RÃ¢mnicu VÃ¢lcea

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RÃ¢mnicu VÃ¢lcea

Râmnicu Vâlcea (also spelled Rîmnicu Vîlcea, pronunciation in Romanian

Romanian language

Romanian or Daco-Romanian ; self-designation: limba rom?na, ) is a Romance languages spoken by around 24 to 28 million people, primarily in Romania and Moldova....
: ) (population: 107,726) is the capital city of Vâlcea County

Vâlcea County

V?lcea is a county of Romania, in the Historical regions of Romania of Oltenia and Muntenia . Its capital city is R?mnicu V?lcea....
, Romania

Romania

Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian Mountains, bordering on the Black Sea....
(in the historical province of Oltenia

Oltenia

Oltenia is a historical province and geographical region of Romania, in western Wallachia. It is situated between the Danube, the Southern Carpathians and the Olt River river ....
).

icu Vâlcea is situated in the central-south area of Romania. Set at the foothills of the Southern Carpathians

Southern Carpathians

The Southern Carpathians , also called the Transylvanian Alps, are a group of mountain ranges which divide central and southern Romania, on one side, and Serbia, on the other side....
, the city is located at about 12 km from the Capatânii Mountains, 17 km from the Cozia Mountains and about 40 km from the Fagaras

Fagaras Mountains

Fagaras Mountains are the highest mountains of the Southern Carpathians, in Romania. The highest peaks are Moldoveanu Peak , Negoiu , Vistea Mare , Lespezi , V?natoarea lui Buteanu , and Dara ....
and Lotrului Mountains.

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Encyclopedia

Râmnicu Vâlcea (also spelled Rîmnicu Vîlcea, pronunciation in Romanian

Romanian language

Vâlcea County

V?lcea is a county of Romania, in the Historical regions of Romania of Oltenia and Muntenia . Its capital city is R?mnicu V?lcea....
, Romania

Romania

Oltenia

Oltenia is a historical province and geographical region of Romania, in western Wallachia. It is situated between the Danube, the Southern Carpathians and the Olt River river ....
).

Geography and climate

Râmnicu Vâlcea is situated in the central-south area of Romania. Set at the foothills of the Southern Carpathians

Southern Carpathians

Fagaras Mountains

Olt River

The Olt River is a river in Romania. It is the longest river flowing exclusively through Romania. Its source is in the Hasmas Mountains of the eastern Carpathian Mountains, near the village Balan....
crosses the town of Râmnicu Vâlcea as well as the E81 road of European interest and one of the main national railway routes.

The climate of Râmnicu Vâlcea is temperate-continental with average temperatures of 10 to 11°C. The multi-annual average of rainfall is around 700 to 800 l/mp, and there are about 90 to 100 days of hard frost annually.

History

The area has been inhabited since Dacia

Dacia

In ancient geography, Dacia was the land of the Dacians. It was named by the ancient Greeks "Getae". Dacia was a large district of East-Central Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathian Mountains, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisia or Tisza, on the east by the Tyras or Dniester, now in eastern Moldova....
n and Roman

Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
times, and was the site of a castrum

Castra

The Latin language word castra, with its singular castrum, was used by the ancient Romans to mean buildings or plots of land reserved to or constructed for use as a military defensive position....
. A new fortress was built on the location during the Middle Ages

Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
. Râmnicu Vâlcea was first attested during the rule of Prince

List of rulers of Wallachia

This is a List of rulers of Wallachia, from the first mention of a medieval polity situated between the Southern Carpathians and the Danube until the union with Moldavia in 1862, leading to the creation of Romania....
Mircea cel Batrân, as "the princely town of Râmnic" (September 4, 1388), and confirmed as the seat of a Vâlcea County during the same period (January 8, 1392).

The town seal dates to 1505. Cetatuia, the actual fortress, served as the residence of Oltenian Bans

Ban (title)

Ban is a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century....
and, from 1504, of Orthodox

Romanian Orthodox Church

The Romanian Orthodox Church is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodoxy church. It is in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox churches, and is ranked Eastern Orthodox Church organization in order of precedence....
bishop

Bishop

A bishop is an ordination or consecration member of the Clergy#Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight....
s; in 1543, Prince Radu de la Afumati was killed in Cetatuia by a boyar

Boyar

A boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the Feudalism Moscovy, Kievan Rusian, Bulgarian, Wallachian, and Moldavian Aristocracy, second only to the ruling knyazs , from the 10th century through the 17th century....
conspiracy.

During the rules of Matei Basarab

Matei Basarab

Matei Basarab was a Wallachian Voivode between 1632 and 1654....
and Constantin Brâncoveanu

Constantin Brâncoveanu

Constantin Br?ncoveanu was List of Wallachian rulers of Wallachia between 1689 and 1714....
, it became an important cultural center. It was here where the first paper mill

Paper mill

A paper mill is a factory devoted to making paper from Wood_pulp and other ingredients using a Fourdrinier Machine or similar apparatus. It is a common misconception that paper mills are sources of odors....
and printing press

Printing press

A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a medium , thereby transferring an image. The mechanical systems involved were first assembled in Germany by the goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg around 1439, based on existing screw-presses used to press cloth, grapes etc., and possibly to print wood...
in Romania were built (see Anthim the Iberian
Anthim the Iberian

Anthim the Iberian was one of the greatest ecclesiastic figures of Wallachia , a noted Eastern Orthodox Church Theology and Philosophy, founder of the first printing press in Romania, and Metropolitan of Hungro-Wallachia of Bucharest in 1708-1715....
). The city was heavily damaged during the Habsburg

Habsburg Monarchy

The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austria branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918....
takeover of Oltenia between 1718 and 1739, and its purpose was again reduced to that of a fortress.

During the Wallachian Revolution, on July 29, 1848, Desteapta-te, române!
Desteapta-te, române!

is Romania's national anthem.The lyrics were composed by Andrei Muresanu and the music was popular . It was written and published during the The Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas, initially with the name "Un rasunet" ....
(the current national anthem

National anthem

A national anthem is a generally patriotism musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a nation's government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people....
of Romania), with lyrics written by Andrei Muresanu

Andrei Muresanu

Andrei Muresianu was a Romanian poet and revolutionary of Transylvania .Born to a family of peasants, he studied philosophy and theology in Blaj....
and music probably composed by Anton Pann

Anton Pann

Anton Pann , was an Ottoman Empire-born Wallachian composer, musicologist, and Romanian language poet, also noted for his activities as a printer, translator, and schoolteacher....
(whose memorial house lies in the center of the town), was sung for the first time in Râmnicu Vâlcea. Gheorghe Magheru

Gheorghe Magheru

General Gheorghe Magheru was a Romanians revolutionary and soldier from Wallachia, and political ally of Nicolae Balcescu....
gathered his military force in Râureni, now part of the city, in an attempt to face the anti-revolutionary forces of Imperial Russia and the Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
.

In the 1980s, the city was completely rebuilt in a style combining Socialist realism

Socialist realism

Socialist realism is a Teleology-oriented style of realism which has as its purpose the furtherance of the goals of socialism and communism. Although related, it should not be confused with social realism, a type of art that realistically depicts subjects of social concern....
with local vernacular architecture

Architecture

The term architecture can refer to a process, a profession or documentation.As a process, architecture is the activity of designing and construction buildings and other physical structures by a person or a computer, primarily to provide shelter....
.

Politics

The mayor of Ramnicu Valcea is Mircia Gutau, former Democratic Party

Democratic Party (Romania)

The Democratic Party was a centre-right party of Romania. In January 2008, it merged with the Liberal Democratic Party to form the Democratic Liberal Party ....
candidate, now independent, and two vicemayors, Dicu Nicolae, also independent, and Monceanu Constantin, from National Liberal Party

National Liberal Party (Romania)

The Partidul National Liberal is a liberal parties in Romania, the third largest party in parliament, being outrunned by the Democratic Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party of Romania....
. The Râmnicu Vâlcea Municipal Council, elected in the June 2004 local government elections, is made up of 23 councillors, with the following party composition:

	Party	Seats	Current Council
	National Liberal Party National Liberal Party (Romania) The Partidul National Liberal is a liberal parties in Romania, the third largest party in parliament, being outrunned by the Democratic Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party of Romania....	8
	Democratic Party Democratic Party (Romania) The Democratic Party was a centre-right party of Romania. In January 2008, it merged with the Liberal Democratic Party to form the Democratic Liberal Party ....	8
	Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party (Romania) The Social Democratic Party is a major political party of Romania. It can be loosely classified as a center-left party, although the right-left division in Romania is quite blurred....	5
	Greater Romania Party	2

Solar eclipse of August 11, 1999

Râmnicu Vâlcea was the center and pick point of the path of total darkness of the 1999 Solar Eclipse at noon of August 11.

Natives

Eugen Angelescu
Mircea Angelescu
Ion Emanuel Florescu
Ion Emanuel Florescu

Ion Emanuel Florescu was a Romanian army general who served as Prime Minister of Romania for a short time in a provisional government in 1876 and then in 1891 ....
Victoras Iacob
Victoras Iacob

Victoras Constantin Iacob is a Romanian professional football Player ....
Gabriel Liiceanu
Gabriel Liiceanu

Gabriel Liiceanu is a Romanian philosopher.He graduated from University of Bucharest's Faculty of Philosophy in 1965, and from Faculty of Classical Languages in 1973....
Nicolae Manolescu
Nicolae Manolescu

Nicolae Manolescu is a Romanian Literary criticism. As an editor of Rom?nia Literara literary magazine, he has reached a record in reviewing books for almost 30 years....
Marian-Jean Marinescu
Marian-Jean Marinescu

Marian-Jean Marinescu is a Romanian politician and member of the Democratic Party , part of the European People's Party?European Democrats. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies of Romania for Dolj County, he became a Member of the European Parliament on January 1, 2007, with the accession of Romania to the European Union....
Alexandru Papadopol
Alexandru Papadopol

Alexandru Papadopol in R?mnicu V?lcea, is a Romanian actor.At the beginning of the year 2000 he appeared in the films Marfa si banii and Occident, after which he appeared in a series of television productions....
Dem Radulescu
Dem Radulescu

Dem Radulescu was a Romanian theatre, film and television actor and academic. He was also a professor at the Universitatea Nationala de Arta Teatrala si Cinematografica ? I.L....