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Proton conductor
 
 
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A proton conductor is an electrolyte
Electrolyte

An electrolyte is any substance containing free ions that behaves as an electrical conductor medium. Because they generally consist of ions in solution, electrolytes are also known as ionic solutions, but molten electrolytes and solid electrolytes are also possible....
, typically a solid electrolyte, in which movable hydrogen ion
Hydrogen ion

Hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished:...
s (protons) are the primary charge carriers.

on conductors are usually composed of polymer or ceramic because the pore size is small enough that larger negative ions are locked into the solid matrix, and only very small ions (positive hydrogen ions — bare proton
Proton

The proton is a subatomic particle with an electric charge of +1 elementary charge. It is found in the nucleus of each atom but is also stable by itself and has a second identity as the hydrogen ion, H+....
s) can participate in a direct current
Direct current

Direct current is the unidirectional flow of electric charge. Direct current is produced by such sources as battery , thermocouples, solar cells, and commutator-type electric machines of the dynamo type....
.

Proton conductors are usually solid materials.






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Encyclopedia


A proton conductor is an electrolyte
Electrolyte

An electrolyte is any substance containing free ions that behaves as an electrical conductor medium. Because they generally consist of ions in solution, electrolytes are also known as ionic solutions, but molten electrolytes and solid electrolytes are also possible....
, typically a solid electrolyte, in which movable hydrogen ion
Hydrogen ion

Hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished:...
s (protons) are the primary charge carriers.

Composition

Proton conductors are usually composed of polymer or ceramic because the pore size is small enough that larger negative ions are locked into the solid matrix, and only very small ions (positive hydrogen ions — bare proton
Proton

The proton is a subatomic particle with an electric charge of +1 elementary charge. It is found in the nucleus of each atom but is also stable by itself and has a second identity as the hydrogen ion, H+....
s) can participate in a direct current
Direct current

Direct current is the unidirectional flow of electric charge. Direct current is produced by such sources as battery , thermocouples, solar cells, and commutator-type electric machines of the dynamo type....
.

Proton conductors are usually solid materials. When in the form of thin membrane
Proton exchange membrane

A proton exchange membrane or polymer electrolyte membrane is a semipermeable membrane generally made from ionomers and designed to proton conductor while being impermeable to gases such as oxygen or hydrogen....
s, proton conductors are an essential part of small, inexpensive fuel cells
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells, also known as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells , are a type of fuel cell being developed for transport applications as well as for stationary fuel cell applications and portable fuel cell applications....
.

Water as ice
Ice

Ice is a solid phases of matter, usually crystalline solid, of a non-metallic substance that is liquid or gas at room temperature, such as ammonia ice or methane ice....
 is one example of a common proton conductor, albeit a poor one.

Proton conduction was first suggested by Alfred Rene Jean Paul Ubbelohde (14 December 1907 - 7 January 1988) and S.E. Rogers.

See also

  • Electrical conduction
    Electrical conduction

    Electrical conduction is the movement of electric charge particles through a transmission medium . The movement of charge constitutes an Current ....
  • Proton exchange membrane
    Proton exchange membrane

    A proton exchange membrane or polymer electrolyte membrane is a semipermeable membrane generally made from ionomers and designed to proton conductor while being impermeable to gases such as oxygen or hydrogen....
  • Grotthuss mechanism
    Grotthuss mechanism

    The Grotthuss Mechanism is the mechanism by which an 'excess' proton or protonic defect diffuses through the hydrogen bond network of water molecules or other hydrogen-bonded liquids through the formation/cleavage of covalent bonds....