Prince of Asturias Awards

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Arts

• 1981: Jesús López Cobos
• 1982: Pablo Serrano
• 1983: Eusebio Sempere
• 1984: Orfeón Donostiarra
  Orfeón Donostiarra
  
  The Orfe?n Donostiarra is one of the major concert choirs of Europe. The Chorus was formed in 1897 and it is based in San Sebasti?n, Basque Country , Spain....
  
• 1985: Antonio López García
  Antonio López García
  
  Antonio L?pez Garc?a is a Spain painter and sculptor, known for his realistic style. He is criticized by some art critics for neo-academism, but praised by others, like Robert Studley Forrest Hughes, who consider him a master realist....
  
• 1986: Luis García Berlanga
  Luis García Berlanga
  
  Luis Garc?a Berlanga is a Spain film director and screenwriter.When young, he decided to study Philosophy but his true vocation pushed him to enter in 1947 the Institute of Cinematographic Investigations and experiences in Madrid....
  
• 1987: Eduardo Chillida
  Eduardo Chillida
  
  Eduardo Chillida Juantegui was a Spain Basque people sculpture notable for his monumental abstract works. He received the prestigious Wolf Prize in Sculpture in 1985....
  
• 1988: Jorge Oteiza
  Jorge Oteiza
  
  Jorge Oteiza Enbil , was a Basque people sculpture, painting, designer and writing, renowned for being one of the main theorists on Basque modern art....
  
• 1989: Oscar Niemeyer
  Oscar Niemeyer
  
  Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho is a Brazilian architect who is considered one of the most important names in international modern architecture....
  
• 1990: Antonio Tàpies
• 1991: Alfredo Kraus
  Alfredo Kraus
  
  Alfredo Kraus Trujillo was a distinguished Spanish people tenor of Austrian descent, particularly known for the artistry he brought to opera's bel canto roles....
  , José Carreras
  José Carreras
  
  Josep Maria Carreras i Coll , better known as Jos? Carreras, is a Spain Catalonia tenor. One of the most prominent opera singers of his generation, and particularly eminent in the operas of Verdi and Puccini, his career has encompassed over 60 roles on stage and in the recording studio....
  , Teresa Berganza
  Teresa Berganza
  
  The Spanish opera singer Teresa Berganza is one of the foremost mezzo-sopranos of the third quarter of the 20th century. She is most closely associated with the roles of Gioachino Rossini, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Georges Bizet....
  , Pilar Lorengar
  Pilar Lorengar
  
  Lorenza Pilar Garc?a Seta was a Spain soprano who used the professional name Pilar Lorengar. She was best known for her interpretations of opera and the Spanish genre Zarzuela, and as a soprano she was known for her full register as well as a distinctive vibrato....
  , Plácido Domingo
  Plácido Domingo
  
  Jos? Pl?cido Domingo Embil Order of the British Empire , better known as Pl?cido Domingo, is a Spanish tenor, known for his versatile and strong voice, possessing a ringing and dramatic tone throughout its range....
  , Montserrat Caballé
  Montserrat Caballé
  
  Montserrat Caball? is a Spain Catalan people operaticsoprano. One of the greatest sopranos of the 20th century,she possesses a voice of remarkable beauty and of great range...
   and Victoria de los Ángeles
  Victoria de los Ángeles
  
  Victoria de los ?ngeles was a Spanish operatic soprano and recitalist from Catalonia whose career began in the early 1940s and reached its height in the mid 1960s....
  
• 1992: Roberto Matta
  Roberto Matta
  
  Roberto Antonio Sebasti?n Matta Echaurren , usually known as Matta, was one of Chile's and France's and America's best-known Paintings and a seminal figure in 20th century art....
  
• 1993: Francisco Javier Sáenz de Oiza
• 1994: Alicia de Larrocha
  Alicia de Larrocha
  
  Alicia de Larrocha y de la Calle is a Spain pianist, considered one of the greatest of her generation.She was born in Barcelona, and began studying piano with Frank Marshall in Spain at age three....
  
• 1995: Fernando Fernán-Gómez
• 1996: Joaquín Rodrigo
  Joaquín Rodrigo
  
  Joaqu?n Rodrigo Vidre was a composer of european classical music and a virtuoso pianist. Despite being blind from an early age, he achieved great success....
  
• 1997: Vittorio Gassmann
• 1998: Sebastião Salgado
  Sebastião Salgado
  
  Sebasti?o Salgado is a Brazilian Documentary photography Photography and Photojournalism.After a somewhat itinerant childhood, Salgado initially trained as an economist, earning a master?s degree in economics from the University of S?o Paulo in Brazil....
  
• 1999: Santiago Calatrava
  Santiago Calatrava
  
  Santiago Calatrava Valls is an internationally recognized and award-winning Valencian Community Spain architect, sculptor and structural engineer whose principal office is in Zurich, Switzerland....
  
• 2000: Barbara Hendricks
  Barbara Hendricks
  
  Barbara Hendricks is an American-born operatic soprano and concert singer. She is also known for her work as a human rights activist. Hendricks is currently a citizen of Sweden....
  
• 2001: Krzysztof Penderecki
  Krzysztof Penderecki
  
  Krzysztof Penderecki is a Poland composer and conducting of European classical music....
  
• 2002: Woody Allen
  Woody Allen
  
  Woody Allen is an Cinema of the United States film director, writer, actor, comedian, musician and playwright.Allen's distinctive films, which run the gamut from dramas to Screwball comedy film, have made him one of the most respected living American directors....
  
• 2003: Miquel Barceló
  Miquel Barcelo
  
  Miquel Barcelo is a Spanish painter, born in 1957, in Felanitx, Majorca. He studied in GH Barcelona. His work is realist and abstract. In paintings such as Biblioteca, his brushstrokes are violent and the image is stern....
  
• 2004: Paco de Lucía
  Paco de Lucía
  
  Paco de Luc?a, born Francisco S?nchez G?mez , is a Spain composer and guitarist. Recognized as a virtuoso flamenco guitarist all over the world, he is a leading proponent of the New Flamenco style, and is one of the very few flamenco guitarists who have also successfully crossed over into other genres of music....
  
• 2005: Maya Plisetskaya and Tamara Rojo
  Tamara Rojo
  
  Tamara Rojo is a Spain prima ballerina, and is currently a Principal Dancer with the Royal Ballet in London.Tamara was born in Montreal, Canada to Spain parents who moved back to Spain when she was four months old....
  
• 2006: Pedro Almodóvar
  Pedro Almodóvar
  
  Pedro Almod?var Caballero is a Spanish film director, screenwriter and Film producer.Almod?var is arguably the most successful and internationally known Spanish filmmaker of his generation....
  
• 2007: Bob Dylan
• 2008: Sistema de Orquesta Juvenil e Infantil de Venezuela

Communications and Humanities

• 1981: María Zambrano
  María Zambrano
  
  Mar?a Zambrano Alarc?n was a Spain essayist and philosophy.Zambrano studied under and was influenced by Jos? Ortega y Gasset and went on to teach Metaphysics at Madrid University from 1931 to 1936....
  
• 1982: Mario Bunge
  Mario Bunge
  
  Mario Augusto Bunge is an Argentina philosophy and physics mainly active in Canada....
  
• 1983: El País
  El País
  
  El Pa?s is the most widely-circulated daily newspaper in Spain. According to the 2005 Estudio General de Medios , it has about 2.1 million readers; El Mundo is second with an estimated 1.29 million readers....
   newspaper
• 1984: Claudio Sánchez Albornoz
• 1985: José Ferrater Mora
• 1986: O Globo
  O Globo
  
  O Globo is a Brazilian newspaper based in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. O Globo is the most prominent print publication in the Roberto Marinho's Brazilian media conglomerate....
  
• 1987: El Espectador
  El Espectador
  
  El Espectador is a newspaper with national circulation within Colombia, founded by Fidel Cano Guti?rrez on 22 March 1887 in Medell?n and published since 1915 in Bogot?....
   newspaper and El Tiempo
  El Tiempo
  
  El Tiempo is the highest circulation daily newspaper in Colombia and a non-tabloid daily with national distribution. , it had an average weekday circulation of 314,000, rising to 453,000 for the Sunday edition....
   newspaper
• 1988: Horacio Sáenz Guerrero
• 1989: Fondo de Cultura Económica
  Fondo de Cultura Económica
  
  Fondo de Cultura Econ?mica is the most important publishing house in Mexico and one of the most important ones in Latin America. It was originally established in 1934 by Daniel Cos?o Villegas as a way to provide students of economics with books in Spanish language on the subject....
   and Pedro Laín Entralgo
  Pedro Laín Entralgo
  
  Pedro La?n Entralgo is an outstanding Spanish medical researcher and humanist of the 20th century. He won the Prince of Asturias award in 1989 for Communication and Humanities....
  
• 1990: José Simeón Cañas University
• 1991: Luis María Anson
• 1992: Emilio García Gómez
  Emilio García Gómez
  
  Emilio Garc?a G?mez was a Spain Arabist, literary historian and critic, whose talent as a poet enriched his many translations from Arabic language....
  
• 1993: Revista Vuelta
  Vuelta (magazine)
  
  Vuelta was a Mexican literary magazine, founded by poet Octavio Paz in 1976 following the controversial dismantling of the workers' cooperative that ran the daily newspaper Exc?lsior....
  
• 1994: Spanish Mission
  Mission (Christian)
  
  A Christianity mission has been widely defined, since the Lausanne Congress of 1974, as that which is designed "to form a viable indigenous Christian Church-planting and world changing movement." This definition is motivated by a Christian theology imperative theme of the Bible to make God known, as outlined in the Great Commission....
  s in Rwanda
  Rwanda
  
  The Republic of Rwanda is a small landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of east-central Africa, bordered by Uganda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania....
   and Burundi
  Burundi
  
  Burundi , officially the Republic of Burundi, is a small country in the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the south and east, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west....
  
• 1995: José Luis López Aranguren and EFE
  EFE
  
  EFE is a Spanish news agency created in 1939 by Ram?n Serrano S??er and Manuel Aznar Zubigaray while the former was Spain's minister of the press and propaganda....
   Agency
• 1996: Indro Montanelli
  Indro Montanelli
  
  Indro Montanelli was an Italian journalist and historian, known for his new approach to writing history in books such as History of the Greeks and History of Rome ....
   and Julián Marías
  Julián Marías
  
  Juli?n Mar?as Aguilera , was a Spain philosophy. His History of Philosophy is widely accepted as the greatest work written in Spanish language on the subject of the history of philosophy ....
  
• 1997: CNN
  CNN
  
  Cable News Network, almost always referred to by its initialism CNN, is a major US Cable News Network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. Upon its launch, CNN was the first station to provide 24-hour television news coverage, and the first all-news television network in the United States....
   and Václav Havel
  Václav Havel
  
  V?clav Havel is a Czechs playwright, writer and politician. He was the tenth and last List of Presidents of Czechoslovakia of Czechoslovakia and the first List of presidents of the Czech Republic ....
  
• 1998: Reinhard Mohn
  Reinhard Mohn
  
  Reinhard Mohn . Retired from media conglomerate Bertelsmann which his family owns. He received an honorary doctorate from the University of M?nster....
  
• 1999: Instituto Caro y Cuervo
  Instituto Caro y Cuervo
  
  The Instituto Caro y Cuervo is an educative center specialized in Spanish language literature, philology and linguistics, oriented to research and promotion of the reading habits in Colombia....
  
• 2000: Umberto Eco
  Umberto Eco
  
  Umberto Eco is an Italy medievalist, Semiotics, philosopher, Literary criticism and novelist, best known for his novel The Name of the Rose , an intellectual mystery combining semiotics in fiction, biblical analysis, medieval studies and literary theory....
  
• 2001: George Steiner
  George Steiner
  
  Francis George Steiner , is an influential European-born United States literary critic, essayist, philosopher, novelist, Translation, and Education....
  
• 2002: Hans Magnus Enzensberger
  Hans Magnus Enzensberger
  
  Hans Magnus Enzensberger , is a German author, poet, translator, and editor. He has also written under the pseudonym Andreas Thalmayr. He lives in Munich....
  
• 2003: Ryszard Kapuscinski
  Ryszard Kapuscinski
  
  Ryszard Kapuscinski was a popular Poland journalist, author, publicist, photographer and Poetry, at both home and abroad. Born in Pinsk, a city formerly located in the Kresy of the Second Polish Republic, and now belonging to Belarus, Kapuscinski is generally thought of as the leading Polish journalist of his time....
   and Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino
• 2004: Jean Daniel
  Jean Daniel
  
  Jean Daniel, is an Algerian-born Jews of France journalist and author. He is the founder and executive editor of Le Nouvel Observateur weekly....
  
• 2005: Alliance française
  Alliance française
  
  The Alliance Fran?aise is an organisation whose mission is to promote French language and French culture outside France. Its primary concern is teaching French as a second language....
  , Società Dante Alighieri, British Council
  British Council
  
  The British Council is a Quango based in the United Kingdom which specialises in international educational and cultural opportunities. It is a non-departmental public body, a public corporation incorporated by royal charter, and is registered as a charity in England....
  , Goethe-Institut
  Goethe-Institut
  
  The Goethe-Institut is a non-profit Germany culture institution operational worldwide, promoting the study of the German language abroad and encouraging international cultural exchange and relations....
  , Instituto Cervantes
  Instituto Cervantes
  
  The Cervantes Institute is a worldwide non-profit organization created by the Spanish government in 1991. It is named after Miguel de Cervantes , the author of Don Quixote and perhaps the most important figure in the history of Spanish literature....
   and Instituto Camões
  Instituto Camões
  
  The Instituto Cam?es is an institution created for the promotion of the Portuguese language and culture world-wide. The Instituto Cam?es has administrative and patrimonial autonomy, that, under the supervision of the Portugal Minister of the Foreign Affairs, assures the co-ordination and execution of the external cultural policies of Portuga...
  
• 2006: National Geographic Society
  National Geographic Society
  
  The National Geographic Society , headquartered in Washington, D.C. in the United States, is one of the largest non-profit scientific and educational institutions in the world....
  
• 2007: Nature
  Nature (journal)
  
  Nature is a prominent scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869. Although most scientific journals are now highly specialized, Nature is one of the few journals, along with other weekly journals such as Science and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, that still publishes original research articles ac...
   and Science
  Science (journal)
  
  Science is the academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and is considered one of the world's most prestigious scientific journals....
   journals
• 2008: Google
  Google
  
  Google Inc. is an United States public company, earning revenue from AdWords related to its Google search, Gmail, Google Maps, Google Apps, Orkut, and YouTube services as well as selling advertising-free versions of the Google Search Appliance....
  

International Cooperation

• 1981: José López Portillo
  José López Portillo
  
  Jos? L?pez Portillo y Pacheco was the President of Mexico of Mexico from 1976 to 1982.Born in Mexico City, L?pez Portillo studied Law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico before beginning his political career with the Institutional Revolutionary Party in 1959....
  
• 1982: Enrique V. Iglesias
  Enrique V. Iglesias
  
  Enrique Valent?n Iglesias Garc?a is an economist of Uruguayan-Spain dual citizenship. He was once president of the Inter-American Development Bank, an international institution dedicated to furthering economic development in the Western Hemisphere through investment and policy formulation....
  
• 1983: Belisario Betancur
  Belisario Betancur
  
  Belisario Betancur Cuartas is a Colombian statesman, the President of Colombia from 1982 to 1986....
  
• 1984: Contadora Group
  Contadora Group
  
  The Contadora Group was an initiative launched in the early 1980s by the foreign ministers of Colombia, Mexico, Panama and Venezuela to deal with the military conflicts in El Salvador, Nicaragua and Guatemala, which were threatening to destabilize the entire Central America region....
  
• 1985: Raúl Alfonsín
  Raúl Alfonsín
  
  Ra?l Ricardo Alfons?n is an Argentina politician and statesman, who was the President of Argentina from December 10, 1983 to July 8, 1989....
  
• 1986: Salamanca University and Coimbra University
• 1987: Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
  Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
  
  Javier P?rez de Cu?llar y de la Guerra is a Peruvian diplomat who served as the fifth United Nations Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1 1982 to December 31 1991....
  
• 1988: Óscar Arias
  Óscar Arias
  
  ?scar Rafael de Jes?s Arias S?nchez is the current List of Presidents of Costa Rica of Costa Rica, and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1987 for his efforts to end civil wars then raging in several Central American countries....
  ,Fatiha Boudiaf
  Fatiha Boudiaf
  
  Fatiha Boudiaf was married to former Algerian president Mohamed Boudiaf. After his assassination, she set up the Boudiaf Foundation to spread her husband's message of peace and to help Algerian widows....
  
• 1989: Jacques Delors
  Jacques Delors
  
  Jacques Lucien Jean Delors is a French economist and politician, the only person to have served two terms as President of the European Commission ....
   and Mikhail Gorbachev
  Mikhail Gorbachev
  
  Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev is a Russian politician. He was the last General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, serving from 1985 until 1991, and also the last head of state of the USSR, serving from 1988 until its collapse in 1991....
  
• 1990: Hans Dietrich Genscher
• 1991: UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees)
• 1992: Nelson Mandela
  Nelson Mandela
  
  Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was the first President of South Africa of South Africa to be elected in a universal suffrage democratic election, serving in the office from 1994?99....
   and Frederik Willem de Klerk
  Frederik Willem de Klerk
  
  Frederik Willem de Klerk was the last State President of History of South Africa in the apartheid era South Africa, serving from September 1989 to May 1994....
  
• 1993: United Nations
  United Nations
  
  The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, Social change, human rights and achieving world peace....
   Blue Berets stationed in Ex-Yugoslavia
  Yugoslavia
  
  File:LocationYugoslavia2.pngYugoslavia is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe, during most of the 20th century....
  
• 1994: Yasser Arafat
  Yasser Arafat
  
  Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini , popularly known as Yasser Arafat or by his Kunya Abu Ammar , was a Palestinian people leader....
   and Yitzhak Rabin
  Yitzhak Rabin
  
  was an Israeli politician and general. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms in office, 1974–1977 and 1992 until his assassination in 1995....
  
• 1995: Mário Soares
  Mário Soares
  
  M?rio Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, Order of the Tower and Sword, Order of Christ , Order of Liberty, Order of the Elephant , Portugal politician, served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as President of Portugal from 1986 to 1996....
  
• 1996: Helmut Kohl
  Helmut Kohl
  
  Helmut Josef Michael Kohl is a German conservative politician and statesman. He was Chancellor of Germany from 1982 to 1998 and the chairman of the Christian-Democratic Union of Germany from 1973 to 1998....
  
• 1997: Government of Guatemala
  Guatemala
  
  Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize and the Caribbean to the northeast, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast....
   and Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity
  Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity
  
  The Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity was a guerrilla warfare movement that emerged in Guatemala in 1982. After a conflict resolution brokered by the United Nations it laid down its arms in 1996 and became a legal political party in 1998....
  
• 1998: Fatiha Boudiaf
  Fatiha Boudiaf
  
  Fatiha Boudiaf was married to former Algerian president Mohamed Boudiaf. After his assassination, she set up the Boudiaf Foundation to spread her husband's message of peace and to help Algerian widows....
  , Olayinka Koso-Thomas
  Olayinka Koso-Thomas
  
  Olayinka Koso-Thomas is a Nigerian born doctor who lives in Sierra Leone. She is known internationally for her efforts to abolish female genital cutting....
  , Graça Machel
  Graça Machel
  
  Gra?a Machel is the third wife of former South African president Nelson Mandela and the former widow of the late Mozambican president Samora Machel....
  , Rigoberta Menchú
  Rigoberta Menchú
  
  Rigoberta Mench? Tum is an indigenous Guatemalan, of the Quich?-Maya people ethnic group. Mench? has dedicated her life to publicizing the plight of Guatemala's indigenous peoples during and after the Guatemalan Civil War , and to promoting indigenous rights in the country....
  , Fatana Ishaq Gailani, Emma Bonino
  Emma Bonino
  
  Emma Bonino , is an Italy politician, former Member of the European Parliament and current Member of the Italian Senate. She is a leading member of the Italian Radicals, a political party that supports economic and social liberalism, and human rights....
   and Somaly Mam
  Somaly Mam
  
  Somaly Mam is a Cambodian author and human rights advocate, focusing primarily on needs of victims of human sex trafficking, and has garnered official and media acclaim for her efforts....
  
• 1999: Pedro Duque
  Pedro Duque
  
  Pedro Duque Duque is a Spain astronaut and a veteran of two space missions.Duque earned a degree in aeronautical engineering from the Universidad Polit?cnica de Madrid in 1986....
  , John Glenn
  John Glenn
  
  John Herschel Glenn Jr. is a former astronaut who became the third person and first American to orbit the Earth, and later, United States Senate....
  , Chiaki Mukai
  Chiaki Mukai
  
  Chiaki Mukai is a Japanese doctor, a NASDA astronaut and a lecturer at International Space University....
   and Valery Polyakov
• 2000: Fernando Henrique Cardoso
  Fernando Henrique Cardoso
  
  "Fernando Henrique" redirects here. For the Brazilian goalkeeper, see Fernando Henrique dos Anjos.Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Privy Councillor - also known by his initials FHC - was the 34th President of the Federative Republic of Brazil for two terms from January 1, 1995 to January 1, 2003....
  
• 2001: International Space Station
  International Space Station
  
  The International Space Station is a research facility Assembly of the International Space Station in outer space. On-orbit construction of the station began in 1998, and is scheduled to be complete by 2011, with operations continuing until around 2015....
  
• 2002: The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research
  Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research
  
  The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research is a committee of the International Council for Science. SCAR is charged with the initiating, developing and coordinating scientific research in the Antarctic region....
  
• 2003: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
  Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
  
  Luiz In?cio Lula da Silva , known simply as Lula, is the thirty-fifth and current President of Brazil of Brazil and a founding member of the Workers' Party ....
  
• 2004: The European Union
  European Union
  
  The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 European Union member state, located primarily in Europe. It was established by the Treaty of Maastricht on 1 November 1993 upon the foundations of the pre-existing European Economic Community....
  's Erasmus Programme
  Erasmus programme
  
  The ERASMUS programme, or European Region Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students, is a European student exchange programme established in 1987....
  
• 2005: Simone Veil
  Simone Veil
  
  Simone Veil, Order of the British Empire is a French lawyer and politician who served as Minister of Health under Val?ry Giscard d'Estaing, President of the European Parliament and member of the Constitutional Council of France....
  
• 2006: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
• 2007: Al Gore
  Al Gore
  
  Albert Arnold "Al" Gore, Jr. is an United States environmentalism activist who served as the List of Vice Presidents of the United States Vice President of the United States from 1993 to 2001 under President of the United States Bill Clinton....
  
• 2008: Ifakara Health Research and Development Centre (Tanzania
  Tanzania
  
  Tanzania , officially the United Republic of Tanzania , is a country in East Africa that is bordered by Kenya and Uganda on the north, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the west, and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique on the south....
  ), Malaria Research and Training Centre (Mali
  Mali
  
  Mali, officially the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked nation in West Africa. Mali is the seventh largest country in Africa, bordering Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the C?te d'Ivoire on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west....
  ), Kintampo Health Research Centre (Ghana
  Ghana
  
  The Republic of Ghana is a country in West Africa. It borders C?te d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south....
  ) and Manhiça Centre of Health Research (Mozambique
  Mozambique
  
  Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique , is a country in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest....
  )

Literature

• 1981: José Hierro
• 1982: Miguel Delibes
  Miguel Delibes
  
  Miguel Delibes Seti?n is a Spain novelist and member of the Real Academia Espa?ola. Born in Valladolid, Spain, Delibes studied law and economics and from 1945 was a professor of commercial law at the University of Valladolid, also working as a journalist....
   and Gonzalo Torrente Ballester
  Gonzalo Torrente Ballester
  
  Gonzalo Torrente Ballester was a Galician writer in Spanish language. He was born in Serantes, Ferrol, Galicia , and received his first education there, subsequently attending the universities of University of Santiago de Compostela and Oviedo....
  
• 1983: Juan Rulfo
  Juan Rulfo
  
  Juan Rulfo was a Mexico author and photographer. One of Latin America's most esteemed authors, Rulfo's reputation rests on two slim books, the novel Pedro P?ramo , and Le Llano en Flammes , a collection of short stories that includes his admired tale "?Diles que no me maten!" ....
  
• 1984: Pablo García Baena
• 1985: Angel González
  Ángel González
  
  ?ngel Gonz?lez Mu?iz was a major Spain poet of the twentieth century.Gonz?lez was born in Oviedo. He took a law degree at the University of Oviedo and, in 1950, moved to Madrid to work in Civil Administration....
  
• 1986: Mario Vargas Llosa
  Mario Vargas Llosa
  
  Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa is a Peruvian writer, politician, journalist, and essayist. Vargas Llosa is one of Latin America's most significant novelists and essayists, and one of the leading authors of his generation....
   and Rafael Lapesa
  Rafael Lapesa
  
  Rafael Lapesa Melgar was a Spain philologist, a historian of language and of Spanish literature....
  
• 1987: Camilo José Cela
  Camilo José Cela
  
  Don Camilo Jos? Cela Trulock, Marquis of Iria Flavia was an influential Spain writer and member of the Generation of 1950....
  
• 1988: José Angel Valente and Carmen Martín Gaite
  Carmen Martín Gaite
  
  Carmen Mart?n Gaite was an award winning Spain author.Born in Salamanca, over the course of her life she won various awards, including the Prince of Asturias Awards in 1988, the Award Premio Castilla y Le?n de las Letras in 1992, and the Premio Acebo de Honor awarded to her life work....
  
• 1989: Ricardo Gullón
• 1990: Arturo Uslar Pietri
  Arturo Uslar Pietri
  
  Arturo Uslar Pietri was one of the most prominent Venezuelan figures of the twentieth century. He was a writer and an intellectual, who made important contributions as an educator, journalist, diplomat, politician and government official....
  
• 1991: The people of Puerto Rico
  Puerto Rico
  
  Puerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , is a Autonomy Territories of the United States of the United States located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of the Virgin Islands....
  
• 1992: Francisco Nieva
• 1993: Claudio Rodríguez
• 1994: Carlos Fuentes
  Carlos Fuentes
  
  Carlos Fuentes Mac?as is a Mexican writer and one of the best-known living novelists and essayists in the Spanish-speaking world. Fuentes has influenced contemporary Latin American literature, and his works have been widely translated into English and other languages....
  
• 1995: Carlos Bousoño
  Carlos Bousoño
  
  Carlos Bouso?o is a Spanish poet and literary critic. His work is frequently associated with the postwar literary group. Although he was born in Boal, Asturias in 1923, his family moved to Oviedo when he was two....
  
• 1996: Francisco Umbral
  Francisco Umbral
  
  Francisco "Paco" Umbral was a Spain journalist, novelist, biographer and essayist....
  
• 1997: Alvaro Mutis
  Álvaro Mutis
  
  ?lvaro Mutis Jaramillo is a Colombian poet, novelist, and essayist. Before returning to Colombia in his adolescence, he lived in Brussels, where his father held a post as a diplomat....
  
• 1998: Francisco Ayala
  Francisco Ayala (novelist)
  
  Francisco Ayala Garc?a-Duarte is a Spain writer and teacher. Born in Granada, at the age of nineteen he published his first novel, Tragicomedia de un hombre sin esp?ritu. At the start of the Spanish Civil War, Ayala was out of the country....
  
• 1999: Günter Grass
  Günter Grass
  
  G?nter Wilhelm Grass is a Nobel Prize in Literature-winning Germany author and playwright.He was born in the Free City of Danzig . Since 1945, he has lived in West Germany , but in his fiction he frequently returns to the Danzig of his childhood....
  
• 2000: Augusto Monterroso
• 2001: Doris Lessing
  Doris Lessing
  
  Doris May Lessing Order of the Companions of Honour, Order of the British Empire is a Zimbabwe-United Kingdom writer, author of works such as the novels The Grass is Singing and The Golden Notebook....
  
• 2002: Arthur Miller
  Arthur Miller
  
  Arthur Miller was an United States playwright and essayist. He was a prominent figure in Theater in the United States and film for almost 100 years, writing a wide variety of dramas, including celebrated Play such as The Crucible, A View from the Bridge, All My Sons, and Death of a Salesman, which are studied and performed w...
  
• 2003: Fatema Mernissi
  Fatema Mernissi
  
  Fatema or Fatima Mernissi is a Morocco feminist writer and sociologist. She was born into a middle-class family in Fez, Morocco in 1940. She received her primary education in a school established by the nationalist movement, and secondary level education in an all-girls school funded by the French protectorate....
   and Susan Sontag
  Susan Sontag
  
  Susan Sontag was an United States author, filmmaker, philosopher, literary theorist, and activism....
  
• 2004: Claudio Magris
  Claudio Magris
  
  Claudio Magris is an Italian scholar, translator and writer.Magris graduated at the University of Turin, where he studied Germanistics, and has been professor of Modern German Literature at the University of Trieste since 1978....
  
• 2005: Nélida Piñon
  Nélida Piñon
  
  N?lida Pi?on is a Brazilian writer born May 3, 1937 in Rio de Janeiro of Spanish immigrants. Her first novel was Guia-Mapa de Gabriel Arcanjo , written in 1961 which concerns a protagonist discussing Christian doctrine with her guardian angel....
  
• 2006: Paul Auster
  Paul Auster
  
  Paul Benjamin Auster is a Brooklyn-based author known for works blending absurdism and crime fiction, such as The New York Trilogy , Moon Palace and Brooklyn Follies ....
  
• 2007: Amos Oz
  Amos Oz
  
  Amos Oz is an Israeli writer, novelist, and journalist. He is also a professor of literature at Ben-Gurion University in Be'er Sheva. Since 1967, he has been a prominent advocate of a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict....
  
• 2008: Margaret Atwood
  Margaret Atwood
  
  Margaret Eleanor Atwood, Order of Canada is a Canada author, poet, literary criticism, feminist and activism. She is among the most-honored authors of fiction in recent history; she is a winner of the Arthur C....
  

Social Sciences

• 1981: Román Perpiñá
• 1982: Antonio Domínguez Ortiz
• 1983: Julio Caro Baroja
  Julio Caro Baroja
  
  Julio Caro Baroja was a Spain anthropologist, history, linguistics and essayist....
  
• 1984: Eduardo García de Enterría
  Eduardo Garcia de Enterria y Martinez-Carande
  
  Eduardo Garc?a de Enterr?a y Martinez-Carande, born 1923 in Ramales , is a lawyer and member of the Spain Council of State .He is a Professor of Administrative Law at the University of Valladolid and the Complutense University of Madrid ....
  
• 1985: Ramón Carande Thovar
• 1986: José Luis Pinillos
• 1987: Juan José Linz
• 1988: Luis Díez del Corral and Luis Sánchez Agesta
• 1989: Enrique Fuentes Quintana
• 1990: Rodrigo Uría González
• 1991: Miguel Artola Gallego
• 1992: Juan Velarde Fuertes
• 1993: Silvio Zavala
  Silvio Zavala
  
  Silvio Zavala Vallado is a pioneer in law history studies and Mexico?s institutions. Born in M?rida, Yucat?n, he studied at the National University of Mexico and at the University of Madrid, obtaining a Ph.D....
  
• 1994: Aurelio Menéndez Menéndez
• 1995: Joaquim Veríssimio Serrão
• 1996: John Huxtable Elliott
  John Huxtable Elliott
  
  Professor Sir John Huxtable Elliott is an eminent historian, Regius Professor of Modern History Emeritus in the University of Oxford and Honorary Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford and Trinity College, Cambridge....
  
• 1997: Martín de Riquer Morera
• 1998: Jacques Santer
  Jacques Santer
  
  Jacques Santer is a politician from Luxembourg.He was finance minister of Luxembourg from 1979 until 1989, and Prime Minister of Luxembourg from 1984 to 1995, as a member of the Christian Social People's Party, which has been the leading party in the Luxembourg government since 1979....
   and Pierre Werner
  Pierre Werner
  
  File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F066857-0006, Bonn, CDU Tagung zur Europ?ischen Sicherheit.jpgPierre Werner was a Luxembourg politician. Pierre Werner was born in Saint Andr? near Lille in France from Luxemburg parents....
  
• 1999: Raymond Carr
  Raymond Carr
  
  Sir Albert Raymond Maillard Carr British Academy Royal Historical Society Royal Society of Literature , known as Raymond Carr, is an England historian specializing in the history of Spain, Latin America, and Sweden who was Warden of St Antony's College, Oxford, from 1968 to 1987....
  
• 2000: Carlo Maria Martini
  Carlo Maria Martini
  
  Carlo Maria Martini, Society of Jesus is a Latin Rite Italian people Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan from 1980 to 2002, and was elevated to the Cardinal in 1983....
  
• 2001: The Colegio de México and Juan Iglesias Santos
• 2002: Anthony Giddens
  Anthony Giddens
  
  Anthony Giddens, Baron Giddens is a United Kingdom sociology who is renowned for his theory of structuration and his holism view of modern society....
  
• 2003: Jürgen Habermas
  Jürgen Habermas
  
  J?rgen Habermas is a Germany philosopher and sociologist in the tradition of critical theory and American pragmatism. He is perhaps best known for his work on the concept of the public sphere, the topic of his first book....
  
• 2004: Paul Krugman
  Paul Krugman
  
  Paul Robin Krugman is an United States economist, columnist, and author. He is a professor of economics and international affairs at Princeton University, a centenary professor at the London School of Economics, and an op-ed columnist for The New York Times....
  
• 2005: Giovanni Sartori
  Giovanni Sartori
  
  Giovanni Sartori is an Italian political scientist specializing in the study of comparative politics....
  
• 2006: Mary Robinson
  Mary Robinson
  
  Mary Therese Winifred Robinson served as the President_of_Ireland#List_of_Presidents_of_Ireland, and first female, President of Ireland, serving from 1990 to 1997, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, from 1997 to 2002....
  
• 2007: Ralf Dahrendorf
  Ralf Dahrendorf
  
  Ralf Gustav Dahrendorf, Baron Dahrendorf, Order of the British Empire is a German-British sociologist, philosopher, political scientist and politician....
  
• 2008: Tzvetan Todorov
  Tzvetan Todorov
  
  Tzvetan Todorov is a France-Bulgarian philosopher. He has lived in France since 1963 writing books and essays about literary theory, also a bit a legend history of ideas and culture theory....
  

Sports

• 1987: Sebastian Coe
  Sebastian Coe, Baron Coe
  
  Sebastian Newbold Coe, Baron Coe, Order of the British Empire is a British former top-level Athletics and former Conservative Party politician....
  
• 1988: Juan Antonio Samaranch
  Juan Antonio Samaranch
  
  Juan Antonio Samaranch Torell?, Marquess de Samaranch is a Spain sports official and was president of the International Olympic Committee from 1980 to 2001....
  
• 1989: Severiano Ballesteros
  Severiano Ballesteros
  
  Severiano "Seve" Ballesteros is a Spain professional golfer and former Chronological list of World Number One male golfers, who was one of the sport's leading figures from the mid 1970s to the mid 1990s....
  
• 1990: Alfonso "Sito" Pons
• 1991: Sergey Bubka
• 1992: Miguel Indurain
  Miguel Indurain
  
  Miguel ?ngel Indurain Larraya is a retired Spain road racing cyclist. He is best known for winning the Tour de France from 1991 Tour de France to 1995 Tour de France, becoming only the fourth person to win the event five times, and the first to win five in a row.Lance Armstrong would subsequently duplicate and, indeed, improve...
  
• 1993: Javier Sotomayor
• 1994: Martina Navratilova
  Martina Navratilova
  
  Martina Navratilova is a former List of WTA number 1 ranked players women's tennis player. Billie Jean King said about Navratilova in 2006, "She's the greatest singles, doubles and Types of tennis match player who's ever lived." Tennis writer Steve Flink, in his book The Greatest Tennis Matches of the Twentieth Century, named her as the...
  
• 1995: Hassiba Boulmerka
  Hassiba Boulmerka
  
  Hassiba Boulmerka in Constantine, Algeria in the north east of Algeria is a former Algerian Middle distance track event. In 1992, she became the first Algerian to win an Olympic Games title....
  
• 1996: Carl Lewis
  Carl Lewis
  
  Frederick Carlton Lewis is a retired American Athletics athlete who won 10 Olympic Games medals including 9 golds, and 10 IAAF World Championships in Athletics medals, of which 8 were golds, in a career that spanned from 1979 when he first achieved a world ranking to 1996 when he last won an Olympic title and subsequently retired....
  
• 1997: Spanish Marathon team
• 1998: Arantxa Sánchez Vicario
  Arantxa Sánchez Vicario
  
  Ar?nzazu Arantxa Isabel Maria S?nchez Vicario is a Spanish professional tennis player. She won four Grand Slam singles titles, six Grand Slam women's doubles titles, and four Grand Slam mixed doubles titles....
  
• 1999: Steffi Graf
  Steffi Graf
  
  Stefanie Maria Graf is a former List of WTA number 1 ranked players ranked female tennis player from Germany. Billie Jean King is quoted as saying in 1999, "Steffi is definitely the greatest women's tennis player of all time." Martina Navratilova has included Graf on her list of great players....
  
• 2000: Lance Armstrong
  Lance Armstrong
  
  Lance Armstrong is an United States professional Road bicycle racing who rides for UCI ProTeam Team Astana. He won the Tour de France a record-breaking seven consecutive years, from 1999 Tour de France to 2005 Tour de France....
  
• 2001: Manuel Estiarte
  Manuel Estiarte
  
  Manuel Estiarte Duocastella is a former water polo player from Spain, considered by many the best of all time.Estiarte has played 578 times for the Spanish team....
  
• 2002: Brazil national football team
  Brazil national football team
  
  The Brazil national football team is the national team of Brazil and is managed by the Brazilian Football Confederation that represents Brazil in international football competitions....
  
• 2003: The Tour de France
  Tour de France
  
  The Tour de France is a bicycle racing over more than . It is held every year. It is held in France and visits a bordering country every year. It usually lasts 23 days....
  
• 2004: Hicham El Guerrouj
  Hicham El Guerrouj
  
  Hicham El Guerrouj is a Morocco former Middle distance track event. He is the World records in athletics holder for the Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics - Men's 1500 metres , the World record progression for the mile run and the outdoor Middle_distance_track_event#2000_m , and a double Olympic Games gold medalist....
  
• 2005: Fernando Alonso
  Fernando Alonso
  
  Fernando Alonso D?az is a Spain Formula One racing driver and a two-time World Champion.On September 25, 2005 he won the List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions title at the age of 24 years and 58 days, thus breaking Emerson Fittipaldi's record of being the youngest World Drivers' Champion ....
  
• 2006: Spanish Basketball Team
  Spain national basketball team
  
  The Spain national basketball team is the basketball team representing Spain in international competitions. As of June, 2008 they are the reigning FIBA World Championship and third in the FIBA World Rankings for men....
  
• 2007: Michael Schumacher
  Michael Schumacher
  
  Michael Schumacher is a former Formula One driver, seven-time world champion, and current advisor and occasional test driver for Scuderia Ferrari....
  
• 2008: Rafael Nadal
  Rafael Nadal
  
  Rafael Nadal Parera is a Spain professional tennis player who has been ATP Entry Ranking List of ATP number 1 ranked players since August 18, 2008....
  

Technical and Scientific Research

• 1981: Alberto Sols
• 1982: Manuel Ballester
• 1983: Luis Antonio Santaló
• 1984: Antonio García Bellido
• 1985: Emilio Rosenblueth and David Vázquez Martínez
• 1986: Antonio González González
• 1987: Pablo Rudomín
  Pablo Rudomin
  
  Pablo Rudomin Zevnovaty, PhD is a Mexican neuroscience.Born to Russian people parents he is a graduate of the biology program of the National School of Biological Sciences of the National Polytechnic Institute ....
   and Jacinto Convit
  Jacinto Convit
  
  Jacinto Convit is a Venezuelan doctor. He was born in Caracas in 1913. In 1988 he was nominated to the Nobel Prize in medicine for his efforts in finding a cure to leprosy and leishmaniasis....
  
• 1988: Manuel Cardona and Marcos Moshinsky
  Marcos Moshinsky
  
  Marcos Moshinsky is a Mexico physics of Ukraine origin whose work in the field of elementary particles won him the Prince of Asturias Awards in 1988 and the UNESCO Science Prize in 1997....
  
• 1989: Guido Münch
• 1990: Salvador Moncada
  Salvador Moncada
  
  Salvador Enrique Moncada is a renowned Honduran pharmacologist....
   and Santiago Grisolía
• 1991: Francisco Bolívar Zapata
  Francisco Bolívar Zapata
  
  Francisco Gonzalo Bol?var Zapata is a Mexican biochemist and professor.After getting his PhD in biochemistry by the National Autonomous University of Mexico , he joined the Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology in the same university, undertaking studies on Molecular Biology and Biotechnology and becoming one of the mos...
  
• 1992: Federico García Moliner
• 1993: Amable Liñán
• 1994: Manuel Patarroyo
• 1995: Manuel Losada Villasante and National Biodiversity Institute of Costa Rica
  Costa Rica
  
  Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica is a country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the east and south, the Pacific Ocean to the west and south and the Caribbean Sea to the east....
  
• 1996: Valentín Fuster
  Valentin Fuster
  
  Valentin Fuster is a Spanish American cardiologist ? the only cardiologist to receive all four major research awards from the world's four major cardiovascular organizations....
  
• 1997: Atapuerca
  Atapuerca
  
  The 'Atapuerca Mountains' is an ancient karst topography region of Spain, near the town of Atapuerca and Ibeas de Juarros, containing several caves, where fossils and stone tools of the earliest known Homininas in West Europe have been found....
   research team
• 1998: Emilio Méndez Pérez and Pedro Miguel Etxenike Landiríbar
• 1999: Ricardo Miledi
  Ricardo Miledi
  
  Ricardo Miledi is a Mexican neuroscientist who won the Royal Medal in 1998.References...
   and Enrique Moreno González
• 2000: Luc Montagnier
  Luc Montagnier
  
  Luc Montagnier is a France virology and joint recipient with Fran?oise Barr?-Sinoussi and Harald zur Hausen of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine....
   and Robert Gallo
  Robert Gallo
  
  Robert Charles Gallo is a U.S. biomedical researcher. He is best known for his co-discovery of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus , the pathogen responsible for the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome , and he has been a major contributor to subsequent HIV research....
  
• 2001: Craig Venter
  Craig Venter
  
  J. Craig Venter is an United States biologist and businessman. Venter founded The Institute for Genomic Research and has been inaccurately credited with being instrumental in mapping the human genome....
  , John Sulston, Hamilton Smith, Francis Collins
  Francis Collins
  
  Francis S. Collins , Medical Doctor, Doctor of Philosophy, is an United States physician-geneticist, noted for his landmark discoveries of disease genes, and his leadership of the Human Genome Project ....
   and Jean Weissenbach
• 2002: Robert E. Kahn, Vinton Cerf, Tim Berners-Lee
  Tim Berners-Lee
  
  Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee, Order of Merit, Order of the British Empire, Royal Society, Royal Academy of Engineering, Royal Society of Arts is an English people computer scientist and MIT professor credited with inventing the World Wide Web....
   and Lawrence Roberts
  Lawrence Roberts
  
  Lawrence Roberts may refer to:*Lawrence Roberts , one of the 4 "fathers" of the Internet*Lawrence Roberts *Lawrence Roberts , Pennsylvania politician...
  
• 2003: Jane Goodall
  Jane Goodall
  
  Dame Jane Goodall, Order of the British Empire is an England United Nations Messenger of Peace, Primatology, Ethology, and Anthropology. She is well-known for her 45-year study of chimpanzee social and family interactions in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania, and for founding the Jane Goodall Institute....
  
• 2004: Judah Folkman
  Judah Folkman
  
  Dr. Moses Judah Folkman was an United States Medicine scientist best known for his research on angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, processes where tumors generate tiny blood vessels to nourish themselves....
  , Tony Hunter, Joan Massagué Solé, Bert Vogelstein
  Bert Vogelstein
  
  Bert Vogelstein is a noted cancer researcher at The Johns Hopkins University. His first degree was in mathematics graduating summa cum laude in 1970 from the University of Pennsylvania....
   and Robert Weinberg
  Robert Weinberg
  
  Robert Allan Weinberg is a Daniel K. Ludwig Professor for Cancer Research at MIT and American Cancer Society Research Professor; his research is in the area of oncogenes and the genetic basis of human cancer....
  
• 2005: Antonio Damasio
  Antonio Damasio
  
  Ant?nio Rosa Dam?sio, Order of St. James of the Sword is a Portugal behavioral neurologist and neuroscientist working in the United States....
  
• 2006: Juan Ignacio Cirac
• 2007: Ginés Morata Pérez and Peter Lawrence
  Peter Lawrence
  
  Peter Lawrence is a developmental biologist at the LMB and Zoology Department of Cambridge University. Born in 1941, he was educated at Wennington School and St Catherine's College, Cambridge, where he gained his doctorate as a student of Vincent Wigglesworth....
  
• 2008: Sumio Iijima
  Sumio Iijima
  
  Sumio Iijima is a Japanese physicist, often cited as the discoverer of carbon nanotubes. Although carbon nanotubes had been observed prior to his "discovery", Iijima's 1991 paper generated unprecedented interest in the carbon nanostructures and has since fueled intense research in the area of nanotechnology....
  , Shuji Nakamura
  Shuji Nakamura
  
  Shuji Nakamura , is a professor at the Material Department of the UCSB College of Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara .Nakamura graduated from the University of Tokushima in 1977 with a degree in electronic engineering, and obtained a master's degree in the same subject two years later, after which he joined the Nichia Corp...
  , Robert Langer, George M. Whitesides
  George M. Whitesides
  
  George M. Whitesides is an American chemist and professor of chemistry at Harvard University. He is best known for his work in the areas of NMR spectroscopy, organometallic chemistry, molecular self-assembly, soft lithography, microfabrication, microfluidics, and nanotechnology....
   and Tobin Marks

Concord

• 1986: Vicaría de la Solidaridad (Chile)
• 1987: Villa El Salvador
  Villa El Salvador
  
  Villa El Salvador is an urban, largely residential district on the outskirts of Lima, Peru. It borders the district of Chorrillos on the east; the Pacific Ocean on the southwest; Lur?n District on the southeast; Villa Mar?a del Triunfo on the east and San Juan de Miraflores on the north....
  
• 1988: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and World Wild Fund for Nature
• 1989: Stephen Hawking
  Stephen Hawking
  
  Stephen William Hawking Companion of Honour, Commander of the British Empire, Fellow of the Royal Society, Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, Doctor of Philosophy is a British Theoretical physics....
  
• 1990: Sephardic Communities
• 1991: Medicus Mundi
  Medicus Mundi International
  
  Medicus Mundi International is an international non-governmental organization, founded on 8 December 1962. The organization deals with health care development and the promotion of health and health services for the most impoverished, particularly in developing countries....
   and Médecins Sans Frontières
  Médecins Sans Frontières
  
  M?decins Sans Fronti?res , or Doctors Without Borders, is a Secularism humanitarian aid non-governmental organization best known for its projects in war-torn regions and developing country facing Endemic ....
  
• 1992: American Foundation for AIDS Research (AMFAR
  AmfAR
  
  amfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research is an international non-profit organization for HIV/AIDS research, education, and public policy. Since 1985, it has invested close to $250 million from donations and issued grants to more than 2,000 research teams....
  )
• 1993: Coordinadora Gesto por la Paz in the Basque Country
  Basque Country (autonomous community)
  
  The Basque Country is an Autonomous Community in northern Spain.The Basque Country was granted the status of Historical regions in Spain within Spain with the Spanish Constitution of 1978....
  
• 1994: Save the Children
  Save the Children
  
  Save the Children is a leading international organisation helping children in need around the world. First established in the United Kingdom in 1919, separate national organisations have been set up in more than twenty-eight countries, sharing the aim of improving the lives of children through education, health care and economic opportuniti...
  , National Movement of Street Children and Messengers of Peace
• 1995: H.M. Hussein I, king of Jordan
  Jordan
  
  Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern part of the Syrian Desert down to the Gulf of Aqaba....
  
• 1996: Adolfo Suárez
  Adolfo Suárez
  
  Don Adolfo Su?rez y Gonz?lez, 1st Duke of Su?rez, Grandee of Spain, Order of the Golden Fleece was Spain's first democratically elected President of the Government of Spain after the Spain under Franco of Francisco Franco, and a key figure in the country's transition to democracy....
  
• 1997: Yehudi Menuhin
  Yehudi Menuhin
  
  Yehudi Menuhin, Baron Menuhin, Order of Merit, Order of the British Empire was a violinist and conducting who spent most of his performing career in the United Kingdom....
   and Mstislav Rostropovich
  Mstislav Rostropovich
  
  Mstislav Leopoldovich Rostropovich Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire , , known to close friends as ?Slava,? was a Russians cellist and conducting....
  
• 1998: Nicolás Castellanos, Vicente Ferrer
  Vicente Ferrer
  
  Vicente Ferrer may refer to:* Vicente Ferrer Rosell? a deputy and former senator in the Spanish parliament.* Saint Vincent Ferrer* places named after Saint Vincent Ferrer, including:...
  , Joaquín Sanz Gadea and Muhammad Yunus
  Muhammad Yunus
  
  Muhammad Yunus is a Bangladeshi banker and economist. He previously was a professor of economics where he developed the concept of microcredit....
  
• 1999: Caritas
  Caritas
  
  Caritas may refer to:* The Latin term for charity , one of the three theological virtues* Caritas , a fictional demon-friendly karaoke bar in the U.S....
   Española
• 2000: Royal Spanish Academy and Association of Academies of the Spanish Language
  Association of Spanish Language Academies
  
  File:Pa?ses con academia de la lengua espa?ola.pngThe Association of Spanish Language Academies was created in Mexico in 1951 and represents the union of all the separate academies in the Spanish language-speaking world....
  
• 2001: World Network of Biosphere Reserves
• 2002: Daniel Barenboim
  Daniel Barenboim
  
  Daniel Barenboim is a renowned piano and conducting. He lives in Berlin and holds citizenship in Argentina, Israel, Spain, and the Palestinian Authority....
   and Edward Said
  Edward Said
  
  Edward Wadie Sa?d Royal Society of Literature was a Palestinian American Literary theory, cultural critic, and an outspoken advocate for Palestinian rights....
  
• 2003: J. K. Rowling
  J. K. Rowling
  
  Joanne "Jo" Rowling Order of the British Empire , who writes under the pen name J. K. Rowling, is a United Kingdom author, best known as the creator of the Harry Potter fantasy series, the idea for which was conceived whilst on a train trip from Manchester to London in 1990....
  
• 2004: The Way of Saint James
• 2005: The Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul
  Daughters of Charity
  
  The Company of the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul, sometimes simply referred to as Daughters of Charity, is a Roman Catholic Society of Apostolic Life of women with simple, private, annual vows, founded in 1633 and devoted to serving Jesus Christ in the persons who are poor through corporal and spiritual works of mercy....
  
• 2006: UNICEF
• 2007: Yad Vashem
  Yad Vashem
  
  File:Yad Vashem BW 3.JPGYad Vashem is Israel's official memorial to the Jewish victims of the Holocaust established in 1953 through the Yad Vashem Law passed by the Knesset, Israel's parliament....
  
• 2008: Ingrid Betancourt
  Íngrid Betancourt
  
  Ingrid Betancourt Pulecio is a Colombian-French politician, former Senate of Colombia, anti-Political corruption activist and Nobel Peace Prize nominee....
  

See also

• List of awards
• Prizes named after people
  Prizes named after people
  
  This is a list of prizes that are named after people.For other lists of eponyms see Lists of etymologies.*Abel Prize - Niels Henrik Abel...
  

External links

• , official website (in English)