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Public trial or open trial is a trial
Trial (law)

In law, a trial is an event in which parties come together to a dispute present information in a formal setting, usually a court, before a judge, jury, or other designated finder of fact, in order to achieve a resolution to their dispute....
 open to public, as opposed to the secret trial
Secret trial

A secret trial is a trial that is not public trial, nor reported in the news. Generally no official record of the case or the judge's verdict is made available....
. The term should not be confused with show trial
Show trial

The term show trial is a pejorative description of a type of highly public trial. The term was first recorded in the 1930s. There is a strong connotation that the judicial authorities have already determined the guilt of the defendant and that the actual trial has as its only goal to present the accusation and the verdict to the public as an...
.
Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution is the part of the United States Bill of Rights which sets forth rights related to criminal prosecutions in federal courts....
 establishes the right of the accused to a public trial.

The right to a public trial is not absolute. Openness may be overridden by the motion of closure. Trials may be reasonably regulated to avoid publicity
Publicity

Publicity is the deliberate attempt to manage the public's perception of a subject. The subjects of publicity include people , product and services, organizations of all kinds, and works of art or entertainment....
 that could prejudice
Prejudice

The word prejudice refers to prejudgment: making a decision about before becoming aware of the relevant facts of a case or event. The word has commonly been used in certain restricted contexts, in the expression 'racial prejudice'....
 a jury
Jury

A jury is a sworn body of people convened to render a rationalism, impartiality verdict officially submitted to them by a court, or to set a sentence or judgment....
 or harm the well-being of participants.






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Public trial or open trial is a trial
Trial (law)

In law, a trial is an event in which parties come together to a dispute present information in a formal setting, usually a court, before a judge, jury, or other designated finder of fact, in order to achieve a resolution to their dispute....
 open to public, as opposed to the secret trial
Secret trial

A secret trial is a trial that is not public trial, nor reported in the news. Generally no official record of the case or the judge's verdict is made available....
. The term should not be confused with show trial
Show trial

The term show trial is a pejorative description of a type of highly public trial. The term was first recorded in the 1930s. There is a strong connotation that the judicial authorities have already determined the guilt of the defendant and that the actual trial has as its only goal to present the accusation and the verdict to the public as an...
.

United States

The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution is the part of the United States Bill of Rights which sets forth rights related to criminal prosecutions in federal courts....
 establishes the right of the accused to a public trial.

The right to a public trial is not absolute. Openness may be overridden by the motion of closure. Trials may be reasonably regulated to avoid publicity
Publicity

Publicity is the deliberate attempt to manage the public's perception of a subject. The subjects of publicity include people , product and services, organizations of all kinds, and works of art or entertainment....
 that could prejudice
Prejudice

The word prejudice refers to prejudgment: making a decision about before becoming aware of the relevant facts of a case or event. The word has commonly been used in certain restricted contexts, in the expression 'racial prejudice'....
 a jury
Jury

A jury is a sworn body of people convened to render a rationalism, impartiality verdict officially submitted to them by a court, or to set a sentence or judgment....
 or harm the well-being of participants. Closures are decided case-by-case by the judge basing on substantial or legitimate public interest. Examples include organized crime
Organized crime

Organized crime or criminal organizations comprise groups or operations run by crimes, most commonly for the purpose of generating a money profit....
 cases (overall security concerns), rape
Rape

Rape, also referred to as sexual assault, is an assault by a person involving sexual intercourse with or sexual penetration of another person without that person's consent....
 cases (decency concerns) and juvenile
Minor (law)

In law, the term minor is used to refer to a person who is under the age in which one legally assumes adulthood and is legally granted rights afforded to adults in society....
 cases. "

Trials may be closed at the behest of the government only if it shows "an overriding interest based on findings that closure is essential to preserve higher values and is narrowly tailored to serve that interest." The accused may also request a closure of the trial; in such a case, it must be demonstrated that "first, there is a substantial probability that the defendant's right to a fair trial will be prejudiced by publicity that closure would prevent, and second, reasonable alternatives to closure cannot adequately protect the defendant's fair trial rights.

Soviet Union

In Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
 the terms "open trial" (???????? ???????) and "public trial" (????????? ???????) differed. The term "open trial" implied the possibility for public to be present at the hearings. The term "public trial" implied the purposeful presentation of the process to wide public. Public trials were usually widely discussed in media and hearings were often arranged in larger auditoria. While the Soviet public trials are commonly associated with Stalin era show trials, such as Moscow Trials
Moscow Trials

The Moscow Trials were a series of trials of political opponents of Joseph Stalin during the Great Purge. Many of the defendants were executed....
, nevertheless in Russian culture
Russian culture

Russians have a rich Russian cuisine. Russian culture#Art is considered by some to be very interesting and unique. Russians are also known for their sense of Russian humor....
 the term "public trial" did not acquire negative connotations, despite the apparent attributes of a show
Show

Show can refer to:* A television program* A theatre production* A concert* A radio program* A donkey show* Show , a live album by British band The Cure...
, primarily because the publicity of any information in pre-glasnost
Glasnost

was the policy of maximal publicity, openness, and transparency in the activities of all government institutions in the Soviet Union, together with freedom of information, introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev in the second half of 1980s....
 era was severely limited by the Soviet state. The term "show trial" corresponds to Russian "???????? ???????", (pokaznoy process).