Raimon de Cornet
Encyclopedia
Raimon de Cornet (fl.
Floruit
Floruit , abbreviated fl. , is a Latin verb meaning "flourished", denoting the period of time during which something was active...

 1324–1340) was a fourteenth-century Toulousain priest
Priest
A priest is a person authorized to perform the sacred rites of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in particular, rites of sacrifice to, and propitiation of, a deity or deities...

, friar
Friar
A friar is a member of one of the mendicant orders.-Friars and monks:...

, grammarian, poet
Poet
A poet is a person who writes poetry. A poet's work can be literal, meaning that his work is derived from a specific event, or metaphorical, meaning that his work can take on many meanings and forms. Poets have existed since antiquity, in nearly all languages, and have produced works that vary...

, and troubadour
Troubadour
A troubadour was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages . Since the word "troubadour" is etymologically masculine, a female troubadour is usually called a trobairitz....

. He was a prolific author of verse; more than forty of his poems survive, most in Occitan but two in Latin. He also wrote letters, a didactic poem (sometimes classed as the last ensenhamen
Ensenhamen
An ensenhamen was an Occitan didactic poem associated with the troubadours. As a genre of Occitan literature, its limits have been open to debate since it was first defined in the 19th century...

), a grammar
Grammar
In linguistics, grammar is the set of structural rules that govern the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language. The term refers also to the study of such rules, and this field includes morphology, syntax, and phonology, often complemented by phonetics, semantics,...

, and some treatises on computation
Computation
Computation is defined as any type of calculation. Also defined as use of computer technology in Information processing.Computation is a process following a well-defined model understood and expressed in an algorithm, protocol, network topology, etc...

 (i.e. practical mathematics
Mathematics
Mathematics is the study of quantity, space, structure, and change. Mathematicians seek out patterns and formulate new conjectures. Mathematicians resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proofs, which are arguments sufficient to convince other mathematicians of their validity...

). He was the "last of the troubadours" and represented l'esprit le plus brillant (the most brilliant spirit) of the "Toulousain School"
Consistori del Gay Saber
The Consistori del Gay Saber , commonly called the Consistori de Tolosa today, was a poetic academy founded at Toulouse in 1323 to revive and perpetuate the lyric school of the troubadours.-Foundation:...

. He appears in contemporary documents with the titles En
Sir
Sir is an honorific used as a title , or as a courtesy title to address a man without using his given or family name in many English speaking cultures...

(sir, also mossen) and Fra
FRA
Fra is a variant of Friar.FRA may refer to:* Forward Rate Agreement , a financial instrument* Federal Railroad Administration, a division of the United States Department of Transportation...

re
(brother, also fray, frai, or frayre).

Raimon's magnum opus
Masterpiece
Masterpiece in modern usage refers to a creation that has been given much critical praise, especially one that is considered the greatest work of a person's career or to a work of outstanding creativity, skill or workmanship....

is his Doctrinal de trobar (doctrines of composition) composed around 1324 and dedicated to Peter IV of Aragon
Peter IV of Aragon
Peter IV, , called el Cerimoniós or el del punyalet , was the King of Aragon, King of Sardinia and Corsica , King of Valencia , and Count of Barcelona Peter IV, (Balaguer, September 5, 1319 – Barcelona, January 6, 1387), called el Cerimoniós ("the Ceremonious") or el del punyalet ("the one...

. The Doctrinal follows the grammar put forward later by the Consistori del Gay Saber
Consistori del Gay Saber
The Consistori del Gay Saber , commonly called the Consistori de Tolosa today, was a poetic academy founded at Toulouse in 1323 to revive and perpetuate the lyric school of the troubadours.-Foundation:...

 of Guilhem Molinier and it is structurally identical to Guilhem's Leys d'amor. Both works spend a good deal of space quoting illustrative passages from the greatest troubadours of the past. The Doctrinal is considered the first work of the Gay Saber tradition. In a passage praising the pleasure of poetry, Raimon lists many of the traditional genres, which he and others like him had helped to define:
Dont tug que may tot jorn prendo plazer. . .
Verses, chansos, siruentes, pastorelas,
Dansas, descortz, redondels, viandelas,
Am bel so gay, melodios, plazen,
Balan, trescan o lors obran fazen;
E motas vetz, per fugir ad enueg,
Per los jorns loncz, o can fa longa nueg,
Legen dictatz, gestas o bels romans.
From which a great number of people always take pleasure. . .
verses, chansos, sirventes
Sirventes
The sirventes or serventes is a genre of Occitan lyric poetry used by the troubadours. In early Catalan it became a sirventesch and was imported into that language in the fourteenth century, where it developed into a unique didactic/moralistic type...

, pastorela
Pastorela
The pastorela was an Occitan lyric genre used by the troubadours. It gave rise to the Old French pastourelle. The central topic was always meeting of a knight with a shepherdess, which may lead to any of a number of possible conclusions. They are usually humorous pieces...

s,
dansa
Dansa
A dansa was an Occitan form of lyric poetry developed in the late thirteenth century among the troubadours. It is related to the English term "dance" and was often accompanied by dancing. A closely related form, the balada or balaresc, had a more complex structure, and is related to the ballade...

s, descort
Descort
The descort is a subgenre of Occitan lyric poetry used by the troubadours. It is a song heavily discordant in verse form and/or feeling and often used to express disagreement. It was invented by Garin d'Apchier when he wrote Quan foill'e flors reverdezis...

z, redondels, viandelas,
with pretty tunes, gay, melodious, and pleasurable,
as they dance and leap around or do their work;
and, frequently, to raise their spirits
on long days, or when the nights are long,
they read verses, tales or romances.


Raimon strongly supported the Crusaders
Crusaders
The Crusaders are a New Zealand professional rugby union team based in Christchurch that competes in the Super Rugby competition. They are the most successful team in Super Rugby history with seven titles...

 and bitterly opposed the clergy
Anti-clericalism
Anti-clericalism is a historical movement that opposes religious institutional power and influence, real or alleged, in all aspects of public and political life, and the involvement of religion in the everyday life of the citizen...

, Avignon Papacy
Avignon Papacy
The Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven Popes resided in Avignon, in modern-day France. This arose from the conflict between the Papacy and the French crown....

, and eventually Philip VI of France
Philip VI of France
Philip VI , known as the Fortunate and of Valois, was the King of France from 1328 to his death. He was also Count of Anjou, Maine, and Valois from 1325 to 1328...

. He wrote two "Crusade songs". The earlier one was composed in 1332, when Philip VI announced his intention of going on Crusade in July. Raimon suggests that the king should impose a tax on those men who do not join the Crusade, and in any case those who remain in France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...

 should pray two or three times daily for those who do go to the Holy Land
Holy Land
The Holy Land is a term which in Judaism refers to the Kingdom of Israel as defined in the Tanakh. For Jews, the Land's identifiction of being Holy is defined in Judaism by its differentiation from other lands by virtue of the practice of Judaism often possible only in the Land of Israel...

. He notes that missionaries will inevitably accompany the host and attempt to convert the "Saracens". The second song, composed in 1336, is an attack on Philip for not completing his promised Crusade.

Raimon's poem Quar mot orne fan vers contains the earliest reference to basse danse
Basse danse
The basse danse, or "low dance", was the most popular court dance in the 15th and early 16th centuries, especially at the Burgundian court, often in a combination of 6/4 and 3/2 time allowing for use of hemiola...

. In describing the profession of the jongleurs he notes that they rapidly pick up the bassas dansas. This reference predates any other by a century.

Eighteen of Raimon's lyric poems are preserved in the final, unfinished folios of the Cançoner Gil
Cançoner Gil
The Cançoner Gil is an Occitan chansonnier produced in Catalonia in the middle of the 14th century. In the systematic nomenclature of Occitanists, it is typically named MS Sg, but as Z in the reassignment of letter names by François Zufferey. It is numbered MS 146 in the Biblioteca de Catalunya in...

, known as troubadour MS
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...

 Sg or Z, now MS 146 in the Biblioteca de Catalunya in Barcelona
Barcelona
Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...

. In 1341, possibly in Raimon's lifetime, the Catalan
Catalan people
The Catalans or Catalonians are the people from, or with origins in, Catalonia that form a historical nationality in Spain. The inhabitants of the adjacent portion of southern France are sometimes included in this definition...

 poet Joan de Castellnou
Joan de Castellnou
Joan de Castellnou was a troubadour of the Consistori del Gay Saber active in Toulouse. He left behind five or six cansos, three vers, a dansa, a conselh, and a sirventes...

 wrote a Glosari al Doctrinal de Ramon de Cornet, a gloss
Gloss
A gloss is a brief notation of the meaning of a word or wording in a text. It may be in the language of the text, or in the reader's language if that is different....

 on the Doctrinal.

Works in the Cançoner Gil

Canços
  • "Al mes d'abril can veyrez nutg los camps"
  • "Le mieus saber ioy deziran se pert"
  • "Ara·s fos hieu si malautz e cotxatz"
  • "Intrar vuyll en guerrejar si puch tan"
  • "Cars motz gentils fons e grans mars d'apteza"
  • "Cent castels e cent tors"
  • "En aycel tems com no sen fretg ni cauma" (titled "Saumesca")
  • "Amors corals me fay deios un cas" (called a canso)

Sirventes
Sirventes
The sirventes or serventes is a genre of Occitan lyric poetry used by the troubadours. In early Catalan it became a sirventesch and was imported into that language in the fourteenth century, where it developed into a unique didactic/moralistic type...

  • "Jus en la font de cobeytat se bayna"
  • "Totz temps azir falsetatz ez engan"
  • "Qui dels escachs vol belamen iogar" (com deu hom jogar als escachs)

Vers ("truth" poems)
  • "Car vey lo mon de mal pugat al cim"
  • "Pauc homes vey de sen tan freyturos"
  • "Raso ni sens no pot vezer lo moble"
  • "Ben es vilas e mals e rustichs"
  • "Ab tot mon sen d'amors si pusch faray"

Tenço
  • "Pres mes talens d'un pech partimen far" with Arnau Alaman, donzel d'Albi

Unclassified
  • "A Sent Marcel d'Albeges, prop de Salaç"

External links

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