Propyl

In organic chemistry

Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is a discipline within chemistry which involves the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds that contain carbon...

, propyl is a three-carbon

Carbon

Carbon is the chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds...

 alkyl

Alkyl

In chemistry, an alkyl group is a hydrocarbon; typically an alkyl is a part of a larger molecule. The term is usually used loosely; there is no general formula for an alkyl group. In structural formulae, an alkyl group is represented with an R. Usually, alkyl groups resemble hydrocarbons, but...

 substituent

Substituent

In organic chemistry and biochemistry, a substituent is an atom or group of atoms substituted in place of a hydrogen atom on the parent chain of a hydrocarbon...

 with chemical formula

Chemical formula

A chemical formula or molecular formula is a way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound....

 -C

Carbon

Carbon is the chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds...

₃H

Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly flammable diatomic gas with the molecular formula H₂...

₇. It is the substituent form of the alkane

Alkane

Alkanes, also known as paraffins, are chemical compounds that consist only of the elements carbon and hydrogen , wherein these atoms are linked together exclusively by single bonds without any cyclic structure...

 propane

Propane

Propane is a three-carbon alkane, normally a gas, but compressible to a transportable liquid. It is derived from other petroleum products during oil or natural gas processing...

.

For example:
This is propyl ethanoate, an ester

Ester

Esters are chemical compounds derived by reacting an oxoacid with a hydroxyl compound such as an alcohol or phenol. Esters are usually derived from an inorganic acid or organic acid in which at least one -OH group is replaced by an -O-alkyl group, and most commonly from carboxylic acids and...

. The propyl group is attached to the molecule after the middle oxygen.

There are two isomer

Isomer

In chemistry, isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. The word is derived from the Greek ισομερης, isomerès; isos = "equal", méros = "part"....

ic forms of propyl:

• with the substituent attached to one of the end carbons (called prop-1-yl in the IUPAC nomenclature
  IUPAC nomenclature
  IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. It is developed and kept up to date under the auspices of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ....
  
  , or n-propyl (Pr-n) in the old naming system); and
• with the substituent attached to the middle carbon (called methylethyl in the IUPAC system, or isopropyl
  Isopropyl
  In organic chemistry, isopropyl is a substituent form of propane, the three-carbon alkyl functional group. As an isomer of propyl, bonding to an R group occurs at the secondary carbon....
  
   in the old system).

In addition there is a third, cyclic, form called cyclopropyl, or c-propyl.

In organic chemistry

Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is a discipline within chemistry which involves the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds that contain carbon...

, propyl is a three-carbon

Carbon

Carbon is the chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds...

 alkyl

Alkyl

In chemistry, an alkyl group is a hydrocarbon; typically an alkyl is a part of a larger molecule. The term is usually used loosely; there is no general formula for an alkyl group. In structural formulae, an alkyl group is represented with an R. Usually, alkyl groups resemble hydrocarbons, but...

 substituent

Substituent

In organic chemistry and biochemistry, a substituent is an atom or group of atoms substituted in place of a hydrogen atom on the parent chain of a hydrocarbon...

 with chemical formula

Chemical formula

A chemical formula or molecular formula is a way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound....

 -C

Carbon

Carbon is the chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds...

₃H

Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly flammable diatomic gas with the molecular formula H₂...

₇. It is the substituent form of the alkane

Alkane

Alkanes, also known as paraffins, are chemical compounds that consist only of the elements carbon and hydrogen , wherein these atoms are linked together exclusively by single bonds without any cyclic structure...

 propane

Propane

Propane is a three-carbon alkane, normally a gas, but compressible to a transportable liquid. It is derived from other petroleum products during oil or natural gas processing...

.

For example:
This is propyl ethanoate, an ester

Ester

Esters are chemical compounds derived by reacting an oxoacid with a hydroxyl compound such as an alcohol or phenol. Esters are usually derived from an inorganic acid or organic acid in which at least one -OH group is replaced by an -O-alkyl group, and most commonly from carboxylic acids and...

. The propyl group is attached to the molecule after the middle oxygen.

There are two isomer

Isomer

In chemistry, isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. The word is derived from the Greek ισομερης, isomerès; isos = "equal", méros = "part"....

ic forms of propyl:

• with the substituent attached to one of the end carbons (called prop-1-yl in the IUPAC nomenclature
  IUPAC nomenclature
  IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. It is developed and kept up to date under the auspices of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ....
  
  , or n-propyl (Pr-n) in the old naming system); and
• with the substituent attached to the middle carbon (called methylethyl in the IUPAC system, or isopropyl
  Isopropyl
  In organic chemistry, isopropyl is a substituent form of propane, the three-carbon alkyl functional group. As an isomer of propyl, bonding to an R group occurs at the secondary carbon....
  
   in the old system).

In addition there is a third, cyclic, form called cyclopropyl, or c-propyl. It is not isomeric with the other two forms, having the chemical formula -C

Carbon

Carbon is the chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds...

₃H

Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly flammable diatomic gas with the molecular formula H₂...

₅.