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Régence
 
 
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The Régence is the period in French history
History of France

The History of France has been divided into a series of separate historical articles navigable through the list to the right. The chronological era articles address broad French historical, cultural and sociological developments....
 between 1715 and 1723, when King Louis XV
Louis XV of France

Louis XV ruled as List of French monarchs and of List of Navarrese monarchs from 1 September 1715 until his death on 10 May 1774. Coming to the throne at the age of five, Louis reigned until 15 February 1723, the date of his thirteenth birthday, with the aid of the R?gence, Philippe II, Duke of Orl?ans, his Cousin, thereafter taking formal p...
 was a minor
Minor (law)

In law, the term minor is used to refer to a person who is under the age in which one legally assumes adulthood and is legally granted rights afforded to adults in society....
 and the land was governed by a regent
Regent

A regent, from the Latin regens "reigning", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present or debilitated....
, Philippe d'Orléans, the nephew of Louis XIV
Louis XIV of France

Louis XIV ruled as List of French monarchs and of King of Navarre. He ascended the throne a few months before his fifth birthday, but did not assume actual personal control of the government until the death of his prime minister , the Italians Jules Cardinal Mazarin, in 1661....
.

Régence marks the temporary eclipse of Versailles
Versailles

Versailles , formerly de facto capital of the kingdom of France, is now a wealthy suburb of Paris and is still an important administrative and judicial centre....
 as centre of policymaking, since the Regent's court was at the Palais Royal
Palais Royal

The Palais-Royal, originally called the Palais-Cardinal, is a palace and garden located near the 1st arrondissement of Paris. Opposite the north wing of the Louvre, its famous forecourt screened with columns faces the place du Palais-Royal, which was much enlarged by Baron Haussmann after the rue de Rivoli was built for Napoleon...
 in Paris
Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
. It marks the rise of Parisian salon
Salon (gathering)

A salon is a gathering of stimulating people of quality under the roof of an inspiring hostess or host, partly to amuse one another and partly to refine their taste and increase their knowledge through conversation and readings, often consciously following Horace definition of the aims of poetry, "either to please or to educate" ....
s as cultural centers, as literary meeting places and nuclei of discreet liberal resistance to some official policies.






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The Régence is the period in French history
History of France

The History of France has been divided into a series of separate historical articles navigable through the list to the right. The chronological era articles address broad French historical, cultural and sociological developments....
 between 1715 and 1723, when King Louis XV
Louis XV of France

Louis XV ruled as List of French monarchs and of List of Navarrese monarchs from 1 September 1715 until his death on 10 May 1774. Coming to the throne at the age of five, Louis reigned until 15 February 1723, the date of his thirteenth birthday, with the aid of the R?gence, Philippe II, Duke of Orl?ans, his Cousin, thereafter taking formal p...
 was a minor
Minor (law)

In law, the term minor is used to refer to a person who is under the age in which one legally assumes adulthood and is legally granted rights afforded to adults in society....
 and the land was governed by a regent
Regent

A regent, from the Latin regens "reigning", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present or debilitated....
, Philippe d'Orléans, the nephew of Louis XIV
Louis XIV of France

Louis XIV ruled as List of French monarchs and of King of Navarre. He ascended the throne a few months before his fifth birthday, but did not assume actual personal control of the government until the death of his prime minister , the Italians Jules Cardinal Mazarin, in 1661....
.

Politics and culture

The Régence marks the temporary eclipse of Versailles
Versailles

Versailles , formerly de facto capital of the kingdom of France, is now a wealthy suburb of Paris and is still an important administrative and judicial centre....
 as centre of policymaking, since the Regent's court was at the Palais Royal
Palais Royal

The Palais-Royal, originally called the Palais-Cardinal, is a palace and garden located near the 1st arrondissement of Paris. Opposite the north wing of the Louvre, its famous forecourt screened with columns faces the place du Palais-Royal, which was much enlarged by Baron Haussmann after the rue de Rivoli was built for Napoleon...
 in Paris
Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
. It marks the rise of Parisian salon
Salon (gathering)

A salon is a gathering of stimulating people of quality under the roof of an inspiring hostess or host, partly to amuse one another and partly to refine their taste and increase their knowledge through conversation and readings, often consciously following Horace definition of the aims of poetry, "either to please or to educate" ....
s as cultural centers, as literary meeting places and nuclei of discreet liberal resistance to some official policies. In the Paris salons aristocrats mingled more easily with the higher bourgeoisie
Bourgeoisie

Bourgeoisie is a classification used in analyzing human societies to describe a social class of people. Historically, the bourgeoisie comes from the middle or merchant classes of the Middle Ages, whose status or power came from employment, education, and wealth, as distinguished from those whose power came from being born into an aristocrati...
 in a new atmosphere of relaxed decorum, comfort and intimacy.

Art history

In the arts, the style of the Régence is marked by early Rococo
Rococo

Rococo is a style of 18th century French art and interior design. Rococo rooms were designed as total works of art with elegant and ornate furniture, small sculptures, ornamental mirrors, and tapestry complementing architecture, reliefs, and wall paintings....
, characterized by the paintings of Antoine Watteau
Antoine Watteau

Jean-Antoine Watteau was a France Painting whose brief career spurred the revival of interest in colour and movement , and revitalized the waning Baroque idiom, which eventually became known as Rococo....
 (1684-1721).

Colonialism

Régence is also the customary French word for the pre-independence regimes in the western North African countries, the so-called Barbary Coast
Barbary Coast

The Barbary Coast, or Barbary, was the term used by European ethnic groupss from the 16th until the 19th century to refer to the middle and western coastal regions of North Africa?what is now Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya....
. It was applied to:
  • First the Barbary Coast (Maghrebinian countries in North Africa) was de facto independent (dominated by military governors, soon de facto princes, styled dey
    Dey

    Dey was the title given to the rulers of the Regency of Algiers and Tunis under the Ottoman Empire from 1671 onwards. Twenty-nine deys held office from the establishment of the deylicate until the French conquest in 1830....
    , bey
    Bey

    Bey is a Turkish language title for "chieftain," traditionally applied to the leaders of small tribal groups. In historical accounts, many Turkey, other Turkic peoples and Iran leaders are titled Baig....
     or beylerbey
    Beylerbey

    Beylerbey The rank was used initially for very large parts of the empire ? all of Anatolia and Rumelia ? but in later centuries the title was devaluated by extending it to the governors of various much smaller Ottoman eyalets....
    , and by the raïs
    Rais

    Rais is a title used for Sardar of tribes in Balochistan , Sind and some parts of Punjab , Pakistan. It is an Urdu word for a Rana , or Lord . Also it is the word translated as "president" in Arabic....
    , Muslim corsair
    Corsair

    Corsairs were French privateers from the north-western French port of Saint-Malo, located on the northern coast of Brittany. Since the corsairs gained a swashbuckling reputation, the word corsair is also used generically as a more romantic or flamboyant version of the word privateer, or even of the word pirate....
    s), but nominally an Ottoman
    Ottoman Empire

    The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
     province.
  • Later the beylik of Tunis (present Tunisia) and the Sherifian sultanate of Morocco (except for the Spanish-dominated part) came under a specific, protectorate
    Protectorate

    A protectorate, in international law, is an autonomous territory that is protected diplomatically or militarily against third parties by a stronger state or entity, in exchange for which the protectorate usually accepts specified obligations, which may vary greatly, depending on the real nature of their relationship....
    -type of colonial regime that France established over each.


Sources and references