Rajasthani literature
Encyclopedia
Rajasthani
has a vast literature written in various genres starting from 1000 AD. But, it is generally agreed that modern Rajasthani literature began with the works of Surajmal Misrana
. His most important works are the Vansa Bhaskara and the Vir Satsai. The Vans Bhaskar contains accounts of the Rajput
princes who ruled in what was then Rajputana
(at present the state of Rajasthan
), during the lifetime of the poet (1872–1952). The Vir Satsai is a collection of hundreds of couplets.
Medieval Rajasthani literature is mostly poetry only and it is more about the heroic poetry mentioning of the great kings and fighters of the Rajasthan. as said by Ravindra Nath Tagore once, "The heroic sentiment which is the essence of every song and couplet of a Rajasthani is peculiar emotion of its own of which, however, the whole country may be proud".
Early Rajasthani literature is created by mostly Jain saints. Earlier Rajasthani
was known as Maru Gurjar (or dingal), which was close to Gujarati
.
Rajasthani
Rajasthani is an adjective formed from the proper-noun Rajasthan.It can refer to:* Rajasthani people* Rajasthani language* Rajasthani architecture* Rajasthani art* Rajasthani cuisine* Rajasthani music* Rajasthani Painting...
has a vast literature written in various genres starting from 1000 AD. But, it is generally agreed that modern Rajasthani literature began with the works of Surajmal Misrana
Surajmal Misrana
Surajmal Misrana Surajmal Misrana Surajmal Misrana (also spelled Suryamal Misan (1815-1863) was a poet from Bundi, Rajasthan, India. He hailed from the Charan caste. He knew six languages and was a scholar of grammar, logic, history and politics. He wrote in Hindi, Pingal and Dingal...
. His most important works are the Vansa Bhaskara and the Vir Satsai. The Vans Bhaskar contains accounts of the Rajput
Rajput
A Rajput is a member of one of the patrilineal clans of western, central, northern India and in some parts of Pakistan. Rajputs are descendants of one of the major ruling warrior classes in the Indian subcontinent, particularly North India...
princes who ruled in what was then Rajputana
Rajputana
Rājputāna was the pre-1949 name of the present-day Indian state of Rājasthān, the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area. George Thomas was the first in 1800 A.D., to term this region as Rajputana...
(at present the state of Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rājasthān the land of Rajasthanis, , is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It is located in the northwest of India. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert , which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with...
), during the lifetime of the poet (1872–1952). The Vir Satsai is a collection of hundreds of couplets.
Medieval Rajasthani literature is mostly poetry only and it is more about the heroic poetry mentioning of the great kings and fighters of the Rajasthan. as said by Ravindra Nath Tagore once, "The heroic sentiment which is the essence of every song and couplet of a Rajasthani is peculiar emotion of its own of which, however, the whole country may be proud".
Early Rajasthani literature is created by mostly Jain saints. Earlier Rajasthani
Rajasthani language
Rajasthani Rajasthani Rajasthani (Devanagari: , Perso-Arabic: is a language of the Indo-Aryan languages family. It is spoken by 50 million people in Rajasthan and other states of India and in some areas of Pakistan. The number of speakers may be up to 80 million worldwide...
was known as Maru Gurjar (or dingal), which was close to Gujarati
Gujarati language
Gujarati is an Indo-Aryan language, and part of the greater Indo-European language family. It is derived from a language called Old Gujarati which is the ancestor language of the modern Gujarati and Rajasthani languages...
.
Modern literature
- Abdul Vaheed `Kamal'Abdul Vaheed `Kamal'-Personal life:He was born on 17 April 1936 in Narsara village of Churu district in Rajasthan. He has a MA and BED from Northwestern Jackson College. He is associated with many organizations like Lok Kala Kendra, Bikaner...
- Arjun Deo CharanArjun Deo CharanDr. Arjun Deo Charan is a renowned Rajasthani poet, critic, playwright, theatre director and translator. He is presently the Head of Department of Rajasthani Language in the Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur...
- Bavji Chatur SinghjiBavji Chatur SinghjiLok-Priya Sant-Kavi Maharaj Chatur Singhji लोक-प्रिय सन्त-कवि महाराज चतुर सिंहजी reverently known as Bavji Chatur Singhji, was born on Monday the 9th February 1880 at Karjali Haveli to Rani Krishna Kunwar and Maharaj Surat Singh of Karjali...
- Chandra Prakash DevalChandra Prakash DevalDr. Chandra Prakash Deval is a famous Rajasthani poet and translator. He is also the convener of Rajasthani Advisory Council of Sahitya Akademi.-Translations:...
- Dushyant
- Gajanan Verma (1926)
- Gordhan Singh Shekhawat (1943)
- Harish BhadaniHarish BhadaniHarish Bhadani is a renowned Rajasthani poet. He was vice-president od Janvadi Lekhak Sangh. He was editor of "Vatayan" during 1960 to 1974.-Works:His main poem collections are: Sadakvasi Ram, Tapan ki Gali, Roti Nam Satt etc....
- Ishardas Barath
- Kanhaiya Lal Dugar
- Kanhaiyalal SethiaKanhaiyalal SethiaKanhaiyalal Sethia was a well known Rajasthani and Hindi poet. He was born in Sujangarh, Churu District in the Indian state of Rajasthan. He was a passionate supporter of making Rajasthani, the mother tongue of the people of Rajasthan at the union level...
- Karnidan Charan
- Kiran Nahta
- Kripa Ram Puniya
- Krishan Vrihaspati
- Lakshmi Kumari Chundawat
- Madan Saini
- Mahender Singh Shekhawat
- Major Ratan Jangid
- Malchand TiwariMalchand TiwariMalchand Tiwari is a poet, writer and translator in Rajasthani and Hindi. He is an executive member of Sahitya Akademi . He has served for many literary institutes of national and international reputation.-Works:...
- Manohar shambhu Singh (1929)
- Manohar Sharma (1915)
- Manoj Kumar Swami
- Manuj Depawat
- Meharchand Dhamu
- Mohan Alok
- Muralidhar Vyas (1898–1983)
- Nand Bhardwaj
- Nanuram Sanskrita
- Narayan Singh BhatiNarayan Singh BhatiNarayan Singh Bhati was a prominent writer in Rajasthani language.-Works:He was the founder and director of Rajasthani Research Institute based at Chopasani Jodhpur since 1955 until 1993...
- Neeraj Daiya
- Om Purohit “Kagad”
- Pramod Kumar Sharma
- Prem Ji Prem
- Rameshwar Dayal Shrimali (1938)
- Ramniwas sharma (1931)
- Ramsawaroop Kisan
- Renwatdan Charan
- Sanwar DaiyaSanwar DaiyaSanwar Daiya was a well known Modern Rajasthani writer and translator in Rajasthani and Hindi. He received Sahitya Akademi Award 1985 on "Ek Duniya Mahari"...
(1948–1992) - Satya Narayan Soni
- Shakidan Kaviya
- Shanti Bhardwaj “Rakesh”
- Sobhagya Singh ShekhawatSobhagya Singh ShekhawatSaubhagya Singh Shekhawat is an Indian Rajasthani language writer.Though moderately educated, he is known as a high ranking scholar who has contributed to almost all the research journals of Rajasthan...
(1924) - Sumer Singh Shekhawat (1935)
- Suryamal Misran
- Swami Narottamdas (1905–1981)
- Tej Singh Jodha
- Udairaj Ujval (1885–1967)
- Upendra 'Anu'
- Vijaydan DethaVijaydan DethaVijaydan Detha also known as Bijji is a noted writer from Rajasthan and a recipient of Padma Shri award. He is also recipient of several other awards such as Sahitya Akademi Award and Sahitya Chudamani Award....
- Vinod Swami
- Yadvender Sharma “Chander”
- Zahoor Khan MeharZahoor Khan MeharProf. Zahoor Khan Mehar has written several books on the history and culture of Rajasthan.-Achievements and awards:# Rajasthani Sanskriti Ra Chitram, 1981 # Dhar Majlan Dhar Kosan, 1984...
Medieval literature
- Adho DurasoAdho DurasoAdho Duraso was a famous Rajasthani poet of medieval era. He was from the Charan family of the Indian state Rajasthan-Earli Life:...
(1538–1651): Virud Chihattari, Doha Solanki Viramdevji ra, Jhulana Rav Surtan ra, Marsiya Rav Surtan ra, Jhulana Raja Mansingh Macchvaha ra, Jhulana Ravat Megha ra, Git Raji sri Rohitasji ra, Jhulana Rav Amarsingh Gajsinghota ra, Kirta Bhavani, Mataji ra Chhand, Sri Kumar Ajjaji na Bhuchar Mori ni Gajagat - Adho Kisano II (born 1785), composed historical poems and wrote a book on Rajasthani Prosody
- Adho Opo (1752–1843), Peshwa of SirohiSirohiSirohi is a city in southern Rajasthan state in western India. It is the administrative headquarters of Sirohi District, and was formerly the capital of the princely state of the same name. Nearest railway station to Sirohi is Sirohi Road station.-Geography:...
: Dingal gitas - Balabakhsha Palhavta Barath (born 1917) a Rajasthani poet known for his poems on Ethics
- Bananath (born 1780) a Rajasthani poet of Nath tradition
- Bankidas AsiyaBankidas AsiyaBankidas Asiya was a Rajasthani poet and scholar. He was from the Charan family of the Indian state RajasthanHe born in 1771 . He has composed between 1803 to 1833...
- Bhandau Vyas (15th century): Hammirayana
- Chand BardaiChand BardaiChand Bardai was the court poet of the Indian king Prithviraj III Chauhan, who ruled Ajmer and Delhi from 1165 to 1192. A native of Lahore, Chand Bardai composed the Prithviraj Raso, an epic poem in Hindi about the life of Prithviraj...
- Chandrasakhi (1643–1733)
- CharandasCharandasCharandas is a 1977 Bollywood film directed by B.S. Thapa.-Cast:*Amitabh Bachchan ... Quwwali Singer *Dharmendra*Sunil Dutt*Manorama*Vikram*PRODUCER Kuldeep singh Walia...
(1703–1782) - DariyavjiDariyavjiDariyavji was a famous Rajasthani poet of medieval era. He was a Sadhak and saint poet and founder of the Rama Sanehi sect of the Ren branch. He is called as Dariya Sahab also....
(1676–1758) - Dayaldas Sindhayach (1798–1891): Bikaner re Rathoro ri Khyat (Dayaldas ri Khyat), Aryakhyana Kalpadruma, Desh Darpana, Panwa Vansh-Pradeep, Bikaner re Rathoro ra Geet
- Din Darvesh (Saim Dina) (born 1753), Rajasthani Saint Poet
- Duragasatta Barhat (born 1801), a Rajasthani poet known for his poems celebrating the virtue of charity
- Jadechi Prata Bala (born 1917)
- Kaviro Sogaraon Karanidanaut, composed Ratan Rupag (Ratan Jas Prakash) in 1840 to 1847
- Kripa Ram BarathKripa Ram BarathKripa Ram khiriya was a famous Rajasthani poet. He wrote the famous 'Rajia Ra Doha' on Ethics in Rajasthani during the reign of Rao Raja Devi Singh....
- Lacchiram Tavaniya, author of Karan Katha, Ram Devji Ra Chanda
- Mamcha Kavi (Manasaram) (born 1760), Rajasthani Poet who wrote a work on prosody illustrating through the story of Lord Rama
- Modsing Mahiyaria (born 1936), A Rajasthani poet of heroic themes
- Nathu Singh MahiyariaNathu singh mahiyariaKavivar Nathu Singh Mahiyaria was the only son of Thakur Kesri Singh Ji Mahiyaria. He was a poet at the court of Oodeypur Mewar. Kaviwar was very versatile and brilliant in his childhood, he use to keep a pencil and a piece of paper handy everytime so as to give shape to his thoughts into Dohas...
author of Haadi Shatak ,Jhalamaan Shatak ,Vir Satsai, - Muhnot NainsiMuhnot NainsiMuhnot Nainsi was an Indian historian who wrote many books on history of region of the present Rajasthan and Gujarat.His works include Marwar Ra Pargana Ri Vigat and Nainsi Ri Khyat. He was Dewan of Marwar in reign of Maharaja Jaswant Singh. He is called the Abul Fazl of Rajputana.-References:...
(1610–1670), Diwan of Raja Jaswant Singh of JodhpurJodhpurJodhpur , is the second largest city in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is located west from the state capital, Jaipur and from the city of Ajmer. It was formerly the seat of a princely state of the same name, the capital of the kingdom known as Marwar...
: Muhanot Nainasi ri khyata, Marawada ra Paraganan ri Vigata - Murari Ram (born 1760), Rajasthani Saint Poet of Khedapa branch
- Narharidas BarahathNarharidas BarahathNarharidas Barahath was a famous Rajasthani poet of medieval era. He was from the Charan family of the Indian state RajasthanHe was born in 1648 to Lakhaji in Indian state Rajasthan ). He was in the court of Jodhpur State king Gajsing I. He died there in about 1733.- References :*...
, Avtar Charita - Parasaramji (born 1767), a Rajasthani Saint Poet
- Purandasa (born 1771), Rajasthani Saint Poet
- Rama Karan Asopa (1857–1943), a Rajasthani Prose writer, lexicographer and historian
- Ramnarayan Dugad (born 1931), Rajasthani Historian
- Rupa Devi, author of Rukmani Magala, Ram Ras, Rupa Manjari
- Sodhi Nathi (17th century): Gudharatha, Balacharita, Bhagat Bhav ra Chandrayana, Harilila, Nlaamlila, Kans lila, Sakhiyan
- Sridhar Vyas (14th–15th century)
- SūdanSudanSudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , is a country in North Africa, sometimes considered part of the Middle East politically. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the...
- Surajanji Punia (1583–1691): Katha Gajmokh, Katha Usha puran, Ram Rasau, Katha Parsiddha, Katha Autar ki, Katha Chetan, Katha Chitawani, Dharamchari, Gyan Mahatam, Gyan Tilak, Bhogolpuran, Sakhi, Dingal Git, Ang-chetan, Dasawatar ki chhand, Asmedhji ki duha, Chand Kavita, Kavita Bhawani, Sawaiya
- SwarupadasSwarupadasSwarupadas, was a Rajasthani poet of medieval era. He was from the Charan family of the Indian state Rajasthan.He was follower of Dadu Dayal. His childhood name was Shankardan. His parents were from Umarkot . His father Misridan migrated to village Badli in Ajmer. He has been instructed by his...
(1801–1863): Pandava Yashendu Chandrika, Rasa Ratnakar, Varnartha Manjari, Vritti Bodh, Hrinayananjan, Tarka Prabandha, Drishtanta Dipika, Sadharanopadesha, Sukshimopadesha, Aviek Paddhati, Pakhand Kandan, Chijjada Bodhpatrika - Umardan Laldas (1851–1903), Rajasthani Poet, who wrote mostly on social problems
- Maharaja Prithviraj Rathore: "Veli Krishna Rukmani Ri"
- Shivachandra Bharatiya (1853–1915), a Rajasthani Novelist and dramatist, author of Kanak sundari (1903), visrant Pravasi (1904), Kesar vilas (1900), Bada Bazar (1905), Budhapa ki Sagai (1906)
- Thakur Kesari Singh BarahathKesari Singh BarahathKesari Singh Barahath was a Rajasthani poet and freedom fighter of Rajasthan. He was from the Charan family of the Indian state Rajasthan. Pratap Singh Baharat, his son, was also an Indian revolutionary.-Personal life:...
(Shahpura) (1871–1941): "Chetavani Ra Chungatya"
Works on Rajasthani literature
- Maheshwari, H.L. 1960. Rajasthani Bhasha aur Sahitya. vs 1500–1650. Calcutta: Adhunik
- Maheshwari, H.L. 1980. History of Rajasthani Literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi
- Menaria, M. 1960. Rajasthani Bhasha aur Sahitya. Allahabad: Hindi Sahitya Sammelan
- Nandhala, J. 1974. Dhundhari Lok bhasha kosh. Jaipur: Rajasthan Bhasha Prachar Sabha
- Prabhakar, M. 1976. A Critical Study of Rajasthani Literature. Jaipur: Panchsheel Prakashan
- Sakaria, B. & B. Sakaria. 1977. Rajasthani-Hindi Shabda-Kosh. Jaipur: Panchsheel Prakashan
- Smith, J.D. 1976. The Visaladevrasa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
- Vyas, Kantilal Baldevram (ed.). 1997. Kanhabade Prabhandha: Jodhpur: Rajasthan Oriental Research InstituteRajasthan Oriental Research InstituteRajasthan Oriental Research Institute is an organisation established by Government of Rajasthan to promote Rajasthani culture and heritage and to accumulate and maintain the old Rajansthani folk art work and folk literature. It was established in 1954 under guidance of Purattvacharya Muni...
(Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute Publication Series, 11) [Reprint of the 1953 edition] - Shekhawat,Saubhgya Singh.1991.Rajasthani Sahitya,Sanskriti Aur Itihas.Jaipur:The Student Book Co
- Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Rajasthani Veer Geet Sangrah Part I,Jodhpur:Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute
- Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Rajasthani Veer Geet Sangrah Part II,Jodhpur:Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute
- Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Rajasthani Veer Geet Sangrah Part III,Jodhpur:Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute
- Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Rajasthani Veer Geet Sangrah Part IV,Jodhpur:Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute
- Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Rajasthani Nibandh Sangrah,Jodhpur
- Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,1998.Veer Bhogya Vasundhara,Jaipur :SanghShakti Prakasan Pranyas
- Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh 1985,Kavirao Bankidas Aashiya Granthavali part I
- Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,1987,Kavirao Bankidas Aashiya Granthavali part II
- Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,1979,Doongarsi Ratanu Granthavali (ed.)
- Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,1974,Rajasthani Nibandh Sangrah,Jodhpur:
- Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Shekhawati Ke Veer Geet(ed.)
- Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Malani Ke Gaurav Geet (ed.)
- Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Ranrol
- Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,1972,Balvad Vilas
- Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,1977,Rajasthani Sahitya Sampada
- Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,1987,Poojan-Panv Kavisara
- Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Rajasthani Varta Part-III,Udaipur
- Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Rajasthani Varta Part-IV,Udaipur
- Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Rajasthani Varta Part-V ,Udaipur
- Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Rajasthani Varta Part-VII,Udaipur
- Shekhawat,Saubhagya Singh,Swatantrata senani Dungji Jawaharji
See also
- Rajasthani languageRajasthani languageRajasthani Rajasthani Rajasthani (Devanagari: , Perso-Arabic: is a language of the Indo-Aryan languages family. It is spoken by 50 million people in Rajasthan and other states of India and in some areas of Pakistan. The number of speakers may be up to 80 million worldwide...
- Rajasthani peopleRajasthani peopleRajasthani people are the native inhabitants of Rajasthan region of India. They form an ethnic group which is a result of assimilation of Scytho-Dravidian, Aryo-Dravidian, Indo-Aryan, Indo-Scythian, Indo-Greeks, Indo-Iranians and Austro-Asiatic ancestries...
- Rajasthani people
- List of winners of Sahitya Akademi Awards for writing in Rajasthani language
- List of Rajasthani poets