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Proto-Iranian
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Proto-Iranian, is the reconstructed proto-language of the Iranian languages branch of Indo-European language family. Its speakers, the hypothetical Proto-Iranians, are assumed to have lived in the early 2nd millennium BC, and are usually connected with the Proto-Indo-Iranians and early Andronovo archaeological horizon.
Proto-Iranian was a Satem language, likely removed less than two millennia from the late Proto-Indo-European language, and in turn removed less than a millennium from the Avestan language.
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Encyclopedia
Proto-Iranian, is the reconstructed proto-language of the Iranian languages branch of Indo-European language family. Its speakers, the hypothetical Proto-Iranians, are assumed to have lived in the early 2nd millennium BC, and are usually connected with the Proto-Indo-Iranians and early Andronovo archaeological horizon.
Proto-Iranian was a Satem language, likely removed less than two millennia from the late Proto-Indo-European language, and in turn removed less than a millennium from the Avestan language. It is the ancestor of the Iranian languages such as Persian, Sogdian, Zazaki, Mazandarani, Kurdish and others.
Proto-Indo-European and Indo-Iranian Phonological Correspondences
| PIE | Av | PIE | Av |
|---|
| *p | > | p | *ph?ater "father" | pitar- "father" | | *bh | > | b | *bhréhater "brother" | bratar- "brother | | *t | > | t | *tuhxóm "thou" | tv?m "thou" | | *d | > | d | *doru "wood" | dar- "wood" | | *dh | > | d | *dhohxneha- "grain" | dana- "grain" | | *k^ | > | s | *dék^m? "ten" | dasa "ten" | | *g | > | z | *gónu "knee" | zanu- "knee" | | *gh | > | z | *ghimós "cold" | z?maka- "winterstorm" | | *k | > | x ~ c | *kruharós "bloody" | xrura- "bloody" | | *g | > | g ~ z | *haéuges- "strength" | aojah "strength" | | *gh | > | g ~ z | *dl?hxghós "long" | dar?ga- "long" | | *kw | > | k ~ c | *kwós "who" | ko "who" | | *gw | > | g ~ j | *gwou- "cow" | gau- "cow" |
| Proto-Indo-Iranian | Old Iranian (OP, Av) | Vedic Sanskrit |
|---|
| *açva ("horse") | Av, OP aspa | asva | | *bhag- | OP baj- (baji; "tribute") | bhag- (bhaga) | | *bhratr- ("brother") | OP bratar | bhrat? | | *bhumi ("earth", "land") | OP bumi | bhumi | | *martya ("mortal, "man") | OP martya | martya | | *masa ("moon") | OP maha | masa | | *vasara ("early") | OP vahara ("spring") | vasara ("morning") | | *arta ("truth") | Av aša, OP arta | ?ta | | *draugh- ("falsehood") | Av druj, OP draug- | druh- | | *sauma "pressed (juice)" | Av haoma | soma |
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