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Presidential Palace (Nanjing)
 
 
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The Presidential Palace in Nanjing
Nanjing

is the capital city of China's Jiangsu province of China, and a city with a prominent place in Chinese history and Chinese culture. Nanjing served as the capital of China during several historical periods and is listed as one of the Historical capitals of China....
, China
China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
, housed the Office of the President of the Republic of China
President of the Republic of China

The President of the Republic of China is the head of state of the Republic of China . The Republic of China was founded in 1911 governing the whole of China....
 before the republic relocated to Taiwan
Taiwan

Taiwan is an island in East Asia. "Taiwan" is also commonly used to refer to the country governed by the Republic of China and to the ROC itself, which governs the island of Taiwan, Orchid Island and Green Island, Taiwan in the Pacific Ocean off the Taiwan coast, the Penghu islands in the Taiwan Strait, and Kinmen and the Matsu Islands...
 in 1949. It is now a museum, the China Modern History Museum. It is located at 292 Changjiang Road, in the Xuanwu District of Nanjing.

he Ming Dynasty
Ming Dynasty

The Ming Dynasty , or Empire of the Great Ming , was the ruling Dynasties in Chinese history of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty....
, this site was the location of two successive ducal palaces. In the Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, followed the Ming Dynasty in History of China, and was the last ruling Chinese Dynasties of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 ....
, it became the Office of the Viceroy of Liangjiang
Viceroy of Liangjiang

The Viceroy of Liangjiang , fully referred to as the Governor General of the two Yangtze Provinces and surrounding areas; Overseeing Military Affairs, Food Production; Manager of Waterways; Director of Civil Affairs , was one of eight regional viceroys of the Qing Dynasty in China....
 , the chief government official in charge of what is today Jiangsu
Jiangsu

is a Province of China of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. The name comes from jiang, short for the city of Jiangning , and su, for the city of Suzhou....
, Anhui
Anhui

Anhui is a province of China of the People's Republic of China. Located in eastern China across the basins of the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River, it borders Jiangsu to the east, Zhejiang to the southeast, Jiangxi to the south, Hubei to the southwest, Henan to the northwest, and Shandong for a tiny section in the north....
, and Jiangxi
Jiangxi

is a southern province of China of the People's Republic of China, spanning from the banks of the Yangtze River in the north into hillier areas in the south....
.

In 1853, Taiping Revolution forces led by Hong Xiuquan
Hong Xiuquan

H?ng Xi?qu?n , born Hong Renkun , courtesy name Huoxiu , was a Hakka China who led the Taiping Rebellion against the Qing Dynasty, establishing the Taiping tien-quo "Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace," over varying portions of southern China, with himself as the "Tian Wang" and self-proclaimed brother of Jesus Christ....
 occupied Nanjing
Nanjing

is the capital city of China's Jiangsu province of China, and a city with a prominent place in Chinese history and Chinese culture. Nanjing served as the capital of China during several historical periods and is listed as one of the Historical capitals of China....
.






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The Presidential Palace in Nanjing
Nanjing

is the capital city of China's Jiangsu province of China, and a city with a prominent place in Chinese history and Chinese culture. Nanjing served as the capital of China during several historical periods and is listed as one of the Historical capitals of China....
, China
China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
, housed the Office of the President of the Republic of China
President of the Republic of China

The President of the Republic of China is the head of state of the Republic of China . The Republic of China was founded in 1911 governing the whole of China....
 before the republic relocated to Taiwan
Taiwan

Taiwan is an island in East Asia. "Taiwan" is also commonly used to refer to the country governed by the Republic of China and to the ROC itself, which governs the island of Taiwan, Orchid Island and Green Island, Taiwan in the Pacific Ocean off the Taiwan coast, the Penghu islands in the Taiwan Strait, and Kinmen and the Matsu Islands...
 in 1949. It is now a museum, the China Modern History Museum. It is located at 292 Changjiang Road, in the Xuanwu District of Nanjing.

History

In the Ming Dynasty
Ming Dynasty

The Ming Dynasty , or Empire of the Great Ming , was the ruling Dynasties in Chinese history of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty....
, this site was the location of two successive ducal palaces. In the Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, followed the Ming Dynasty in History of China, and was the last ruling Chinese Dynasties of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 ....
, it became the Office of the Viceroy of Liangjiang
Viceroy of Liangjiang

The Viceroy of Liangjiang , fully referred to as the Governor General of the two Yangtze Provinces and surrounding areas; Overseeing Military Affairs, Food Production; Manager of Waterways; Director of Civil Affairs , was one of eight regional viceroys of the Qing Dynasty in China....
 , the chief government official in charge of what is today Jiangsu
Jiangsu

is a Province of China of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. The name comes from jiang, short for the city of Jiangning , and su, for the city of Suzhou....
, Anhui
Anhui

Anhui is a province of China of the People's Republic of China. Located in eastern China across the basins of the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River, it borders Jiangsu to the east, Zhejiang to the southeast, Jiangxi to the south, Hubei to the southwest, Henan to the northwest, and Shandong for a tiny section in the north....
, and Jiangxi
Jiangxi

is a southern province of China of the People's Republic of China, spanning from the banks of the Yangtze River in the north into hillier areas in the south....
.

In 1853, Taiping Revolution forces led by Hong Xiuquan
Hong Xiuquan

H?ng Xi?qu?n , born Hong Renkun , courtesy name Huoxiu , was a Hakka China who led the Taiping Rebellion against the Qing Dynasty, establishing the Taiping tien-quo "Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace," over varying portions of southern China, with himself as the "Tian Wang" and self-proclaimed brother of Jesus Christ....
 occupied Nanjing
Nanjing

is the capital city of China's Jiangsu province of China, and a city with a prominent place in Chinese history and Chinese culture. Nanjing served as the capital of China during several historical periods and is listed as one of the Historical capitals of China....
. The palace was expanded and converted into a palace for Hong, the Palace of the Heavenly King, or Tianwang Fu. In 1864, Qing imperial forces re-took Nanjing. Commander Zeng Guofan
Zeng Guofan

Zeng Guofan was an eminent Han Chinese official, military general, and devout Confucian scholar of the late Qing Dynasty in China.Zeng raised the Xiang Army to fight effectively against the Taiping Rebellion and restored the stability of Qing Dynasty along with other prominent figures, including Zuo Zongtang and Li Hongzhang, setting the...
 ordered that most of the palace be razed, and a new office of the Governor-General be erected in accordance with government protocol.

After the Xinhai Revolution
Xinhai Revolution

The Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution , also known as the 1911 Revolution or the Chinese Revolution, began with the Wuchang Uprising on October 10, 1911 and ended with the abdication of Emperor Puyi on February 12, 1912....
 in 1911, Sun Yat-sen
Sun Yat-sen

Sun Yat-sen , also known as Sun Yixian, Sun Wen, Sun Itchisen/Sun Itchiyama and Sun Zhongshan , was a China revolutionary and Politician leader often referred to as the Father of the Nation....
 was sworn in at the Presidential Palace as the provisional President of the Republic of China
President of the Republic of China

The President of the Republic of China is the head of state of the Republic of China . The Republic of China was founded in 1911 governing the whole of China....
.

However, China soon fell into Warlord era
Warlord era

The Warlord era is the period in the history of the Republic of China, from 1916 to the late-1930s, when the country was divided among Warlord, a division that continued until the fall of the Nationalist government in the mainland China regions of Sichuan, Shanxi, Qinghai, Ningxia, Guangdong, Guangxi, Gansu, Yunnan, and Xinjiang....
 and the Palace was not officially used until 1927 when the Kuomintang
Kuomintang

The Kuomintang of China , also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is the founding and the ruling party of the Republic of China ....
's Northern Expedition captured Nanjing and made it into the Headquarters of the Nationalist Government. Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek

Chiang Kai-shek , Order of the Bath , served as Generalissimo of the Nationalist Government of the Republic of China from 1928 to 1948. He was sometimes referred to simply as "the Generalissimo"....
 had his office in the palace. During the Second Sino-Japanese War
Second Sino-Japanese War

The Second Sino-Japanese War was the largest Asian war in the twentieth century. From 1937 to 1941, it was fought between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan....
 (1937-1945), Chiang Kai-shek's government fled to Chongqing
Chongqing

Chongqing is the largest and most populous of the People's Republic of China's four provinces of China-level municipality of China, and the only one in the less densely populated western region of China....
 and the building was occupied by Wang Jingwei
Wang Jingwei

Wang Jingwei , alternate name Wang Zhaoming , was a Chinese politician. He was initially known as a member of the left wing of the Kuomintang , but he was staunchly anti-Communist, and his politics veered sharply to the right later in his career....
 who collaborated with the Japanese. Following the Japanese surrender in 1945, Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist Government reoccupied the building. In 1947, the Constitution of the Republic of China
Constitution of the Republic of China

The Constitution of the Republic of China is the fundamental law of the Republic of China , with jurisdiction over Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu ....
 was promulgated and the Headquarters of the Nationalist Government was renamed the Office of the President.

In 1949, near the end of the Chinese Civil War
Chinese Civil War

The Chinese Civil War or , which lasted from April 1927 to May 1950, was a civil war in China between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party ....
, the Communist forces captured Nanjing, Chiang Kai-shek's government fled to Taiwan
Taiwan

Taiwan is an island in East Asia. "Taiwan" is also commonly used to refer to the country governed by the Republic of China and to the ROC itself, which governs the island of Taiwan, Orchid Island and Green Island, Taiwan in the Pacific Ocean off the Taiwan coast, the Penghu islands in the Taiwan Strait, and Kinmen and the Matsu Islands...
, and Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong was a China military and politics dictator. Mao led the Communist Party of China to victory against the Kuomintang in the Chinese Civil War, and was the leader of the People?s Republic of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976....
 declared the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

The People's Republic of China , commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia and the List of countries by population in the world with over 1.3 billion people, approximately a fifth of the world's population....
 with capital in Beijing
Beijing

is a metropolis in northern China and the Capital of the People's Republic of China. It is one of the four municipality of China, which are equivalent to province in China's Political divisions of China....
. The building was then used for government functions. In the late 1980s it was transformed into a museum detailing China modern history. It is now one of the few places in mainland China where the Flag of the Republic of China
Flag of the Republic of China

The National Flag of the Republic of China is the National Flag of the Republic of China . It is commonly referred to in Chinese as Blue Sky, White Sun, and a Wholly Red Earth to reflect its attributes....
 is publicly displayed.

On April 27, 2005, the Chairman of Kuomintang, Lien Chan
Lien Chan

Lien Chan is a politician in Taiwan. He was Vice President of the Republic of China from 1996 to 2000, and was the Chairman of the Kuomintang from 2000 to 2005....
, visited the Palace on his trip to Mainland China, marking a symbolic return of the party to the Palace for the first time in 58 years.

See also

  • Presidential Building (Taipei)


External links

  • , from Nanjing city government