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Punjab (British India)
 
 
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Punjab was a province of British India, it was one of the last areas of the Indian subcontinent
Indian subcontinent

The Indian subcontinent is a large section of the Asian continent consisting of the land lying substantially on the Indian Plate. The subcontinent includes parts of various countries in South Asia, including those on the continental crust , an Island#Continental islands country on the continental shelf , and an Island#Oceanic islands countr...
 to fall under British rule. With the end of British rule in 1947 the province was split between India
India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
 and Pakistan
Pakistan

Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia and borders Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046 kilometre coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and People's Republic of China in th...
. It comprised the present day areas of:



word Punjab is named from the "five rivers" by which it is watered: the Jhelum
Jhelum River

Jehlum River or Jhelum River is a river that flows in India and Pakistan. It is the largest and most western of the five rivers of Punjab region, and passes through Jhelum District....
, Chenab
Chenab River

The Chenab River is formed by the confluence of the Chandra River and Bhaga River rivers at Tandi located in the upper Himalayas in the Lahul and Spiti District of Himachal Pradesh, India....
, Ravi
Ravi River

File:Ravi river lahore.JPGThe Ravi River is a river in Pakistan and India originating in Himachal Pradesh, India. It is one of the five rivers which give Punjab region its name....
, Beas
Beas River

The Beas River is the second easternmost of the rivers of the Punjab region. The river rises in the Himalayas in central Himachal Pradesh, India, and flows for some 290 miles to the Sutlej River in western Punjab state....
 and Sutlej
Sutlej

The Sutlej River is the longest of the five rivers that flow through the historic crossroad region of Punjab region in northern India and Pakistan....
, all tributaries of the Indus.

raphically the Punjab province of British India was a triangular tract of country of which the Indus and the Sutlej to their confluence formed the two sides, the base being the lower Himalaya hills between those two rivers; but the British province also included a large tract outside those boundaries.






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Punjab was a province of British India, it was one of the last areas of the Indian subcontinent
Indian subcontinent

The Indian subcontinent is a large section of the Asian continent consisting of the land lying substantially on the Indian Plate. The subcontinent includes parts of various countries in South Asia, including those on the continental crust , an Island#Continental islands country on the continental shelf , and an Island#Oceanic islands countr...
 to fall under British rule. With the end of British rule in 1947 the province was split between India
India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
 and Pakistan
Pakistan

Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia and borders Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046 kilometre coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and People's Republic of China in th...
. It comprised the present day areas of:

  • Punjab
    Punjab (Pakistan)

    The Punjab...
    , Pakistan
  • Punjab
    Punjab (India)

    Punjab is a States and territories of India in northwest India. The Indian state borders the Pakistani province of Punjab to the west, Jammu and Kashmir to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the northeast, Haryana to the south and southeast, Chandigarh to the southeast and Rajasthan to the southwest....
    , India
  • Haryana
    Haryana

    Haryana is a States and territories of India in the Punjab region of northern India. It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south....
    , India
  • Himachal Pradesh
    Himachal Pradesh

    Himachal Pradesh is a state in the Punjab region in north-west India. Himachal Pradesh is spread over 21,629 square mile , and is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir on north, Punjab on west and south-west, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh on south, Uttarakhand on south-east and by Tibet on the east....
    , India
  • Delhi
    Delhi

    Delhi , sometimes referred to as Dilli , is the List of most populous cities in India metropolis in India and, with over 11 million residents, the List of metropolitan areas by population....
    , India
  • Chandigarh
    Chandigarh

    Chandigarh , also called The Beautiful City, is a city in India that serves as the Capital of two states and territories of India, Punjab, India and Haryana, and is a union territory of India....
    , India
  • Islamabad Capital Territory
    Islamabad Capital Territory

    The Islamabad Capital Territory is one of the two federal Subdivisions of Pakistan#Provinces and territories. It includes Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan, and covers an area of 1,165.5 km?, of this Islamabad city covers an area of 1 E11 m? km?, or 350 square miles....
    , Pakistan


Etymology

The word Punjab is named from the "five rivers" by which it is watered: the Jhelum
Jhelum River

Jehlum River or Jhelum River is a river that flows in India and Pakistan. It is the largest and most western of the five rivers of Punjab region, and passes through Jhelum District....
, Chenab
Chenab River

The Chenab River is formed by the confluence of the Chandra River and Bhaga River rivers at Tandi located in the upper Himalayas in the Lahul and Spiti District of Himachal Pradesh, India....
, Ravi
Ravi River

File:Ravi river lahore.JPGThe Ravi River is a river in Pakistan and India originating in Himachal Pradesh, India. It is one of the five rivers which give Punjab region its name....
, Beas
Beas River

The Beas River is the second easternmost of the rivers of the Punjab region. The river rises in the Himalayas in central Himachal Pradesh, India, and flows for some 290 miles to the Sutlej River in western Punjab state....
 and Sutlej
Sutlej

The Sutlej River is the longest of the five rivers that flow through the historic crossroad region of Punjab region in northern India and Pakistan....
, all tributaries of the Indus.

Geography

Geographically the Punjab province of British India was a triangular tract of country of which the Indus and the Sutlej to their confluence formed the two sides, the base being the lower Himalaya hills between those two rivers; but the British province also included a large tract outside those boundaries. Along the northern border Himalayan ranges divided it from Kashmir
Kashmir

Kashmir is the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term "Kashmir" referred only to the valley lying between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal range; since then, it has been used for a larger area that today includes the Indian administerd state of Jammu and Kashmir consisting of the Kashmir...
 and Tibet
Tibet

Tibet is a Tibetan Plateau in Asia, north of the Himalayas, and the home to the indigenous Tibetan people and its related ethnic groups. With an average elevation of 4,900 metres , it is the highest region on Earth and has in recent decades increasingly been referred to as the "Roof of the World"....
. On the west it was separated from the North-West Frontier Province
North-West Frontier Province

File:Makra Peak by Khalid Mahmood.jpgThe North-West Frontier Province is the smallest of the Subdivisions of Pakistan of Pakistan. The NWFP is home to the majority Pashtuns as well as other smaller ethnic groups....
 by the Indus, until that river reaches the border of Dera Ghazi Khan District
Dera Ghazi Khan District

Dera Ghazi Khan is a Districts of Pakistan in the Punjab, Pakistan province of Pakistan. The district covers an area of 5,306 m? and it is a long narrow strip of country, 198 m....
, which was divided from Baluchistan
Balochistan (Pakistan)

Balochistan, or Baluchistan, is a Subdivisions of Pakistan in Pakistan, the largest in the country by geographical area; it is slightly smaller than Norway....
 by the Sulaiman Range. To the south lay Sindh
Sindh

Sindh is one of the four Subdivisions of Pakistan of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. Different cultural and ethnic groups also reside in Sindh including Urdu-speaking Muslim refugees who migrated to Pakistan from India upon independence as well as the people migrated from other provinces after independence....
 and Rajputana
Rajputana

Rajputana, also called Rajwar, was the pre-1949 name of the present-day Indian state of Rajasthan, the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area....
, while on the east the rivers Jumna and Tons
Tons River

The Tons is the largest tributary of the Yamuna River and flows through Garhwal region in Uttarakhand, touching Himachal Pradesh. The Tons thrust is named after this river....
 separated it from the United Provinces
United Provinces of Agra and Oudh

The United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, more commonly the United Provinces, was a province of British India, which existed from 1902 to 1947....
.

The province included the important city of Lahore
Lahore

is the capital of the Pakistani Subdivisions of Pakistan of Punjab and is the List of most populated metropolitan areas in Pakistan city in Pakistan after Karachi....
.

History

On 21 February 1849 the Sikhs were defeated at the battle of Gujrat by the British, the victory of the British allowed them to take over the Punjab. Punjab was annexed on the 2nd of April 1849 and became part of British India.

In 1901 the frontier districts beyond the Indus were separated from Punjab and made into a new province - the North-West Frontier Province
North-West Frontier Province

File:Makra Peak by Khalid Mahmood.jpgThe North-West Frontier Province is the smallest of the Subdivisions of Pakistan of Pakistan. The NWFP is home to the majority Pashtuns as well as other smaller ethnic groups....
.

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