the opposite side, in a median fibrous raph?, the anococcygeal raph? , which extends between the coc...
  • The pterygomandibular raphe
    Pterygomandibular raphe

    The pterygomandibular raph? is a tendinous band of the buccopharyngeal fascia, attached by one extremity to the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate, and by the other to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line of the mandible....
  • The lateral palpebral raphe
    Lateral palpebral raphe

    The lateral palpebral raph? is a much weaker structure than the medial palpebral ligament.It is attached to the margin of the frontosphenoidal process of the zygomatic bone, and passes medialward to the lateral commissure of the eyelids, where it divides into two slips, which are attached to the margins of the respective Tarsus ....


In linguistics

  • A rafe (or raphe) is a diacritic that was used in Hebrew to indicate a softer form of a consonant.


External links