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Quadrangle (architecture)
 
 
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In architecture
Architecture

The term architecture can refer to a process, a profession or documentation.As a process, architecture is the activity of designing and construction buildings and other physical structures by a person or a computer, primarily to provide shelter....
, a quadrangle is a space or courtyard, usually rectangular (square or oblong) in plan, the sides of which are entirely or mainly occupied by parts of a large building. The word is probably most closely associated with college
College

File:Government college for Women Dhoke Kala Khan.JPGCollege is a term most often used today to denote an education institution. More broadly, it can be the name of any group of collegialitys, for example, an electoral college, a College of Arms or the College of Cardinals....
 or university
University

A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects. A university provides both undergraduate education and postgraduate education....
 campus
Campus

A campus is traditionally the land on which a college or university and related institutional buildings are situated. Usually a campus includes library, lecture halls, residence halls and park-like settings....
 architecture, but quadrangles may be found in other buildings such as palace
Palace

A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop....
s.






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University of Sydney Main Quadrangle
In architecture
Architecture

The term architecture can refer to a process, a profession or documentation.As a process, architecture is the activity of designing and construction buildings and other physical structures by a person or a computer, primarily to provide shelter....
, a quadrangle is a space or courtyard, usually rectangular (square or oblong) in plan, the sides of which are entirely or mainly occupied by parts of a large building. The word is probably most closely associated with college
College

File:Government college for Women Dhoke Kala Khan.JPGCollege is a term most often used today to denote an education institution. More broadly, it can be the name of any group of collegialitys, for example, an electoral college, a College of Arms or the College of Cardinals....
 or university
University

A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects. A university provides both undergraduate education and postgraduate education....
 campus
Campus

A campus is traditionally the land on which a college or university and related institutional buildings are situated. Usually a campus includes library, lecture halls, residence halls and park-like settings....
 architecture, but quadrangles may be found in other buildings such as palace
Palace

A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop....
s. Most quadrangles are open air, while a few have been glazed over often to provide additional space for social meeting areas or coffee shops for students.

The word "quadrangle" was originally synonymous with "quadrilateral
Quadrilateral

In geometry, a quadrilateral is a polygon with four 'sides' or edges and four vertices or corners. Sometimes, the term quadrangle is used, for analogy with triangle, and sometimes tetragon for consistency with pentagon , hexagon and so on....
", but this usage is now relatively uncommon.

Some modern quadrangles resemble cloister
Cloister

A cloister is a covered walk with an open colonnade on one side, running along the walls of buildings that face a quadrangle or garth. The attachment of a cloister to a cathedral or church usually indicates that it is part of a monastic foundation....
 gardens of medieval monasteries
Abbey

An abbey , is a Christianity monastery or convent, under the government of an Abbot or an Abbess, who serves as the spiritual father or mother of the community....
, called garths, which were usually square or rectangular, enclosed by covered arcades
Arcade (architecture)

An arcade is a passage or walkway covered over by a succession of arches or Vault supported by columns. In a Gothic architecture cathedral the arcade is the lowest part of the wall of the nave, supporting the triforium and the clerestory....
 or cloister
Cloister

A cloister is a covered walk with an open colonnade on one side, running along the walls of buildings that face a quadrangle or garth. The attachment of a cloister to a cathedral or church usually indicates that it is part of a monastic foundation....
s. However, it is clear from the oldest examples (such as Mob Quad
Mob Quad

Mob Quad is a four-sided group of buildings in Merton College, Oxford surrounding a small lawn. It is often claimed to be the oldest quadrangle in Oxford, but Merton's own Front Quad was certainly enclosed earlier and the same form was probably developed independently elsewhere....
) which are plain and unadorned with arcades, that the medieval colleges in Oxford and Cambridge were creating practical accommodation for college members. Grander quadrangles that look like cloisters came later, once the idea of a college was well established and benefactors or founders wished to create more monumental buildings.

Mob Quad From Chapel Tower
In America, Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States , the principal author of the United States Declaration of Independence , and one of the most influential Founding Fathers of the United States for his promotion of the ideals of republicanism in the United States....
's design for the University of Virginia
University of Virginia

The University of Virginia is a public university research university located in Charlottesville, Virginia, founded by Thomas Jefferson. Conceived by 1800 and established in 1819, it is the only university in the United States to be designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, an honor it shares with nearby Monticello....
 centered the housing and academic buildings in a Palladian form around three sides the Lawn
The Lawn

The Lawn is a large, terraced grassy court at the historic center of Jefferson's academic community at the University of Virginia. The design shows Jefferson's mastery of Palladian architecture, and can be compared to some of Palladio's designs, eg the Villa Trissino....
, a huge grassy expanse. Later, some American college and university planners imitated the Jeffersonian plan, the Oxbridge
Oxbridge

Oxbridge was originally a fictional composite of the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge in England, and the term is now used to refer to them collectively, often with implications of superior intellectual or social status, emphasising the apparent "difficulty" of gaining admission....
 idea, Beaux-Arts
Beaux-Arts architecture

Beaux-Arts architecture denotes the academic Neoclassical architecture architectural style that was taught at the ?cole des Beaux-Arts in Paris....
 forms, and other models. The University of Chicago
University of Chicago

The University of Chicago is a private university located principally in the Hyde Park, Chicago neighborhood of Chicago. Although an older university by the same name existed prior to its founding, the modern University of Chicago credits its founding to the oil magnate John D....
's Gothic campus is also notable for its innovative use of quadrangles.

Notable quadrangles

Stanfordquad
*Reading School
Reading School

Reading School is a grammar school in the town of Reading, Berkshire, Berkshire, England. It is a single-sex school boys' school, which selects incoming students on the basis of examined ability, usually at age 11, with a few entrants at age 13 and 16....
, Berkshire.
  • Blue Boar Quadrangle
    Blue Boar Quadrangle

    A quadrangle of Christ Church, Oxford, designed by Hidalgo Moya and Philip Powell , and built between 1965 and 1968, Blue Boar Quadrangle has been described as "One of the best buildings of its kind during the expansion of higher education." by Andrew McIntosh, Baron McIntosh of Haringey, Minister for Department of Culture, Media and Sport....
  • David R. Francis Quadrangle
    David R. Francis Quadrangle

    David R. Francis Quadrangle is the historical center of University of Missouri?Columbia. It is named after Missouri governor David R. Francis, and is often simply called "The Quad." Within the quad are two of the most recognizable symbols of the school, Jesse Hall and The Columns ....
  • Memorial Quadrangle
    Memorial Quadrangle

    The Memorial Quadrangle at Yale University was donated by Anna M. Harkness with Harkness Tower named in memory of her son, Charles W. Harkness, Yale Class of 1883....
  • Mob Quad
    Mob Quad

    Mob Quad is a four-sided group of buildings in Merton College, Oxford surrounding a small lawn. It is often claimed to be the oldest quadrangle in Oxford, but Merton's own Front Quad was certainly enclosed earlier and the same form was probably developed independently elsewhere....
     in Merton College, Oxford
    Merton College, Oxford

    Merton College is one of the Colleges of Oxford University of the University of Oxford in England. Its foundation can be traced back to the 1260s when Walter de Merton, chancellor to Henry III of England and later to Edward I of England, first drew up statutes for an independent academic community and established endowments to support it....
     is one of the oldest quads in existence.
  • Peckwater Quadrangle
    Peckwater Quadrangle

    The Peckwater Quadrangle is one of the Quadrangle s of Christ Church, Oxford, Oxford, England. It is on the site of a medieval inn, which was run by the Peckwater family and given to St Frideswide's Priory in 1246....
  • Quadrangle (Harvard)
    Quadrangle (Harvard)

    Not to be confused with the Radcliffe Quadrangle at Oxford.The Quadrangle at Harvard University, formerly called the Radcliffe Quadrangle or the Harvard Annex dorms, is part of Harvard's undergraduate campus, in Cambridge, Massachusetts....
  • The Dartmouth Green
    The Green (Dartmouth College)

    The Green is a grass-covered field and common space at the center of Dartmouth College, an Ivy League university located in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States....
  • The Quadrangle
    The Quadrangle

    The Quadrangle is the heart of the city of Springfield, Massachusetts', cultural community. Four museums, the city's central library, and the National Dr....
  • Radcliffe Quadrangle, University College, Oxford
    University College, Oxford

    University College , is one of the Colleges of the University of Oxford of the University of Oxford in England. It is a contender for being the oldest of the colleges of the university, and is amongst the largest in terms of population....
  • Schenley Quadrangle
    Schenley Quadrangle

    Schenley Quadrangle is a cluster of University of Pittsburgh residence halls that is a Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmark and are contributing property to the Schenley Farms Historic district in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States....
    , University of Pittsburgh
    University of Pittsburgh

    The University of Pittsburgh, commonly referred to as Pitt, is a Commonwealth System of Higher Education research university located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States....
  • Bascom Hill
    Bascom Hill

    Bascom Hill is the main Quadrangle that forms the symbolic core of the University of Wisconsin-Madison campus. It is located on the opposite end of State Street from the Wisconsin State Capitol, and is named after John Bascom, former president of the University of Wisconsin....
    , University of Wisconsin-Madison
  • Stanford University
    Stanford University

    Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is a private university research university located in Stanford, California, California, United States....
  • The Citadel (military college)
    The Citadel (military college)

    |}The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, is a State university, comprehensive college located in Charleston, South Carolina, USA....
  • Tom Quad
    Tom Quad

    The Great Quadrangle more popularly known as Tom Quad, is one of the quadrangles of Christ Church, Oxford. It is the largest college quad in Oxford, measuring 264 by 261 feet....
  • The Quadrangle, University of Pennsylvania
    University of Pennsylvania

    The University of Pennsylvania is a private research university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Penn is America's first university and is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States....
  • Upper Quad, Lincoln Hall, University of Nottingham
    University of Nottingham

    The University of Nottingham is a public, co-educational institution of higher learning in the city of Nottingham, England. Nottingham, which has campuses in the United Kingdom and Asia, is the fifth largest university in the UK , and is a member of the Russell Group, Universitas 21, the Association of Commonwealth Universities, and the Europ...
  • Beit Quad, Imperial College London
    Imperial College London

    Imperial College London is a United Kingdom university in London that focuses primarily on science, engineering, medicine and business.Imperial is regularly placed in the top three in the Times National University League Table along with Oxford and Cambridge....
  • The Quadrangle, St. Joseph's College, London
    St. Joseph's College, London

    St Joseph?s College is a specialist Mathematics and Computing College located in London, UK. It is a voluntary aided Roman Catholic comprehensive school for students aged 11 to 18 years....
  • The Terrazzo
    United States Air Force Academy, Cadet Area

    The United States Air Force Academy, Cadet Area is a portion of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado. It is notable for its use of modern architecture as compared to the very traditional design of West Point and Annapolis....
    , United States Air Force Academy
    United States Air Force Academy

    The United States Air Force Academy , is an accredited college for the undergraduate education of officers for the United States Air Force. Its campus is located immediately north of Colorado Springs, Colorado in El Paso County, Colorado, Colorado, United States....
  • The Medical Quandrangle, Queen's University
    Queen's University

    Queen's University, generally referred to simply as Queen's, is a coeducational, non-sectarian, research intensive, public university located in Kingston, Ontario, Ontario, Canada....
  • Lincoln Quadrangles, Indiana State University
    Indiana State University

    Indiana State University is a public university located in Terre Haute, Indiana.The Princeton Review has named Indiana State as one of the "Best in the Midwest" five years running, and the College of Education's Graduate Program was recently named as a 'Top 100' by U.S....


Gallery


Educational establishments

Palaces

See also

  • Siheyuan
    Siheyuan

    A siheyuan is a historical type of residence that was commonly found throughout China, most famously in Beijing. The name literally means a courtyard surrounded by four buildings....