Ptolemy II Philadelphus

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Ptolemy II Philadelphus

Ptolemy II Philadelphus (Greek

Greek language

Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....
: , Ptolemaios Philádelphos, which means "Ptolemy the brother-love", 309 BC–246 BC), was the king of Ptolemaic Egypt

Ptolemaic Egypt

Ptolemaic Egypt began when Ptolemy I Soter declared himself Pharaoh of Egypt in 305 BC and ended with the death of queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt and the Aegyptus in 30 BC....
from 283 BC to 246 BC. He was the son of the founder of the Ptolemaic kingdom Ptolemy I Soter

Ptolemy I Soter

Ptolemy I Soter was a Macedonian general under Alexander the Great who became ruler of Egypt and founder of both the Ptolemaic Kingdom and the Ptolemaic Dynasty....
and Berenice

Berenice I of Egypt

Berenice I, daughter of Magas, was first the wife of Philip, an obscure Macedon nobleman, with whom she gave birth to the future Magas of Cyrene....
, and was educated by Philitas of Cos

Philitas of Cos

Philitas or Philetas of Cos was a scholar and poet during the early Hellenistic period of ancient Greece. A Greek associated with Alexandria, he flourished in the second half of the 4th century BC and was appointed tutor to the heir to the throne of Ptolemaic Egypt....
. He had two half-brothers, Ptolemy Keraunos

Ptolemy Keraunos

Ptolemy Keraunos was the King of Macedon from 281 BC to 279 BC.He was the eldest son of Ptolemy I Soter and his first wife Eurydice . His younger half-brother, also called Ptolemy, became heir apparent and, in 282 BC, ascended to the throne as Ptolemy II Philadelphus....
and Meleager

Meleager (king)

Meleager of Macedon was the brother of Ptolemy Ceraunus and son of Ptolemy I Soter. Meleager ruled in 279 BC for two months before being deposed....
who both became kings of Macedonia

Macedon

Macedon or Macedonia was the name of a monarchy centred in the northernmost part of ancient Greece. The homeland of the ancient Macedonians, it was bordered by the kingdom of Epirus to the west and the region of Thrace to the east....
(in 281 BC and 279 BC respectively), and both died in the Gallic invasion of 280-279 BC (see Brennus).

egan his reign as co-regent with his father Ptolemy I

Ptolemy I Soter

Ptolemy I Soter was a Macedonian general under Alexander the Great who became ruler of Egypt and founder of both the Ptolemaic Kingdom and the Ptolemaic Dynasty....
from ca.

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Ptolemy II Philadelphus (Greek

Greek language

Ptolemaic Egypt

Ptolemy I Soter

Ptolemy I Soter was a Macedonian general under Alexander the Great who became ruler of Egypt and founder of both the Ptolemaic Kingdom and the Ptolemaic Dynasty....
and Berenice

Berenice I of Egypt

Berenice I, daughter of Magas, was first the wife of Philip, an obscure Macedon nobleman, with whom she gave birth to the future Magas of Cyrene....
, and was educated by Philitas of Cos

Philitas of Cos

Ptolemy Keraunos

Meleager (king)

Meleager of Macedon was the brother of Ptolemy Ceraunus and son of Ptolemy I Soter. Meleager ruled in 279 BC for two months before being deposed....
who both became kings of Macedonia

Macedon

Reign

He began his reign as co-regent with his father Ptolemy I

Ptolemy I Soter

Ptolemy I Soter was a Macedonian general under Alexander the Great who became ruler of Egypt and founder of both the Ptolemaic Kingdom and the Ptolemaic Dynasty....
from ca. 290 BC–ca. 283 BC, and maintained a splendid court in Alexandria.

Egypt was involved in several wars during his reign. Magas of Cyrene

Magas of Cyrene

Magas of Cyrene was a Greek king of Cyrenaica . He managed to wrestle independence for Cyrene from the Greek Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt. Magas was the son of Berenice I of Egypt and Philip, a Macedonian noble man, before Berenice remarried with the powerful Ptolemy I Soter, founder of the Greek Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt....
opened war on his half-brother (274 BC), and the Seleucid

Seleucid Empire

The Seleucid Empire /s?'lus?d/ was a Hellenistic empire, i.e. a successor state of Alexander the Great's empire. The Seleucid Empire was centered in the near East and at the height of its power included central Anatolia, the Levant, Mesopotamia, Persia, today's Turkmenistan, Pamir Mountains and parts of Pakistan....
king Antiochus I Soter

Antiochus I Soter

Antiochus I Soter , was a king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. He reigned from 281 BC - 261 BC.Antiochus I was half Persians, his mother Apama being one of the eastern princesses whom Alexander the Great had given as wives to his generals in 324 BC....
, desiring Coele-Syria

Coele-Syria

Coele-Syria, meaning 'hollow' Syria, was the region of southern Syria disputed between the Seleucid dynasty and the Ptolemaic dynasty. Strictly speaking, it is the Beqaa Valley of Lebanon, but it is often used to cover the entire area south of the An Nahr al Kabir including Judea....
with Judea

Judea

Judea or Jud?a is the name given to the mountainous southern part of the historic Land of Israel , an area now divided between Israel and the West Bank ....
, attacked soon after in the First Syrian War

Syrian Wars

The Syrian Wars were a series of six wars between the Seleucid Empire and the Ptolemaic Egypt during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC over the region of Coele-Syria, one of the few avenues into Egypt....
. Two or three years of war followed. Egypt's victories solidified the kingdom's position as the undisputed naval power of the eastern Mediterranean; the Ptolemaic sphere of power extended over the Cyclades

Cyclades

The Cyclades are a Greece island group in the Aegean Sea, south-east of the mainland of Greece; and an administrative prefectures of Greece of Greece....
to Samothrace

Samothrace

Samothrace is a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea. It is a self-governing deme in the prefecture of Evros, Greece. The island is long and is in size and has a population of 2,723 ....
, and the harbours and coast towns of Cilicia Trachea, Pamphylia

Pamphylia

In ancient geography, Pamphylia was the region in the south of Asia Minor, between Lycia and Cilicia, extending from the Mediterranean Sea to Mount Taurus ....
, Lycia

Lycia

Lycia was a region in Anatolia in what are now the Provinces of Turkey of Antalya Province and Mugla Province on the southern coast of Turkey. It was a federation of ancient cities in the region and later a Roman province of the Roman Empire....
and Caria

Caria

Caria was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid-Ionia south to Lycia and east to Phrygia. The Ionians and Dorians Greeks colonized the west of it and joined the Carian population in forming Greek-dominated states there....
.

The victory won by Antigonus II Gonatas

Antigonus II Gonatas

Antigonus II Gonatas was a powerful ruler who firmly established the Antigonid dynasty in Macedonia and acquired fame for his victory over the Gauls who had invaded the Balkans....
, king of Macedonia, over the Egyptian fleet at Cos

Kos

Kos or Cos is a Greece island in the south Sporades group of the Dodecanese, next to the Gulf of G?kova. It measures 40 km by 8 km, and is only 4 km from the coast of Bodrum, Turkey and the ancient region of Caria....
(between 258 BC and 256 BC) did not long interrupt Ptolemy's command of the Aegean Sea

Aegean Sea

The Aegean Sea is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea located between the southern Balkans and Anatolian peninsulas, i.e., between the mainlands of Greece and Turkey respectively....
. In a Second Syrian War

Syrian Wars

Antiochus II Theos

Antiochus II Theos , was a king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Kingdom who reigned 261 BC–246 BC). He succeeded his father Antiochus I Soter in the winter of 262-61 BC....
(after 260 BC), Ptolemy sustained losses on the seaboard of Asia Minor and agreed to a peace by which Antiochus married his daughter Berenice

Berenice (Seleucid queen)

Berenice, also called Berenice Syra, was the daughter of Ptolemy II Philadelphus and his first wife Arsinoe I of Egypt.In 261 BC she married the Seleucid dynasty monarch Antiochus II Theos, who, following an agreement with Ptolemy , had divorced his wife Laodice I and transferred the succession to Berenice's children....
(c. 250 BC).

Ptolemy's first wife, Arsinoë I

Arsinoe I of Egypt

Arsinoe I was queen regnant of Egypt 284 BC/281 BC-ca. 274 BC and first wife of Ptolemy II of Egypt.Arsinoe I was the daughter of Lysimachus, king of Thrace, Asia Minor and Macedonia....
, daughter of Lysimachus

Lysimachus

Lysimachus was a Macedonian officer and Diadochi of Alexander the Great, who became a basileus in 306 BCE, ruling Thrace, Anatolia andMacedonia....
, was the mother of his legitimate children. After her repudiation he married his full-sister Arsinoë II

Arsinoe II of Egypt

Arsinoe II , was queen of Thrace, Asia Minor and Macedonia as wife of King Lysimachus , and later co-ruler of Egypt with her brother and husband Ptolemy II Philadelphus ....
, the widow of Lysimachus

Lysimachus

Lysimachus was a Macedonian officer and Diadochi of Alexander the Great, who became a basileus in 306 BCE, ruling Thrace, Anatolia andMacedonia....
, by an Egyptian custom abhorrent to Greek morality; probably for political reasons in complying with the custom.

Ptolemy II Philadelphus

Reign

Court