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Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge

 

 
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Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge
 
 
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Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge (Adolphus Frederick; 24 February 1774 – 8 July 1850), was the tenth child and seventh son of George III
George III of the United Kingdom

George III was Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death....
 and Queen Charlotte
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was the List of British consorts as spouse of King George III of the United Kingdom.Queen Charlotte was a patroness of the arts, known to Johann Christian Bach and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, among others....
. He held the title of Duke of Cambridge
Duke of Cambridge

Duke of Cambridge is a title occasionally conferred upon junior members of the British royal family. It was first used as a designation for Charles Stewart , the eldest son of James II of England , though he was never formally created Duke of Cambridge....
 from 1801 until his death. He also served as Viceroy
Viceroy

A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the monarch. The term derives from the Latin prefix vice-, meaning "in the place of" and the French word roi, meaning king....
 of Hanover
Kingdom of Hanover

The Kingdom of Hanover was established in October of 1814 by the Congress of Vienna, with the restoration of George III of the United Kingdom to his Hanoverian territories after the Napoleonic wars....
 on behalf of his brothers George IV
George IV of the United Kingdom

George IV was the king of Kingdom of Hanover and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from the death of his father, George III of the United Kingdom, on 29 January 1820 until his own death ten years later....
 and William IV
William IV of the United Kingdom

William IV was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of Kingdom of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death. William, the third son of George III of the United Kingdom and younger brother and successor to George IV of the United Kingdom, was the last king and penultimate monarch of the House of Hanover....
. His granddaughter, Mary of Teck
Mary of Teck

Mary of Teck was the queen consort of George V of the United Kingdom, Emperor of India. Before her husband's accession, she was successively Duchess of York, Duchess of Cornwall and Princess of Wales....
 was the Queen consort
Queen consort

A queen consort is the title given to the wife of a reigning Monarch. Queens consort usually share their husbands' Royal and noble ranks and hold the feminine equivalent of their husbands' monarchical titles....
 of George V
George V of the United Kingdom

George V was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha....
.

ce Adolphus was born at Buckingham Palace
Buckingham Palace

Buckingham Palace is the official London residence of the British monarch. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is a setting for state occasions and royal entertaining, and a major tourist attraction....
. He was tutored at home before being sent to the University of Göttingen in Germany in summer 1786, along with his brothers Prince Ernest (created Duke of Cumberland
Duke of Cumberland

Duke of Cumberland is a peerage title that was conferred upon junior members of the British royal family, named after the county of Cumberland....
 in 1799) and Prince Augustus (created Duke of Sussex
Duke of Sussex

Duke of Sussex is a peerage title that was conferred to the sixth son of George III of the United Kingdom. He was created Duke of Sussex, Earl of Inverness, and Baron Arklow in the Peerage of the United Kingdom on 27 November, 1801....
 in 1801).

791, he and Prince Ernest went to Hanover to receive military training under the supervision of the Hannoverian commander Field Marshal von Freytag.






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Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge (Adolphus Frederick; 24 February 1774 – 8 July 1850), was the tenth child and seventh son of George III
George III of the United Kingdom

George III was Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death....
 and Queen Charlotte
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was the List of British consorts as spouse of King George III of the United Kingdom.Queen Charlotte was a patroness of the arts, known to Johann Christian Bach and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, among others....
. He held the title of Duke of Cambridge
Duke of Cambridge

Duke of Cambridge is a title occasionally conferred upon junior members of the British royal family. It was first used as a designation for Charles Stewart , the eldest son of James II of England , though he was never formally created Duke of Cambridge....
 from 1801 until his death. He also served as Viceroy
Viceroy

A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the monarch. The term derives from the Latin prefix vice-, meaning "in the place of" and the French word roi, meaning king....
 of Hanover
Kingdom of Hanover

The Kingdom of Hanover was established in October of 1814 by the Congress of Vienna, with the restoration of George III of the United Kingdom to his Hanoverian territories after the Napoleonic wars....
 on behalf of his brothers George IV
George IV of the United Kingdom

George IV was the king of Kingdom of Hanover and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from the death of his father, George III of the United Kingdom, on 29 January 1820 until his own death ten years later....
 and William IV
William IV of the United Kingdom

William IV was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of Kingdom of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death. William, the third son of George III of the United Kingdom and younger brother and successor to George IV of the United Kingdom, was the last king and penultimate monarch of the House of Hanover....
. His granddaughter, Mary of Teck
Mary of Teck

Mary of Teck was the queen consort of George V of the United Kingdom, Emperor of India. Before her husband's accession, she was successively Duchess of York, Duchess of Cornwall and Princess of Wales....
 was the Queen consort
Queen consort

A queen consort is the title given to the wife of a reigning Monarch. Queens consort usually share their husbands' Royal and noble ranks and hold the feminine equivalent of their husbands' monarchical titles....
 of George V
George V of the United Kingdom

George V was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha....
.

Early life

Prince Adolphus was born at Buckingham Palace
Buckingham Palace

Buckingham Palace is the official London residence of the British monarch. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is a setting for state occasions and royal entertaining, and a major tourist attraction....
. He was tutored at home before being sent to the University of Göttingen in Germany in summer 1786, along with his brothers Prince Ernest (created Duke of Cumberland
Duke of Cumberland

Duke of Cumberland is a peerage title that was conferred upon junior members of the British royal family, named after the county of Cumberland....
 in 1799) and Prince Augustus (created Duke of Sussex
Duke of Sussex

Duke of Sussex is a peerage title that was conferred to the sixth son of George III of the United Kingdom. He was created Duke of Sussex, Earl of Inverness, and Baron Arklow in the Peerage of the United Kingdom on 27 November, 1801....
 in 1801).

Military career

In 1791, he and Prince Ernest went to Hanover to receive military training under the supervision of the Hannoverian commander Field Marshal von Freytag. He rose to the ranks of colonel in 1794, to lieutenant general in 1798. In 1803 he was appointed as commander-in-chief of the new founded King's German Legion
King's German Legion

The King's German Legion was a Germany military unit, but was an integral part of the British Army. It was in existence from 1803 till 1816. It has the distinction of being the only German force to have fought without interruption against the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars....
 and in 1813 he became field marshal . George III appointed Prince Adolphus a Knight of the Garter
Order of the Garter

The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry, or knighthood, originating in medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms; it is the pinnacle of the Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom....
 on 6 June 1786 and created him Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Tipperary, and Baron Culloden on 17 November 1801.

The Duke served as colonel-in-chief of the Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards (Coldstream Guards after 1855) from September 1805 and as colonel-in-chief of the 60th (The Duke of York's Own Rifle Corps) Regiment of Foot from January 1824.

Marriage

After the death of Princess Charlotte in 1817, the Duke was set the task of finding a bride for his eldest unmarried brother, the Duke of Clarence (later William IV
William IV of the United Kingdom

William IV was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of Kingdom of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death. William, the third son of George III of the United Kingdom and younger brother and successor to George IV of the United Kingdom, was the last king and penultimate monarch of the House of Hanover....
) in the hope of securing heirs to the throne -- Charlotte had been the only legitimate grandchild of George III
George III of the United Kingdom

George III was Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death....
, despite the fact that the King had twelve surviving children. After several false starts, the Duke of Cambridge settled on Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen

Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen was the queen consort of the United Kingdom and of Hanover as spouse of William IV of the United Kingdom. The Australian city of Adelaide is named after her....
. The Duke of Clarence agreed with alacrity, and the way was cleared for the Duke of Cambridge to find a bride for himself.

The Duke of Cambridge was married first at Kassel
Kassel

Kassel is a city situated along the Fulda River in northern Hessen, Germany, one of the two sources of the Weser river . It is the administrative seat of the Kassel and of the Kassel of the same name....
, Hesse
Hesse-Kassel

The Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel or Hesse-Cassel was a Reichsfrei principality of the Holy Roman Empire that came into existence when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1567 upon the death of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse....
 on 7 May and then at Buckingham Palace on 1 June 1818 to his second cousin Augusta (25 July 1797-6 April 1889), the third daughter of Prince Frederick of Hesse.

He was, as is shown in the list of issue below, the maternal grandfather of Mary of Teck
Mary of Teck

Mary of Teck was the queen consort of George V of the United Kingdom, Emperor of India. Before her husband's accession, she was successively Duchess of York, Duchess of Cornwall and Princess of Wales....
, consort of George V
George V of the United Kingdom

George V was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha....
. This makes Adolphus the great-great-grandfather of the present British monarch, Elizabeth II

Viceroy

From 1816 to 1837, the Duke of Cambridge served as viceroy
Viceroy

A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the monarch. The term derives from the Latin prefix vice-, meaning "in the place of" and the French word roi, meaning king....
 of Hanover
Hanover

Hanover or Hannover#Definitions , on the river Leine, is the capital city of the Federal states of Germany of Lower Saxony , Germany and was once by personal union the family seat of the House of Hanover, in their dignities as the dukes of Brunswick-L?neburg ....
 on behalf of his elder brothers, George IV
George IV of the United Kingdom

George IV was the king of Kingdom of Hanover and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from the death of his father, George III of the United Kingdom, on 29 January 1820 until his own death ten years later....
 and later William IV
William IV of the United Kingdom

William IV was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of Kingdom of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death. William, the third son of George III of the United Kingdom and younger brother and successor to George IV of the United Kingdom, was the last king and penultimate monarch of the House of Hanover....
. When his niece, Queen Victoria
Victoria of the United Kingdom

Victoria was from 20 June 1837 the Queen regnant of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and from 1 May 1876 the first Empress of India of the British Raj until her death....
 succeeded to the British throne on 20 June 1837, the 123-year union of the crowns of Great Britain (the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1801) and Hanover ended. The Duke of Cumberland became King Ernest Augustus I of Hanover and the Duke of Cambridge returned to Britain.

Later life

The Duke of Cambridge died on 8 July 1850 at Cambridge House
Cambridge House

Cambridge House is a grade I listed mansion on the northern side of Piccadilly in central London, England. It is also known as an international resource investment conference known as Cambridge House Resource Investment Conference....
, Piccadilly
Piccadilly

Piccadilly is a major London street, running from Hyde Park Corner in the west to Piccadilly Circus in the east. It is completely within the city of Westminster....
, London, and was buried at Kew. His remains were later removed to St. George's Chapel, Windsor. His only son, Prince George, succeeded to his peerages.

Titles, styles, honours and arms


Titles and styles

  • 24 February 1774–17 November 1801: His Royal Highness The Prince Adolphus
  • 17 November 1801–8 July 1850: His Royal Highness The Duke of Cambridge


His full style at death was Field Marshal His Royal Highness The Prince Adolphus Frederick, Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Tipperary, Baron Culloden, Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter
Order of the Garter

The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry, or knighthood, originating in medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms; it is the pinnacle of the Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom....
, Member of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council
Privy Council of the United Kingdom

Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British monarchy. Its members are largely senior politicians, who were or are members of either the House of Commons of the United Kingdom or House of Lords....
, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath
Order of the Bath

The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a United Kingdom order of chivalry founded by George I of Great Britain on 18 May 1725. The name derives from the medieval ceremony for creating a knight, which involved bathing as one of its elements....
, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George
Order of St Michael and St George

The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George IV of the United Kingdom whilst he was acting as Prince Regent for his father, George III of the United Kingdom....
, Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order
Royal Guelphic Order

The Royal Guelphic Order, sometimes also referred to as the Hanoverian Guelphic Order, was a British, or rather Hanoverian, order of chivalry instituted on 28 April 1815 by the George IV of the United Kingdom ....


Honours

British Honours
  • PC: Privy Council
    Privy Council of the United Kingdom

    Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British monarchy. Its members are largely senior politicians, who were or are members of either the House of Commons of the United Kingdom or House of Lords....
    , 1802
  • KG: Knight of the Garter
    Order of the Garter

    The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry, or knighthood, originating in medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms; it is the pinnacle of the Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom....
    , 6 June 1786
  • KB: Knight Companion of the Bath
    Order of the Bath

    The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a United Kingdom order of chivalry founded by George I of Great Britain on 18 May 1725. The name derives from the medieval ceremony for creating a knight, which involved bathing as one of its elements....
    • GCB: Knight Grand Cross of the Bath
      Order of the Bath

      The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a United Kingdom order of chivalry founded by George I of Great Britain on 18 May 1725. The name derives from the medieval ceremony for creating a knight, which involved bathing as one of its elements....
      , 2 January 1815
  • GCMG: Knight Grand Cross of St Michael and St George
    Order of St Michael and St George

    The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George IV of the United Kingdom whilst he was acting as Prince Regent for his father, George III of the United Kingdom....
  • GCH: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order
    Royal Guelphic Order

    The Royal Guelphic Order, sometimes also referred to as the Hanoverian Guelphic Order, was a British, or rather Hanoverian, order of chivalry instituted on 28 April 1815 by the George IV of the United Kingdom ....


Arms

The Duke's arms were the Royal Arms
Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom

The Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom is the official coat of arms of the British monarch, currently Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom. These arms are used by the Queen in her official capacity as monarch, and are officially known as her Arms of Dominion....
 of the House of Hanover, with a three point label of difference. The first and third labels containing two hearts, and the centre label bearing a red cross. His arms were adopted by his youngest daughter, Princess Mary Adelaide and her heirs included them in their arms impaled with the arms of the Duke of Teck.

Issue

The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge had three children:
NameBirthDeathNotes
Prince George, Duke of Cambridge
Prince George, Duke of Cambridge

Prince George, Duke of Cambridge was a member of the British Royal Family, a male-line grandson of George III of the United Kingdom. The Duke was an army officer and served as commander-in-chief of the British Army from 1856 to 1895....
26 March 181917 March 1904married 1847, Sarah Louisa Fairbrother
Sarah Louisa Fairbrother

Sarah Fairbrother was the mistress of Prince George, Duke of Cambridge, a male line grandson of George III of the United Kingdom. Although the couple married in contravention of the Royal Marriages Act 1772, their 'marriage' was legally void....
; had issue
Princess Augusta of Cambridge19 July 18224 December 1916married 1843, Friedrich Wilhelm, Grand Duke of Mecklenberg-Strelitz; had issue
Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge
Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge

Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge was a member of the British Royal Family, a granddaughter of George III of the United Kingdom. She later held the title of Duke of Teck by marriage....
27 November 183327 October 1897married 1866, Francis, Duke of Teck
Francis, Duke of Teck

Francis, Duke of Teck , was a member of the British Royal Family, the father of Mary of Teck. Francis held the titles of Count of Hohenstein and later Duke of Teck ....
; had issue, including Mary of Teck
Mary of Teck

Mary of Teck was the queen consort of George V of the United Kingdom, Emperor of India. Before her husband's accession, she was successively Duchess of York, Duchess of Cornwall and Princess of Wales....
, later queen consort
Queen consort

A queen consort is the title given to the wife of a reigning Monarch. Queens consort usually share their husbands' Royal and noble ranks and hold the feminine equivalent of their husbands' monarchical titles....


Ancestors



See also

  • British Royal Family
    British Royal Family

    The British Royal Family is the group of close relatives of the Monarchy of the United Kingdom. The term is also commonly applied to the same group of people as the relations of the monarch in his or her Commonwealth realm#The Crown in the Commonwealth realmss, thus sometimes at variance with official national terms for the family....
  • House of Hanover
    House of Hanover

    The House of Hanover is a Germanic peoples Royal family dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Brunswick-L?neburg , the Kingdom of Hanover and the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland....
  • Duke of Cambridge
    Duke of Cambridge

    Duke of Cambridge is a title occasionally conferred upon junior members of the British royal family. It was first used as a designation for Charles Stewart , the eldest son of James II of England , though he was never formally created Duke of Cambridge....
  • Cambridge Bay, Nunavut
    Cambridge Bay, Nunavut

    Cambridge Bay named for Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, is a Hamlet located in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut of Nunavut, Canada. The traditional Inuinnaqtun name for the area is Ikaluktuutiak or Iqaluktuttiaq meaning "good fishing place"....


External links