Quadruple Alliance

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1. The Quadruple Alliance of August 1673 was an alliance between the Holy Roman Empire
   Holy Roman Empire
   
   The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
   , the Kingdom of Spain
   Spain
   
   Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
   , Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine
   Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine
   
   File:Charles IV de Lorraine.JPGCharles IV was Duke of Lorraine from 1624 to 1634, when he abdicated under French pressure in favor of his younger brother, and again from 1661 until 1675....
   , and the United Provinces
   Dutch Republic
   
   The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands was a European republic between 1581 and 1795, in about the same location as the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands, which is the successor state....
    of the Netherlands, in the context of the Franco-Dutch War
   Franco-Dutch War
   
   The Franco-Dutch War, often called simply the Dutch War was a war fought by the France, the Swedish Empire, the Bishopric of M?nster, the Archbishopric of Cologne and the Kingdom of England against the Dutch Republic, which was later joined by Holy Roman Emperor, Brandenburg and Spain to form a Quadruple Alliance....
   . It is often incorrectly assumed the fourth partner was not the Duke of Lorraine but the Electorate of Brandenburg
   Brandenburg
   
   Brandenburg is one of the sixteen states of Germany of Germany. It lies in the east of the country and is one of the new federal states that were re-created in 1990 upon the reunification of the former West Germany and East Germany....
   , which indeed joined the alliance, but only in July 1674.
2. The Quadruple Alliance of 1718 was an alliance between Austria
   Austria
   
   Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
   , France
   France
   
   France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
   , the Dutch Republic
   Dutch Republic
   
   The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands was a European republic between 1581 and 1795, in about the same location as the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands, which is the successor state....
    and Great Britain
   Kingdom of Great Britain
   
   The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a country in North-West Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1801....
    - aimed at revising (principally at Spain
   Spain
   
   Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
   's expense) the treaties
   Treaty
   
   A Treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely states and international organizations. A Treaty may also be known as: agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, exchange of letters, etc....
    which ended the War of the Spanish Succession
   War of the Spanish Succession
   
   War of the Spanish Succession was a war fought in 1701-1714, in which several European powers combined to stop a possible unification of the Kingdoms of Spain and France under a single Bourbon monarch, upsetting the European Balance of power in international relations....
   . See: War of the Quadruple Alliance
   War of the Quadruple Alliance
   
   The War of the Quadruple Alliance was a result of the ambitions of King Philip V of Spain, his wife, Isabella Farnese, and his chief minister Giulio Alberoni to retake territories in Italy and to claim the French throne....
   .
3. The Quadruple Alliance of 1745 was formed between the United Kingdom
   Kingdom of Great Britain
   
   The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a country in North-West Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1801....
   , the Dutch Republic
   Dutch Republic
   
   The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands was a European republic between 1581 and 1795, in about the same location as the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands, which is the successor state....
   , Saxony
   Saxony
   
   The Free State of Saxony is a States of Germany of Germany. Located in the southeastern part of present-day Germany. It is the tenth-largest German state in area and the sixth largest in population , of Germany's sixteen states....
    and Austria
   Austria
   
   Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
    in the later stages of the War of the Austrian Succession
   War of the Austrian Succession
   
   The War of the Austrian Succession involved nearly all the Power in international relations of Europe. The war began under the pretext that Maria Theresa of Austria was ineligible to succeed to the House of Habsburg throne, because Salic law precluded royal inheritance by a woman, though in reality this was a convenient excuse put forward by...
   .
4. The Quadruple Alliance of March 1813 (renewed on November 20, 1815); between the United Kingdom
   United Kingdom
   
   The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
   , Austria
   Austria
   
   Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
   , Prussia
   Prussia
   
   Prussia was, most recently, a historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. This state had for centuries substantial influence on Germany and European history....
   , and Russia
   Russia
   
   Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
   , aimed at upholding the settlement following the Napoleonic Wars
   Napoleonic Wars
   
   The Napoleonic Wars were a series of conflicts involving Napoleon I of France First French Empire and changing sets of European allies and opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815....
   : with France's admission in 1818, it became the Quintuple Alliance
   Quintuple Alliance
   
   The Quintuple Alliance came into being at the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1818, when France joined the Quadruple Alliance created by Russia, Austria, Prussia and Great Britain....
   , though British government distaste for the other allies' reactionary policies meant that it lapsed into ineffectiveness after the mid-1820s.
5. The Quadruple Alliance of April 1834 was formed by the United Kingdom
   United Kingdom
   
   The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
   , France
   France
   
   France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
   , Spain
   Spain
   
   Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
   , and Portugal
   Portugal
   
   Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic , is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Located in southwestern Europe, Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east....
    to support queen Isabella II of Spain
   Isabella II of Spain
   
   Isabella II was List of Spanish monarchs She was Spain's first and so far only queen regnant, although she is sometimes considered the third Queen Regnant of Spain, as previous monarchs of Leon and Castile were counted as kings and queens of Spain....
    against her uncle Don Carlos, Count of Molina
   Infante Carlos, Count of Molina
   
   The Infante Carlos of Spain was the second surviving son of King Charles IV of Spain and of his wife, Maria Luisa of Parma. As Carlos V he was the first of the Carlism claimants to the throne of Spain....
   , who claimed the Spanish throne under the succession law of 1714-1830, and queen Maria II of Portugal
   Maria II of Portugal
   
   Maria II was Queen of Portugal from 1826 to 1853. She was the second Queen regnant of Portugal and the Algarve, and the 29th or 30th List of Portuguese monarchs....
    (represented by her father Pedro, 18th Duke of Braganza, former Emperor of Brazil and King of Portugal) against her uncle Miguel of Portugal
   Miguel of Portugal
   
   Miguel I was the 30th Kings of Portugal of Portugal and the Algarves between 1828 and 1834, during the Portuguese civil war....
   , who proclaimed himself absolute king before the Portuguese Liberal War
   Liberal Wars
   
   The Liberal Wars, also known as the Portuguese Civil War, the War of the Two Brothers, or Miguelite War, was a war between progressive constitutionalists and authoritarian absolutists in Portugal over royal succession that lasted from 1828 to 1834....
   .
6. "Quadruple Alliance" was also used as an alternative term for the Central Powers
   Central Powers
   
   The Central Powers was one of the two sides that participated in World War I, the other being the Allies of World War I....
    of World War I
   World War I
   
   World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
   , it consisting of Germany
   Germany
   
   Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
   , Austria-Hungary
   Austria-Hungary
   
   Austria-Hungary, also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Kaiserlich und k?niglich Monarchy was a state in Central Europe ruled by the House of Habsburg, constitutionally a personal union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary....
   , the Ottoman Empire
   Ottoman Empire
   
   The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
    and Bulgaria
   Bulgaria
   
   The state of Bulgaria , Scientific transliteration Balgarija, officially the Republic of Bulgaria has played a significant role in the Balkans in south-eastern Europe for over fourteen centuries....
   .

See also

• Sixth Coalition