Qasim Khanate or
Kingdom of Qasim (
TatarThe Tatar language is a Turkic language spoken by the Tatars.-Geographic distribution:Tatar is spoken in Russia , Central Asia, Ukraine, Poland, China, Finland and Turkey....
:
Qasím xanlığı/Касыйм ханлыгы,
Qasím patşalığı/Касыйм патшалыгы; ,
Касимовское царство) was a Tatar territorial formation (
khanateKhanate or Chanat is a Turco-Mongolian-originated word used to describe a political entity ruled by a Khan. In modern Turkish the word used is hanlık, and in modern Azeri of the republic of Azerbaijan, xanlıq. In Mongolian the word khanlig is used, as in "Khereidiin Khanlig" meaning the Khanate of...
), vassal of
RussiaRussia , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia . It is a semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, which existed from 1452 till 1681 in the territory of modern
Ryazan OblastRyazan Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . It has an area of 39,600 km² and a population of 1,227,910...
in
RussiaRussia , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia . It is a semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
with its capital
KasimovKasimov is a town in Ryazan Oblast, Russia, the administrative center of Kasimovsky District. The town is situated on the left bank of the Oka River...
, in the middle stream of the
Oka RiverOka is a river in central Russia, the largest right tributary of the Volga. It flows through the regions of Oryol, Tula, Kaluga, Moscow, Ryazan, Vladimir and Nizhny Novgorod and is navigable over a large part of its total length, as far upstream as to the town of Kaluga. Its length exceeds 1500 km...
. It was created in the lands that
Vasili IIVasily II Vasiliyevich Tyomniy was the Grand Prince of Moscow whose long reign was plagued by the greatest civil war of Old Russian history....
presented to the Kazan prince
Qasim khanQasím Khan or Qasim of Kasimov , was the first khan of the Qasim Khanate, a Tatar khanate since 1450s. He was the son of Kazan khan Oluğ Möxämmäd....
, son of the first Kazan khan Olug Moxammat.
The original populations were Finnic tribes Meshchyora and Muroma, Mordvins.
Qasim Khanate or
Kingdom of Qasim (
TatarThe Tatar language is a Turkic language spoken by the Tatars.-Geographic distribution:Tatar is spoken in Russia , Central Asia, Ukraine, Poland, China, Finland and Turkey....
:
Qasím xanlığı/Касыйм ханлыгы,
Qasím patşalığı/Касыйм патшалыгы; ,
Касимовское царство) was a Tatar territorial formation (
khanateKhanate or Chanat is a Turco-Mongolian-originated word used to describe a political entity ruled by a Khan. In modern Turkish the word used is hanlık, and in modern Azeri of the republic of Azerbaijan, xanlıq. In Mongolian the word khanlig is used, as in "Khereidiin Khanlig" meaning the Khanate of...
), vassal of
RussiaRussia , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia . It is a semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, which existed from 1452 till 1681 in the territory of modern
Ryazan OblastRyazan Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . It has an area of 39,600 km² and a population of 1,227,910...
in
RussiaRussia , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia . It is a semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
with its capital
KasimovKasimov is a town in Ryazan Oblast, Russia, the administrative center of Kasimovsky District. The town is situated on the left bank of the Oka River...
, in the middle stream of the
Oka RiverOka is a river in central Russia, the largest right tributary of the Volga. It flows through the regions of Oryol, Tula, Kaluga, Moscow, Ryazan, Vladimir and Nizhny Novgorod and is navigable over a large part of its total length, as far upstream as to the town of Kaluga. Its length exceeds 1500 km...
. It was created in the lands that
Vasili IIVasily II Vasiliyevich Tyomniy was the Grand Prince of Moscow whose long reign was plagued by the greatest civil war of Old Russian history....
presented to the Kazan prince
Qasim khanQasím Khan or Qasim of Kasimov , was the first khan of the Qasim Khanate, a Tatar khanate since 1450s. He was the son of Kazan khan Oluğ Möxämmäd....
, son of the first Kazan khan Olug Moxammat.
Pre-history
The original populations were Finnic tribes Meshchyora and Muroma, Mordvins. The land was under Kievan Rus' and
Volga BulgariaVolga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is a historic Bulgar state that existed between the seventh and thirteenth centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers in what is now Russia. Today, both the Republics of Tatarstan and Chuvashia are considered to be descendants of Volga...
's influence. Local tribes were tributes of
RussiaRussia , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia . It is a semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n dukes. Later, the area was incorporated into
Vladimir-SuzdalVladimir-Suzdal Principality or Vladimir-Suzdal Rus’ was a principality which succeeded Kievan Rus' as the most powerful Rus' state in the late 12th century and lasted until the late 14th century...
. In 1152, duke of Vladimir Yuri Dolgoruky founded
Gorodets-MeshchyorskiyKasimov is a town in Ryazan Oblast, Russia, the administrative center of Kasimovsky District. The town is situated on the left bank of the Oka River...
. After the Mongol conquest, the territory was incorporated into the territory of the
Golden HordeThe Ulus of Jochi or the Golden Horde is an East Slavic designation for the Mongol—later Turkicized—Muslim khanate established in the western part of the Mongol Empire after the Mongol invasion of Rus' in the 1240s: present-day Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Kazakhstan, and the Caucasus...
. Turkic settlers appeared in those areas, and most of them accepted
IslamIslam Islam Islam ( al-’islām,
[There are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or , and whether the a is pronounced as in father, as in cat, or (when the stress is on the i) as in the a of sofa...]
under
Volga BulgariaVolga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is a historic Bulgar state that existed between the seventh and thirteenth centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers in what is now Russia. Today, both the Republics of Tatarstan and Chuvashia are considered to be descendants of Volga...
's influence. The semi-independent principality
Mishar YurtMishar Yurt was semi-independent principality of Golden Horde at the border of Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod and Ryazan duchies. At the epoch of Volga Bulgaria those land, originally settled by Mordvins, also was settled by Turkic peoples, tended to be converted to Islam...
was founded by
HordianThe Ulus of Jochi or the Golden Horde is an East Slavic designation for the Mongol—later Turkicized—Muslim khanate established in the western part of the Mongol Empire after the Mongol invasion of Rus' in the 1240s: present-day Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Kazakhstan, and the Caucasus...
Mohammad Shirin
begBeg refers to:* Begging* Beg or Baig an alternative form of the Turkic title Bey . It is also used by Iranian, Afghan and Pakistani people....
. From 1393, the area became a part of
RussiaRussia , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia . It is a semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. After the
battle of SuzdalThe Battle of Suzdal or the battle of the Kamenka river was fought of July 7 1445 between Russians under Vasily II and Tatars troops of Olug Moxammad, invaded the principality of Nizhny Novgorod. Russians were defeated by troops of beg Maxmud, who became Maxmud of Kazan some after the battle....
in 1445, Olug Moxammad claimed to return those lands to the
TatarsTatars , sometimes spelled Tartars, are a Turkic ethnic group mainly inhabiting Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. They numbered 10 million in the late 20th Century, which includes all subgroups of Tatar people, such as...
.
According to some historians, such as Khudyakov, Vassily executed the claim and Moxammat's son Qasim was crowned as a ruler of Meshchyora lands. The area and capital were renamed after him. Another version is that Qasim came into Russian service and was granted those lands to create a
buffer stateA buffer state is a country lying between two rival or potentially hostile greater powers, which by its sheer existence is thought to prevent conflict between them. Buffer states, when authentically independent, typically pursue a neutralist foreign policy, which distinguishes them from satellite...
between
Grand Duchy of MoscowThe Grand Duchy of Moscow was a medieval Russian polity centered on Moscow between 1340 and 1547. The Grand Duchy of Moscow, as the state is known in Russian records, has been referred to by many Western sources as Muscovy. However, this term is also sometimes applied to the Tsardom of Russia...
and the
Khanate of KazanThe Khanate of Kazan was a medieval Tatar state which occupied the territory of former Volga Bulgaria between 1438 and 1552. The khanate covered contemporary Tatarstan, Mari El, Chuvashia, Mordovia, parts of Udmurtia and Bashkortostan; its capital was the city of Kazan...
. However, the Khanate was a vassal of
RussiaRussia , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia . It is a semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. From the beginning, Khans governed the Khanate's territory, but the inner politics were controlled by Russia.
Population
The land was settled by Mishar
TatarsTatars , sometimes spelled Tartars, are a Turkic ethnic group mainly inhabiting Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. They numbered 10 million in the late 20th Century, which includes all subgroups of Tatar people, such as...
(the descendants of the earliest Turkic population),
RussiansThe Russian people are an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
, and Mordvins. The Meshchyora and Muroma tribes had been already assimilated. Some Kazan Tatars resettled to Qasim lands, and were called
Qasim Tatars. The most of Qasim Tatars served at the khan's palace or served in the khan's military. This group had been assimilated into the Mishar Tatars, but nearby 1,000 Qasim Tatars are still living in the city of
KasimovKasimov is a town in Ryazan Oblast, Russia, the administrative center of Kasimovsky District. The town is situated on the left bank of the Oka River...
.
The noble families were the Manghyt (Manğıt), Arghyn (Arğın), Jalair (Cälair), Qipchaq (Qıpçaq). Moscow's administrators elected the khans from ruling families of the Tatar khanates:
Khanate of KazanThe Khanate of Kazan was a medieval Tatar state which occupied the territory of former Volga Bulgaria between 1438 and 1552. The khanate covered contemporary Tatarstan, Mari El, Chuvashia, Mordovia, parts of Udmurtia and Bashkortostan; its capital was the city of Kazan...
, the
Crimean KhanateThe Crimean Khanate or the Khanate of Crimea was a Crimean Tatar state from 1441 to 1783. Its native name was Crimean Yurt The Crimean Khanate or the Khanate of Crimea was a Crimean Tatar state from 1441 to 1783. Its native name was Crimean Yurt...
, and the
Siberia KhanateThe Khanate of Sibir was a Tatar Turkic khanate in the later Russian Siberia. The Khanate had an ethnically diverse population of Siberian Tatars, Khanty, Mansi, Nenets and Selkup people.-History:...
.
History
Qasim khans with their guard participated in all of Russians raids into
KazanKazan is the capital city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, and one of Russia's largest cities. It is a major industrial, commercial and cultural center, and remains the most important center of Tatar culture. Since April 2009 Kazan has the legal right to brand itself as the "Third Capital" of...
(1467-1469, 1487, 1552). Qasim khan Şahğäli (1515-1567) was 3 times crowned as
Kazan khan with the aid of
RussiaRussia , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia . It is a semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. After the conquest of Kazan, the self-government of the khans was abolished and the khanate came to be governed by Russian voyevodas. However, khans still reigned. One of the khans,
Simeon BekbulatovichSimeon Bekbulatovich was a baptized khan of the Khanate of Qasim. During the Oprichnina period, by a strange whim of Ivan the Terrible, he was named the Grand Prince and Tsar of the Whole Russia...
, was baptised and proclaimed Grand Duke of Moscow in 1574. At the reign of
Sayed BorhanSayed Borhan khan was a khan of Qasim Khanate in 1627-1679. He was a son of Arslanghali and Fatima Soltan. Afther the death of his father he was crowned as a khan of Qasim. Sayed Borhan's regents were Fatima Soltan and her father Aqmoxammad Shahqol sayed...
khan (1627-1679) Russia started a policy of
ChristianizationThe historical phenomenon of Christianization, the conversion of individuals to Christianity or the conversion of entire peoples at once, also includes the practice of converting native pagan practices and culture, pagan religious imagery, pagan sites and the pagan calendar to Christian uses, due...
.
BegBeg refers to:* Begging* Beg or Baig an alternative form of the Turkic title Bey . It is also used by Iranian, Afghan and Pakistani people....
s, who had a status equal to Boyars, were switched to
Serving TatarsServing Tatars were a class of ethnically Tatars state servants in Muscovy and Russia in 14th-18th centuries.Originally this class was formed Tatar nobles from Golden Horde and Tatar khanates that enjoyed membership of the Russian service class. Later, qara xalıq peasants of Kazan Khanate...
, equal to Dvoryans. This policy provoked a Tatar revolt in 1656. After the death of khanbika (queen)
Fatima SoltanFatima Soltan was the last khanbika of Qasim Khanate . She was a daughter of Aqmoxammad Shahqol sayed and a wife of Arslanghali khan. After the death of hew husband in 1627 Russian tsar Mikhail Romanov appointed her and her father Aqmoxammad a regent of three-year-old son Sayed Borhan...
in 1681, the Khanate was abolished.