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Qazakh (; also known as Kazakh or Gazakh) is a rayon
Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan

||-||}Azerbaijan is divided into:*59 districts ,*11 cities* ,*1 autonomous republic , which itself contains:**7 districts...
 of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan , is the largest and most populous country in the South Caucasus, located partially in Eastern Europe and partially in Western Asia....
. It has two exclave
Enclave and exclave

In political geography, an enclave is a territory whose geographical boundaries lie entirely within the boundaries of another territory.An exclave, on the other hand, is a territory legally attached to another territory with which it is not physically contiguous....
s inside Armenia
Armenia

Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in South Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea....
, Yukhari Askipara
Yukhari Askipara

Yuxari ?skipara is a village in the Qazakh Rayon of Azerbaijan. Together with Asagi ?skipara , it forms an exclave of Azerbaijan. The exclave is surrounded by Armenia and has been controlled by it since the Nagorno-Karabakh War....
 and Barkhudarli, both of which came under Armenian control during the Nagorno-Karabakh War
Nagorno-Karabakh War

The Nagorno-Karabakh War refers to the armed conflict that took place from February 1988 to May 1994, in the small ethnic enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh in southwestern Azerbaijan, between the majority ethnic Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh backed by the Republic of Armenia against the Republic of Azerbaijan....
.

History
In antiquity, this rayon was part of Utik
Utik

Utik was a historic province of the Kingdom of Armenia and Caucasian Albania. Most of the region is located within present-day Azerbaijan immediately west of the Kura River while a part of it lies within the Tavush province of present-day Armenia....
, a historic province of Caucasian Albania
Albania

Albania , officially the Republic of Albania , is a country in Balkans. It is bordered by Greece to the south-east, Montenegro to the north, Kosovo to the northeast, and the Republic of Macedonia to the east....
 as described by Greco-Roman historians.






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Azerbaijan Qazakh
Qazakh (; also known as Kazakh or Gazakh) is a rayon
Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan

||-||}Azerbaijan is divided into:*59 districts ,*11 cities* ,*1 autonomous republic , which itself contains:**7 districts...
 of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan , is the largest and most populous country in the South Caucasus, located partially in Eastern Europe and partially in Western Asia....
. It has two exclave
Enclave and exclave

In political geography, an enclave is a territory whose geographical boundaries lie entirely within the boundaries of another territory.An exclave, on the other hand, is a territory legally attached to another territory with which it is not physically contiguous....
s inside Armenia
Armenia

Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in South Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea....
, Yukhari Askipara
Yukhari Askipara

Yuxari ?skipara is a village in the Qazakh Rayon of Azerbaijan. Together with Asagi ?skipara , it forms an exclave of Azerbaijan. The exclave is surrounded by Armenia and has been controlled by it since the Nagorno-Karabakh War....
 and Barkhudarli, both of which came under Armenian control during the Nagorno-Karabakh War
Nagorno-Karabakh War

The Nagorno-Karabakh War refers to the armed conflict that took place from February 1988 to May 1994, in the small ethnic enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh in southwestern Azerbaijan, between the majority ethnic Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh backed by the Republic of Armenia against the Republic of Azerbaijan....
.

History


In antiquity, this rayon was part of Utik
Utik

Utik was a historic province of the Kingdom of Armenia and Caucasian Albania. Most of the region is located within present-day Azerbaijan immediately west of the Kura River while a part of it lies within the Tavush province of present-day Armenia....
, a historic province of Caucasian Albania
Albania

Albania , officially the Republic of Albania , is a country in Balkans. It is bordered by Greece to the south-east, Montenegro to the north, Kosovo to the northeast, and the Republic of Macedonia to the east....
 as described by Greco-Roman historians. Around 5th-7th centuries A.D., the local historian Movses Kaghankatvatsi
Movses Kaghankatvatsi

Movses Kaghankatvatsi , also referred to as Movses Daskhurantsi , was a medieval Armenian people historian believed to have authored The History of the Country of Albania....
  as well as the medieval Armenian historians Movses Khorenatsi
Movses Khorenatsi

Movses Khorenatsi was an Armenian people historian and author of the History of Armenia . He is credited with the earliest known historiographical work on the history of Armenia, but was also a poet, or hymnodist, and a grammarian....
  and Hovannes Draskhanakertsi referred to the region as the "Albanian plain". The region was eventually conquered by several neighboring powers including the Sassanid Persians
Sassanid Empire

The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty is the name of the last pre-Islamic Iranian empire. It was one of the two main powers in Western Asia for a period of more than 400 years....
, the Byzantine Greeks
Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire and Eastern Roman Empire are conventional names used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople....
, the Arabs
Arab Empire

Islamic Empire may refer to*the Caliphates of the early Middle Ages:**Rashidun Caliphate **Umayyad Caliphate - Successor of the Rashidun Caliphate...
, the Seljuq Turks
Seljuq dynasty

The Seljuq were a Turco-Persian Sunni Muslim dynasty that ruled parts of Central Asia and the Middle East from the 11th to 14th centuries. They set up an empire known as Great Seljuq Empire that stretched from Anatolia through Persia and was the target of the First Crusade....
, the Georgians
History of Georgia (country)

The history of Georgia began with the rise of the early Georgian states of Colchis and Caucasian Iberia, which in Circa1000 BC formed the Georgian civilization and achieved its renaissance and golden age in the twelfth through thirteenth centuries....
, the Mongols
Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire was the List of largest empires#Contiguous Empires empire and the largest bar none. It emerged from the unification of Mongols and Turkic peoples tribes in modern day Mongolia, and grew through Mongol invasions, after Genghis Khan had been proclaimed ruler of all Mongols in 1206....
, the Timurids
Timurid Dynasty

The Timurids, self-designated Gurkani , were a Persianate society Central Asian Sunni Islam dynasty of originally Turko-Mongol descent whose empire included the whole of Central Asia, Iran, modern Afghanistan and Pakistan, as well as large parts of India, Mesopotamia and Caucasus....
, the Kara Koyunlu
Kara Koyunlu

The Kara Koyunlu or Qara Qoyunlu, also called the Black Sheep Turkomans , were a Shi'ite Oghuz Turks tribal federation that ruled over the territory comprising the present-day Armenia, Republic of Azerbaijan, Iranian Azerbaijan, western Iran, eastern Turkey and Iraq from about 1375 to 1468....
 and Ak Koyunlu
Ak Koyunlu

The Ak Koyunlu or Aq Qoyunlu, also called the White Sheep Turkomans , was an Oghuz Turks tribal federation, that ruled parts of present-day Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, northern Iraq, and western Iran from 1378 to 1508....
 Turkoman tribes, and finally the Safavid Iran
Safavid dynasty

The Safavids were an Iranian Shia dynasty of mixed Azerbaijani people and Kurdistan origins which ruled Persia from 1501/1502 to 1722. Safavids established the greatest Iranian empire since the Islamic conquest of Persia and established the Twelvers of Imamah as the official religion of their empire, marking one of the most important turni...
.

After the Russo-Persian War (1804-1813)
Russo-Persian War (1804-1813)

The 1804-1813 Russo-Persian War, one of the many wars between the Persian Empire and Imperial Russia, began like many wars as a territorial dispute....
, the Russian Empire
Russian Empire

File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
 gained control of the area by virtue of the Treaty of Gulistan. Under Russian rule, it formed the northeastern part of the Kazakh uyezd of the Elisabethpol Governorate
Elisabethpol Governorate

Elisabethpol Governorate or Elizavetpol Governorate was one of the guberniyas of the Russian Empire, with its centre in Elisabethpol . Its area was 44,136 sq....
. A contemporary military historian noted the following ethnographic detail: "Abbas Mirza's route lay through the country of the great tribe of the Casaks, which is extremely strong and thickly wooded." He further notes that: "These have no connection with the Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
n Cossacks. They are descended from men of the Kirgis Casaks, left by Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan , born , was the founder, Khan and Khagan of the Mongol Empire, the World's largest empires contiguous empire in history....
, and are Mahomedans of the Soonnie [Sunni Muslims] sect. They are frequently called Kara Papaks
Karapapak

The Karapapak are a small ethnic group of Turkic languages people who mainly live in Azerbaijan, in Georgia , in the northeast of Turkey near the border with Georgia and Armenia, primarily in the provinces of Ardahan Province , Kars Province and Igdir Province, and in Iran ....
, from wearing black sheep-skin caps."

With the fall of the Russian Empire, dispute over the region arose between the Armenians (who made up 39% of the population) and the Azerbaijanis (who comprised 57%). When the South Caucasus came under British occupation, Sir John Oliver Wardrop
Oliver Wardrop

Sir John Oliver Wardrop, Order of the British Empire, Order of St Michael and St George was a United Kingdom diplomat, traveller and translator, primarily known as the United Kingdom's first Chief Commissioner of South Caucasus in Georgia , 1919-21, and also as the founder and benefactor of Kartvelian studies at University of Oxford....
, British Chief Commissioner in the South Caucasus, decided that assigning the Erivan Governorate
Erivan Governorate

Erivan Governorate was one of the guberniyas of the Russian Empire, with its centre in Erivan . Its area was 27,830 sq. kilometres. It roughly corresponded to what is now most of central Armenia, the Igdir Province of Turkey, and Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan exclave....
 and the Kars Oblast
Kars Oblast

Kars Oblast was one of Transcaucasian Guberniya of Russian Empire between 1878 and 1917. Its capital was in the city of Kars, Turkey, presently in the Turkey....
 to Democratic Republic of Armenia
Democratic Republic of Armenia

The Democratic Republic of Armenia , 1918?1920, was the first modern establishment of an Armenian republic. The collapse of the Imperial Russia with the Russian Revolution of 1917 gave chance to the Armenian Revolutionary Federation to create the new republic which the leadership and the 103 of delegates from former Romanov realm belonged t...
 (DRA) and the Elisabethpol and Baku
Baku Governorate

Baku Governorate was one of the guberniyas of the Russian Empire, with its centre in Baku. Area : 34,4000 sq. verstas, population : 789,659....
 Governorates to the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic

The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was the first successful attempt to establish a democratic and secular republic in the Muslim world . The ADR was founded on May 28, 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917 by Azerbaijani National Council in Tiflis....
 (ADR) would solve the region's outstanding disputes. However, this proposal was rejected by both Armenians (who did not wish to give up their claims to Kazakh, Zangezur (today Syunik
Syunik

Syunik is the southernmost province of Armenia. It borders the Vayots Dzor marz to the north, Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan exclave to the west, Karabakh to the east, and Iran to the south....
), and Nagorno-Karabakh
Nagorno-Karabakh

Nagorno-Karabakh is a landlocked region in the Southern Caucasus, lying between Karabakh and Syunik Province and covering the southeastern range of the Lesser Caucasus mountains....
) and Azerbaijanis (who found it unacceptable to give up their claims to Nakhichevan
Nakhichevan

The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic , often known simply as Nakhchivan or Nakhichevan, is a landlocked Enclave and exclave of Azerbaijan....
). As conflict broke out between the two groups, the British left the region in mid-1919.

After the British evacuation and more fighting between Armenians and Azerbaijanis ensued, the Soviet Eleventh Army led by Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze
Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze

File:Sergo ordzhonikidze.jpgGrigoriy Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze , generally known as Sergo Ordzhonikidze was a member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee, and close friend to Stalin....
 gained control of the region which was later incorporated into the Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
 as part of the Transcaucasian SFSR
Transcaucasian SFSR

The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic , also known as the Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Transcaucasian SFSR and the TSFSR for short, was a short-lived republics of the Soviet Union....
. During the process of Sovietization
Sovietization

Sovietization is term that may be used with two distinct meanings:*the adoption of a political system based on the model of soviet s .*the adoption of a way of life and mentality modelled after the Soviet Union....
, the borders of the Transcaucasian republics were redrawn several times. The territory of the former Kazakh uyezd was eventually divided between the Armenian and Azerbaijani republics along ethnic and sectarian lines. The northern region, including the town of Qazakh itself was given to Azerbaijan while the southern portion, roughly corresponding to the present-day Armenian province Tavush
Tavush

Tavush is a provinces of Armenia of Armenia. It is in the north-east of the country, bordering Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to the east....
 was given to Armenia. During the Nagorno-Karabakh War
Nagorno-Karabakh War

The Nagorno-Karabakh War refers to the armed conflict that took place from February 1988 to May 1994, in the small ethnic enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh in southwestern Azerbaijan, between the majority ethnic Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh backed by the Republic of Armenia against the Republic of Azerbaijan....
, Armenia gained control of Qazakh's exclaves of Yukhari Askipara and Barkhudarli. Besides this, neither country has disputed the boundary since.

List of Historic and Tourist Sites


There are 112 protected monuments in the region of Qazakh, of which, 54 are of archaeological, 46 - of architectural, 7 - of historical, and 5 - of artistic significance. Among such famous monuments are:

  • The House of the Poetry of Samad Vurgun in the village Yukhari Salahli, since 1976.
  • The Museum of History and Ethnography, since 1984.
  • The Qazakh State Picture Gallery by the Ministry of Culture of Azerbaijan
    Azerbaijan

    Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan , is the largest and most populous country in the South Caucasus, located partially in Eastern Europe and partially in Western Asia....
    , since 1986.
  • The Memorial museum of Molla Panah Vagif
    Molla Panah Vagif

    Molla Panah Vagif was a 18th century poet, the founder of realism genre in the Azerbaijani literature and also a prominent statesman and diplomat, vizier - the minister of foreign affairs in the Karabakh khanate....
     and Molla Vali Vidadi
    Molla Vali Vidadi

    Molla Vali Vidadi was an Azerbaijani poet.Little is known about Vidadi. He spent most of his life in his native town of Shamkir where he taught at a religious school he had established himself....
    , since 1970.
  • The House of Teachers Seminary of Qazakh, built in 1910, functioned between 1918 and 1959.
  • The Bath House of Israfil Agha, built in the first decade of the 20th century by Israfil Agha Kerbelayev from the village of Kasaman.
  • The Damjili Caves, in the village of Dash Salahli, south-east of the mount Avey, cover an area of 360 km2 and refer to Middle
    Middle Paleolithic

    The Middle Paleolithic is the second subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe, Africa and Asia. The term Middle Stone Age is used as an equivalent or a synonym for the Middle Paleolithic in African archeology....
     and Upper Paleolithic
    Upper Paleolithic

    The Upper Paleolithic is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe, Africa and Asia. Very broadly it dates to between 40,000 and 9th millennium BC years ago, roughly coinciding with the appearance of "high" culture and before the advent of agriculture....
    , Mesolithic
    Mesolithic

    The Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age was a period in the development of human technology in between the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age and the Neolithic or New Stone Age....
     and Neolithic
    Neolithic

    The Neolithic period was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 9500 Before the Christian Era in the Middle East that is traditionally considered the last part of the Stone Age....
     eras.
  • Sinig Korpu (The Broken Bridge) , 12th century bridge built over the Ehram (Khram) river in the village Ikinji Shikhli.
  • The Didevan Castle , 6th-7th century monument in the village of Khanliglar.
  • Mount Goyazan ), a rare archaeological monument in the village of Abbasbeyli, rises 857.9 meters above the sea level.
  • The Baba Dervish Habitation, an archaeological site in the village Demirchiler.
  • The Kazim Bridge in the village of Yukhari Askipara
    Yukhari Askipara

    Yuxari ?skipara is a village in the Qazakh Rayon of Azerbaijan. Together with Asagi ?skipara , it forms an exclave of Azerbaijan. The exclave is surrounded by Armenia and has been controlled by it since the Nagorno-Karabakh War....
    , allegedly built during the reign of Shamsi Khan.


  • The Juma Mosque of Qazakh, built in 1902 by Akhund Haji Zeynalabdin Mahammadli Oglu from the village of Kasaman.


  • The Aslanbeyli Mosque built in 1909 by Hamid Efendi, the native of village Aslanbeyli.


  • Santepe, an archaeological site referring back to 9th-8th centuries B.C. and the Iron Age.


  • St. Sargis of Gag church, medieval Armenian church destroyed by the Azerbaijani soldiers in act of cultural genocide
    Cultural genocide

    Cultural genocide is a term used to describe the deliberate destruction of the cultural heritage of a people or nation for political, military, religious, ideological, ethnical, or racial reasons....
    .


  • The Qazakhbeyli Hills, an archaeological site referring to the 8th-6th centuries B.C. near the village of Qazakhbeyli.
  • The Shikhli Human Camp, an archaeological site near the village of Birinji Shikhli.


Prominent people from Qazakh


  • Ali-Agha Shikhlinski
    Ali-Agha Shikhlinski

    Ali-Agha Ismail-Agha oglu Shikhlinski was lieutenant-general of the Russian tsarist army and Deputy Minister of Defense and General of the Artillery of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic....
     - (1865-1943) general-lieutenant of the artillery, known as "God of Russian artillery".
  • Farrukh Gayibov - (1889-1916) the first Azerbaijani pilot, was awarded the 4th class order of "Saint Georgi".
  • Ibrahim aga Vakilov - (1853-1934) general, the first Azerbaijani military topographer.
  • Javad bey Shikhlinski - (1876-1940) general-mayor, the commander of the division.
  • Ibrahim bey Usubov - (1872-1920) general-mayor, the commander of the division.
  • Mirza Huseyn afandi Gayibov - (1830-1917) the Chair of the Ecclesiastical Department of Transcaucasia.
  • Molla Vali Vidadi
    Molla Vali Vidadi

    Molla Vali Vidadi was an Azerbaijani poet.Little is known about Vidadi. He spent most of his life in his native town of Shamkir where he taught at a religious school he had established himself....
     - (1707-1809) prominent poet of Azerbaijan.
  • Molla Panah Vagif
    Molla Panah Vagif

    Molla Panah Vagif was a 18th century poet, the founder of realism genre in the Azerbaijani literature and also a prominent statesman and diplomat, vizier - the minister of foreign affairs in the Karabakh khanate....
     - (1717-1797) prominent poet of Azerbaijan and social figure.
  • Mukhtar Hajiyev - (1876-1938) the first chairman of Azerbaijan Central Executive Committee in 1921
  • Samad Vurgun - (1906-1956) National Poet of Azerbaijan (the first who deserved this title)
  • Osman Sarivelli - (1905-1990) national poet of Azerbaijan.
  • Mehdi Huseyn - (1909-1964) National Writer of Azerbaijan. Prominent writer-dramatist, critic.
  • Mirvarid Dilbazi
    Mirvarid Dilbazi

    Mirvarid Dilbazi , was an Azerbaijani people poetess.She was born in the village of Musakoy located in the Gazakh, Azerbaijan. Both of her grandfathers, Haji Rahim and Abdurahman Dilbazi, were poets....
     - (1912-2001) national poet of Azerbaijan
  • Amina Dilbazi - (1919) ballet-master. National Artist of Azerbaijan.
  • Elazan Bayjan (Haji Hasanzadeh) - (1913-1989) poet-doctor. Set up private medical clinics in Freyburg, Germany.
  • Ismayil Shykhly - (1919-1995) National Writer of Azerbaijan, scientist- pedagogue, social-political figure.
  • Elmira Huseynova - (1933-1995) sculptor.
  • Fatma Vakilova - (1912-1987) professor, doctor of geology-mineralogy sciences.
  • Sayad Zeynalov - (1886-1942) deserved 4th class "Saint Georgi" order
  • Teymur Bunyadov - (1928) academician, historian-ethnographer.
  • Tahir Isayev, a.k.a. Serafino - (1922-2001) national hero of Italy.
  • Ali Mustafayev - (1952-1991) National Hero of Azerbaijan.


Demographics

  • Population:84.569
Azeris 99.8% (84.399)

Footnotes


External links