Public nudity or
nude in public (NIP) refers to
nudityNudity is the state of wearing no clothing.It is related to the concept of modesty and is sometimes used to refer to wearing significantly less clothing than expected by the conventions of a particular culture and situation, and in particular exposing the bare skin or intimate...
not in an entirely private context. It refers to a person appearing nude in a public place or to be seen from a public place. Nudity in the
privacyPrivacy is the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves or information about themselves and thereby reveal themselves selectively...
of a person's home or private grounds or facilities is not public nudity, nor is nudity at
fitnessPhysical fitness comprises two related concepts: general fitness and specific fitness ....
facilities, swimming pools,
saunaA sauna is a small room or house designed as a place to experience dry or wet heat sessions, or an establishment with one or more of these and auxiliary facilities. These facilities derive from the Finnish sauna...
s, or
gymThe word γυμνάσιον was used in Ancient Greece, meaning a locality for both physical and intellectual education of young men...
nasia, nudist or naturist clubs or resorts, since they take place on private grounds. Naturism promotes social nudity, but mostly on private properties or officially sanctioned public areas.
In some cases, public nudity may be legal. For example, there are many countries which have designated public areas as
nude beachA nude beach is a beach where users are legally at liberty to be nude. Sometimes the terms clothing-optional beach or free beach are used. Nude bathing is one of the most common forms of nudity in public...
es, or where nude bathing is unofficially tolerated. In those places a person would not face legal prosecution merely for being nude.
Outside of those areas, community and legal
acceptanceAcceptance usually refers to cases where a person experiences a situation or condition without attempting to change it, protest, or exit. The term is used in spirituality, in Eastern religious concepts such as Buddhist mindfulness, and in human psychology...
of public nudity varies considerably. To avoid offending the public in general, public authorities maintain what are sometimes called "standards of decency". What falls outside these standards are usually termed "
indecent exposureIndecent exposure is the deliberate exposure by a person of a portion or portions of his or her own body under circumstances where such an exposure is likely to be seen as contrary to the local commonly accepted standards of decency , and may in fact be a violation of law...
", or similar terminology. These standards, however, vary with time and place. Most people object to public nudity in a sexualised context, or when children are involved. People regard those who appear nude in public as trying to draw attention to themselves. If the intent is to draw attention to oneself, it may be referred to as
exhibitionismExhibitionism, known variously as flashing, apodysophilia and Lady Godiva syndrome, is the psychological need and pattern of behavior involving the exposure of parts of the body to another person with a tendency toward an extravagant, usually at least partially sexually inspired behavior to...
, otherwise it may be to draw attention to a cause (see
nudity and protestPublic nudity has sometimes been used to attract more attention to a public protest, a tactic used by the Doukhobors in the early 20th century, and later used more widely...
). There are also some people who disrobe in public to attract publicity to themselves, as a career move, such as some
streakersStreaking is the act of taking off one's clothes and running naked through a public place.-History:On 5 July 1799, a Friday evening at 7 o'clock, a naked man was arrested, at the Mansion House, London, and sent to the Poultry Compter...
at sporting events. There are also others who spontaneously disrobe in public, as an expression of their freedom and the shedding of inhibitions; an example being
skinny dippingNude swimming is swimming naked, i.e. without any swimsuit. Skin diving is both used as a synonym and for free diving.- Etymology :...
.
There are some people who object to any public exposure of a naked human body, on moral, religious or decency grounds, and regard the exposure of a
naked body as inherently sexualNudity and sexuality is an aspect of how people experience and express their sexuality and how people see the sexuality and sexual attractiveness of others....
. (See also
gymnophobiaGymnophobia is a fear of nudity. Gymnophobics experience anxiety from nudity, even if they realize their fear is irrational. They may worry about seeing others naked or being seen naked, or both. Their fear may stem from a general anxiety about sexuality, from a fear that they are physically...
.) The degree to which a person can be exposed to be considered "indecent" varies with cultural standards. At one extreme is the former Taliban regime in
AfghanistanThe Islamic Republic of Afghanistan is a landlocked country in south central Asia. It is variously described as being located within Central Asia, South Asia, or the Middle East...
which considered the exposure of any part of a woman's body in public as indecent, and required all women to wear a
burqaA burqa is an enveloping outer garment worn by women in some Islamic traditions for the purpose of cloaking the entire body...
in public. Less extreme is the requirement for women who enter a church to wear "modest" clothing and to cover their heads. This is not entirely analogous, because this sort of requirement is not made in respect of a public place. (See also
modestyStandards of modesty are aspects of the culture of a country or people, at a given point in time, and is a measure against which an individual in society may be judged...
.)
There are some people who consider
nudity in artDepictions of nudity refers to nudity in all the artistic disciplines including vernacular and historical depictions. Nudity in art has generally reflected — with some exceptions — social standards of aesthetics and morality of their time in painting, sculpture and more recently in...
as public nudity, and by analogy nudity in the
mediaMass media denotes a section of the media specifically designed to reach a very large audience such as the population of a nation state. The term was coined in the 1920s with the advent of nationwide radio networks, mass-circulation newspapers and magazines. However, some forms of mass media such...
and on the
internetThe Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standardized Internet Protocol Suite to serve billions of users worldwide...
; to which others retort that one can always "turn off the switch" or not enter a cinema or art gallery. However, the same cannot be said for some advertising which contains images of naked or semi-naked people on public highways (or which can be seen from a public road) such as billboards, or displayed in shop windows, or magazines of naked people on the cover displayed on news-stands.
Legal position
It is generally accepted as a basic principle by most judges in western countries that a naked human body is not in itself indecent. That principle is reflected in depiction of the human form in art of various forms. This is the position, for example, in
GermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium,...
,
ScandinaviaScandinavia is a geographical region in northern Europe that includes, and is named after, the Scanian Province. It consists of the kingdoms of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark...
and
SpainSpain , officially the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.
[The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though España , Estado español and Nación española are used interchangeably...]
. In
BarcelonaBarcelona is the capital, most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia and the second largest city in Spain, with a population of 1,615,908 in 2008. It is the 11th-most populous municipality in the European Union and sixth-most populous urban area in the European Union after Paris,...
public nudity is a recognised right. Associations Addan, the organisation defending the right to nudity, Aleteia and Barcelona Council have published the "Tríptic de Barcelona" that express this and clothes free rights. In the
NetherlandsThe Netherlands is a country in Northwestern Europe, constituting the major portion of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east...
public nudity is allowed on sites that have been assigned by the local authorities and
other suitable places which effectively means any complaint will cause one to be arrested as a complaint is indication that the place was not "suitable".
On the other hand, it is also recognised that there are large numbers of people, for various reasons, who are offended by and even distressed with displays of nudity. To accommodate these apparently conflicting principles, the courts will, in general, only intervene if there is more than the mere fact of nudity to consider. Courts will therefore usually consider the issue in terms of "indecent exposure". However, the exact standards of "decency" is subject to local community standards, which vary with time and place, and circumstances. In general, public nudity with a sexual element will be prosecuted, as will one involving children.
In many countries public nudity is forbidden outright on the basis that nudity is inherently sexual. Many states of the
United StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
fine offenders on that basis. (See indecent exposure in the United States.) In many contexts, public nudity has been more accepted, especially at designated areas such as
nude beachA nude beach is a beach where users are legally at liberty to be nude. Sometimes the terms clothing-optional beach or free beach are used. Nude bathing is one of the most common forms of nudity in public...
es and, even in the United States, e.g. during
World Naked Bike RideWorld Naked Bike Ride is an international clothing-optional bike ride in which participants plan, meet and ride together en masse on human-powered transport to "protest oil dependency and celebrate the power and individuality of our bodies".The dress code motto is "Bare As You...
events or
Bay to BreakersThe Bay to Breakers is an annual footrace which takes place in San Francisco, California. The name reflects the fact that the race starts at the northeast end of the downtown area a few blocks from The Embarcadero and runs west through the city to finish at the Great Highway...
. In some states, such as Oregon, public nudity is legal and protected as free speech, as long as there is not the "intent to arouse".
http://www.kgw.com/news-local/stories/kgw_092008_news_nude_skater.968ebc65.html
Advocates of the right to be nude
Not all people who engage in public nudity see themselves as nudists or naturists or belong to traditional naturist or nudist organizations. Several activists, such as Vincent Bethell, claim that associations with naturism or nudism are unnecessary. Others will point out that many people who participate in events such as
clothing-optional bike ridesA clothing-optional bike ride is a cycling event in which nudity is permitted or expected. There are many clothing-optional cycling events around the world. Some rides are political, recreational, artistic or a unique combination...
or visit
clothing-optional beachesA nude beach is a beach where users are legally at liberty to be nude. Sometimes the terms clothing-optional beach or free beach are used. Nude bathing is one of the most common forms of nudity in public...
do so casually and without association or formal affiliation to groups or movements. Activist
Daniel JohnsonDaniel Lorenz Johnson is an American permaculturist, artist, activist, community organizer and writer who has worked for the advancement of various progressive/social liberalist causes through interdisciplinary, collaborative projects involving grassroots politics, media art and popular culture...
believes that labels and affiliations overly complicate a relatively simple phenomenon, alienate others from a fear of over-commitment or undesirable stereotypes, and thus get in the way of integrating nudity into everyday life.
Public nudity has sometimes been used to attract more attention to a public
protestProtest expresses relatively overt reaction to events or situations: sometimes in favor, though more often opposed. Protesters may organize a protest as a way of publicly and forcefully making their opinions heard in an attempt to influence public opinion or government policy, or may undertake...
, a tactic used by the
DoukhoborThe Doukhobors or Doukhabors , earlierDukhobortsy are a Christian group of Russian origin.The Doukhobors were one of the sects - later defined as a religious philosophy, ethnic group, social movement, or simply a "way of life" - known generically as Spiritual Christianity. The origin of the...
s in the early 20th century, and later (particularly from the 1960s onwards) used more widely. Modern slogans include "Disrobe for disarmament", "Nudes, not nukes!", "Naked For Peace", and
PETAPeople for the Ethical Treatment of Animals is an animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, USA. With two million members and supporters worldwide, it claims the status of the largest animal rights group in the world...
's "I'd rather go naked than wear fur!".
Formal nudity
Although ceremony and traditions usually involve dressing up, often with some preferential attire, certain cultural or religious traditions actually prescribe(d) nudity, e.g., in the gymnopaidia or the sect of the
AdamitesThe Adamites, or Adamians, were adherents of an early Christian sect that flourished in North Africa in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th centuries, but knew later revivals.-Ancient Adamites:...
.
This may be symbolic, especially for 'rebirth' to a new life phase, as in the case of
baptismIn Christianity, baptism is the ritual act, with the use of water, by which one is admitted to membership of the Christian Church and, in the view of some, as a member of the particular Church in which the baptism is administered.The usual form of baptism among the earliest Christians was for the...
(originally taken by an adult, later often as a child - to symbolise the washing away of original sin - and/or at least partially covered up) or certain
coming of ageComing of age is a young person's transition from childhood to adulthood. The age at which this transition takes place varies in society, as does the nature of the transition. It can be a simple legal convention or can be part of a ritual, as practiced by many societies...
rites, such as cow jumping by young men of the East African
Hammer peopleThe Hammere are a tribal people in southwestern Ethiopia. They live in Hamer Bena woreda , a fertile part of the Omo River valley, in the Debub Omo Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region. They are largely pastoralists, so their culture places a high value on cattle...
before they are eligible for marriage. Another example is the neo-pagan tradition in some
WiccaWicca is a neopagan, nature-based religion. It was popularised in 1954 by Gerald Gardner, a retired British civil servant, who at the time called it a "Witch cult" and "Witchcraft", and its adherents "the Wica"....
n covens of going skyclad for certain rituals.
In other cases, the physical exposure is a functional part testing endurance, e.g., to undergo
scarificationFor the process that encourages germination in plants see Scarification .Scarifying involves scratching, etching, or some sort of superficial cutting or incision as a permanent body modification, etching designs, pictures, or words into the skin....
, as among various Australian Aboriginal and Sepik River tribes in New Guinea.
Artistic expression
- Small and big events where naked people appear with body painting
Body painting, or sometimes bodypainting, is a form of body art, considered by some as the most ancient form of art. Unlike tattoo and other forms of body art, body painting is temporary, painted onto the human skin, and lasts for only several hours, or at most a couple of weeks...
.
- While nude model
Nude model can refer to:*Model , modeling that has subjects pose without clothing as an aid in creating a work of art*Fetish model, modeling to add eroticism and sexuality to photography, graphic work, internet sites, and paintings...
ing is usually done in closed artistic company, the photography of Spencer TunickSpencer Tunick is an American artist. He is best known for his installations that feature large numbers of nude people posed in artistic formations...
is generally shot publicly, outdoors. Tunick is best-known for installations that feature large numbers of nude people (up to 18 thousand) posed in artistic formations. In these formal images the nude form becomes abstract due to the sheer number so closely placed together. For Tunick, the individual naked body is not important; it is the big group which becomes a "living sculpture" in the landscape.
- San Francisco Bay area photographer Jack Gescheidt is staging his events as part of an ongoing series, called "The Tree Spirit Project".
- The photography of Paul Harvey whose book The Spirit of Lady Godiva depicts nude models in urban environments. According to one tradition, Lady Godiva
Godiva , often referred to as Lady Godiva , was an Anglo-Saxon noblewoman who, according to legend, rode naked through the streets of Coventry, in England, in order to gain a remission of the oppressive taxation imposed by her husband on his tenants...
made her famous ride, naked on horseback, through the streets of Coventry, England on July 10 in 1040 in order to gain a remission of the oppressive toll imposed by her husband on his tenants.
- The films of Charles MacFarland
Charles MacFarland is an Australian videographer, photographer, and producer who makes films through his company Synetech Video featuring naked people in social settings. Locations include naturist resorts and beaches all over the world, including France, the United States, Canada, and Australia...
are featuring naked people in social settings. Locations include international naturist resorts and beaches.
- Photographer Henning von Berg
Henning von Berg is a former German civil engineer who became a people photographer. His specialty is character portraits and fine art nudes.- Biography :...
directs whimsical art happenings with small groups of completely naked people in public urban locations around the globe. While placing a few nude women and men at crowded landmarks in downtown metropolises, he is searching to capture the inter-action between the naked amateur models and the thousands of very surprised passers-by. Von Berg also organized the world’s only-ever male nude photo shoot inside a parliament building, while hundreds of speechless people surrounded the group of six brave amateur models.
Recreation and sport
Certain activities in public areas are more readily accepted to be done while naked, such as sun bathing and swimming. Everyday activities such as riding a train or bus, shopping, or attending school or work are almost never considered by the public to be appropriate without clothing.
Examples include going nude swimming at
hot springsHot Springs may refer to:* Hot Springs, Arkansas*Hot Springs, California**Hot Springs, Lassen County, California**Hot Springs, Modoc County, California**Hot Springs, Plumas County, California* Hot Springs, Montana* Hot Springs, North Carolina...
, nude beaches,
naked hikingNaked walking, also known as naked hiking or freehiking, is a sub-category of the modern form of social nudity.-Context:Naturism has traditionally been an activity engaged in within a private space, landed club environment or designated beach. Modern naturism is moving towards a public space, as...
,
streakingStreaking is the act of taking off one's clothes and running naked through a public place.-History:On 5 July 1799, a Friday evening at 7 o'clock, a naked man was arrested, at the Mansion House, London, and sent to the Poultry Compter...
and even
skatingThere are several varieties of skating:*Ice skating and various sub-forms:**Figure skating**Ice hockey**Speed skating**Tour skating*Roller skating and various sub-forms:**Artistic roller skating**Freestyle slalom skating**Aggressive inline skating...
. Sandy Snakenberg has organized nude skating and rollerblading events in San Francisco, the largest of their kind in the world.
Nude beachA nude beach is a beach where users are legally at liberty to be nude. Sometimes the terms clothing-optional beach or free beach are used. Nude bathing is one of the most common forms of nudity in public...
es are found in many Western countries.
In recent times, it appears that public nudity is becoming more common with nude sporting and other activities being held. These include
naked hikingNaked walking, also known as naked hiking or freehiking, is a sub-category of the modern form of social nudity.-Context:Naturism has traditionally been an activity engaged in within a private space, landed club environment or designated beach. Modern naturism is moving towards a public space, as...
, canuding (nude canoeing), the
World Naked Bike RideWorld Naked Bike Ride is an international clothing-optional bike ride in which participants plan, meet and ride together en masse on human-powered transport to "protest oil dependency and celebrate the power and individuality of our bodies".The dress code motto is "Bare As You...
,
Bay to BreakersThe Bay to Breakers is an annual footrace which takes place in San Francisco, California. The name reflects the fact that the race starts at the northeast end of the downtown area a few blocks from The Embarcadero and runs west through the city to finish at the Great Highway...
,
Solstice CyclistsThe Solstice Cyclists is an artistic, non-political, clothing-optional bike ride celebrating the spirit of the Summer Solstice, and which constitutes an unofficial start for the Summer Solstice Parade & Pageant, an event produced by the Fremont Arts Council in the Fremont...
. No general public outcry has accompanied these events.
- Clothing-optional bike rides
A clothing-optional bike ride is a cycling event in which nudity is permitted or expected. There are many clothing-optional cycling events around the world. Some rides are political, recreational, artistic or a unique combination...
Public nudity in history
Throughout history, poverty has forced some warriors and sailors to be without clothing, but these instances are unlikely examples of public nudity. The closest western historical example of free public nudity was ancient
SpartaSparta was a city-state in ancient Greece, situated on the River Eurotas in the southern part of the Peloponnese. From c. 650 BC it rose to become the dominant military power in the region and as such was recognized as the overall leader of the combined Greek forces during the Greco-Persian Wars...
, a society with rigorous codes of training and physical exercise, yet also having art and music. Spartan women wore briefer clothing than other Greek women, yet they sometimes dispensed with these garments and went nude in the town if they wished. (Customarily, they and other Greek men and women were nude at festivals of the
ClassicalClassical antiquity is a broad term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome collectively known as the Greco-Roman world...
period). In Spartan society naked women or men in the city would probably have been treated with the same respect as clothed people. In general, however, concepts of either shame or offense, or the social comfort of the individual, seem to have been deterrents of public nudity in the rest of Greece and the ancient world in the east and west, with exceptions in what is now South America, and in Africa and Australia.
PolybiusPolybius was a Greek historian of the Hellenistic Period noted for his book called The Histories covering in detail the period of 220–146 BC...
asserts that Celts typically fought naked, "The appearance of these naked warriors was a terrifying spectacle, for they were all men of splendid physique and in the prime of life."
Ibn BattutaIbn Battuta was a Moroccan berber scholar and traveller who is known for the account of his travels and excursions called the Rihla...
(1304–1369) judges the character of the people of
Mali|native_name = Manden Kurufa|conventional_long_name = Mali Empire|common_name = Mali Empire|continent = Africa|region = North-West Africa|country = [Mali]|status = Empire|government_type g = Constitutional monarchy||year_start = 1230s...
:
- "Among their bad qualities are the following. The women servants, slave-girls, and young girls go about in front of everyone naked, without a stitch of clothing on them. Women go into the sultan's presence naked and without coverings, and his daughters also go about naked."
Nudity in religion
The
AdamitesThe Adamites, or Adamians, were adherents of an early Christian sect that flourished in North Africa in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th centuries, but knew later revivals.-Ancient Adamites:...
, an early Christian
sectThe historical usage of the term sect in Christendom has had pejorative connotations, referring to a group or movement with heretical beliefs or practices that deviate from those of groups considered orthodox....
, practiced "holy nudism", lived in absolute lawlessness and stripped themselves naked while engaged in common worship. During the
Middle AgesThe Middle Ages of European history is a period of European history covering roughly a millennium in the 5th century through 16th centuries. More specific starting and ending points are sometimes adopted by scholars to suit their respective specializations or current focus...
the doctrines of this obscure sect were revived: in the Netherlands by the
Brethren of the Free SpiritThe Brothers, or Brethren of the Free Spirit , was a lay Christian movement which flourished in northern Europe in the 13th and 14th Centuries. Antinomian and individualist in outlook, it came into conflict with the Church and was declared heretical by Pope Clement V at the Council of Vienne...
and the Taborites in Bohemia, and, in a grosser form, by the
BeghardsBeghards and Beguines were Roman Catholic lay religious communities active in the 13th and 14th century, living in a loose semi-monastic community but without formal vows...
in Germany. Everywhere they met with firm opposition from the mainstream churches.
Digambara monks in
IndiaIndia, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal...
reject any form of clothing whatsoever and live naked, or 'sky clad'.
Digambara is one of the two main sects of
JainismJainism is an ancient dharmic religion from India that prescribes a path of non-violence for all forms of living beings in this world. Its philosophy and practice relies mainly on self-effort in progressing the soul on the spiritual ladder to divine consciousness...
.
Sexualized public nudity
Public nudity may be non-sexualized or sexualized in nature.
Some people regard
flashingExhibitionism, known variously as flashing, apodysophilia and Lady Godiva syndrome, is the psychological need and pattern of behavior involving the exposure of parts of the body to another person with a tendency toward an extravagant, usually at least partially sexually inspired behavior to...
,
streakingStreaking is the act of taking off one's clothes and running naked through a public place.-History:On 5 July 1799, a Friday evening at 7 o'clock, a naked man was arrested, at the Mansion House, London, and sent to the Poultry Compter...
and
mooningMooning is the act of displaying one's bare buttocks by removing clothing, e.g., by lowering the backside of one's trousers and underpants, usually bending over, whether also exposing the genitals or not...
as
indecent exposureIndecent exposure is the deliberate exposure by a person of a portion or portions of his or her own body under circumstances where such an exposure is likely to be seen as contrary to the local commonly accepted standards of decency , and may in fact be a violation of law...
and as examples of sexual public nudity, though usually of a partial nature. Similarly,
doggingDogging is a British euphemism for engaging in sexual acts in a semi-public place and then watching others doing so. Frequently, there are more than two participants; both group sex and gang banging can be included. As observation is encouraged, voyeurism and exhibitionism are closely associated...
,
exhibitionismExhibitionism, known variously as flashing, apodysophilia and Lady Godiva syndrome, is the psychological need and pattern of behavior involving the exposure of parts of the body to another person with a tendency toward an extravagant, usually at least partially sexually inspired behavior to...
, and
voyeurismIn clinical psychology, voyeurism is the sexual interest in or practice of spying on people engaged in intimate behaviors, such as undressing, sexual activity, or other activity usually considered to be of a private nature...
are regarded by some people as offensive behaviour. Not all people regard these acts as offensive sexualized acts.
Burning ManBurning Man is an annual event held in the Black Rock Desert, in Northern Nevada. It takes its name from the ritual burning of a large wooden effigy on Saturday evening...
camps are examples of a range of contexts from non-sexualized nudity to overtly sexually themed camps, while the
Folsom Street FairThe Folsom Street Fair is an annual BDSM and leather subculture street fair held on the last Sunday in September and caps San Francisco's "Leather Pride Week"...
held in San Francisco is a leather and
BDSMBDSM is a compound acronym derived from the terms bondage and discipline , dominance and submission , sadism and masochism ....
themed fair.
See also
- Bohemianism
Bohemianism is the practice of an unconventional lifestyle, often in the company of like-minded people, involving musical, artistic or literary pursuits, with few permanent ties...
and CountercultureCounterculture is a sociological term used to describe the values and norms of behavior of a cultural group, or subculture, that run counter to those of the social mainstream of the day, the cultural equivalent of political opposition...
- Culture jamming
Culture jamming is a tactic in which an activist attempts to disrupt or subvert mainstream cultural institutions or corporate advertising. Culture jamming is usually employed in opposition to a perceived appropriation of public space, or as a reaction against social conformity...
and Direct actionDirect action is politically motivated activity undertaken by individuals, groups, or governments to achieve political goals outside of normal social/political channels. Direct action can include nonviolent and violent activities which target persons, groups, or property deemed offensive to the...
and Flash mobA flash mob is a large group of people who assemble suddenly in a public place, perform an unusual action for a brief time, then quickly disperse. The term flash mob is generally applied only to gatherings organized via telecommunications, social media, or viral emails...
and Smart mobA smart mob is a form of self-structuring social organization through technology-mediated, intelligent emergent behavior. The concept was introduced by Howard Rheingold in his book Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution. According to Rheingold, smart mobs are an indication of the evolving...
- Nudity in combat
Nudity in combat is the practice of entering combat without clothing and armor. It is rarely practiced because, apart from the social aspects of nudity, the combatant lacks even the basic protection of clothes, e.g. when diving for cover, or crawling...
- Intimate parts
- Nudism
- Public display of affection
A public display of affection is the physical demonstration of affection for another person while in the view of others. Holding hands or kissing in public are commonly considered to be unobjectionable forms of public displays of affection; however, what is considered objectionable depends on the...
Further reading
- The Offense of Public Nudity by Mark Storey
Mark Storey is a board member of the Naturist Action Committee and has testified at anti-nudity legislation hearings all over the United States....
- Naturism and Civil Disobedience by Mark Storey
Mark Storey is a board member of the Naturist Action Committee and has testified at anti-nudity legislation hearings all over the United States....
- Nude & Natural
Nude & Natural: The Magazine Of Naturist Living or simply Magazine is a quarterly 100+ page naturist magazine published by The Naturist Society in Oshkosh, Wisconsin and distributed throughout the United States and internationally...
20.4 Summer 2001. Article by Jim Meyer on TFTBYThe Freedom to be Yourself campaign or was founded in 1999 by Vincent Bethell. The group, according to Vincent Bethell is about "the right to be naked in public"...
titled Vincent's Vision: Is Vincent Bethell a menace to decent society? Or the best thing to happen to naturism in years?. Includes an interview with Vincent Bethell. Seven pages with ten pictures.
- Nude & Natural
Nude & Natural: The Magazine Of Naturist Living or simply Magazine is a quarterly 100+ page naturist magazine published by The Naturist Society in Oshkosh, Wisconsin and distributed throughout the United States and internationally...
21.2 Winter 2002. The Bethell Approach: A Protest Colloquy/The Bethell Approach: Is the Time for Mass Nude Protests Upon Us? Includes statements by Vincent Bethell, Mark Nisbet, Cec Cinder, Paul Rapoport, Les Rootsey, Morley Shloss, T.A. Wyner, and Mark Storey. Eight Pages, four pictures. Briefly Noted Vincent Victorious.
- Nude & Natural
Nude & Natural: The Magazine Of Naturist Living or simply Magazine is a quarterly 100+ page naturist magazine published by The Naturist Society in Oshkosh, Wisconsin and distributed throughout the United States and internationally...
Vol 21.3: 24-28, Spring 2002.Terri Sue WebbTerri Sue Webb is an activist living in Bend, Oregon, who was one of few activists in the United States active in The Freedom to be Yourself campaign. She has been imprisoned and released multiple times for public nudity. On several occasions, she has remained fully nude while incarcerated, often...
: An American Bethell/Beyond Safe Havens: Oregon's Terri Sue Webb (written by Daniel JohnsonDaniel Lorenz Johnson is an American permaculturist, artist, activist, community organizer and writer who has worked for the advancement of various progressive/social liberalist causes through interdisciplinary, collaborative projects involving grassroots politics, media art and popular culture...
).
- Nude & Natural
Nude & Natural: The Magazine Of Naturist Living or simply Magazine is a quarterly 100+ page naturist magazine published by The Naturist Society in Oshkosh, Wisconsin and distributed throughout the United States and internationally...
Vol 23.4: 73, Summer 2004.Takin' It to the Streets: The Cutting Edge of Naturism by Mark StoreyMark Storey is a board member of the Naturist Action Committee and has testified at anti-nudity legislation hearings all over the United States....
. Mark claims "The future of naturism is on public lands. To gain naturist freedoms on public lands will require getting naked in public".
- Nude & Natural
Nude & Natural: The Magazine Of Naturist Living or simply Magazine is a quarterly 100+ page naturist magazine published by The Naturist Society in Oshkosh, Wisconsin and distributed throughout the United States and internationally...
magazine issues 12.2, 12.3, 13.1 for coverage of Andrew MartinezLuis Andrew Martinez commonly known as Andrew Martinez, was an activist who achieved fame at the University of California, Berkeley, where he was known as The Naked Guy.-Early fame:...
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