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Powazki Cemetery (Polish
Polish language

Polish , an official language of Poland, has the largest number of speakers of any West Slavic languages. Polish-speakers use the language in a uniform manner through most of Poland, and it has a regular orthography....
 Cmentarz Powazkowski)/Military Cemetery is the oldest and most famous cemetery in Warsaw
Warsaw

Warsaw is the Capital and World's largest cities of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River roughly from both the Baltic Sea coast and the Carpathian Mountains....
, Poland
Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
, and is situated in the western part of the city. It contains a mausoleum with memorials to many of the greats in Polish history, including many interred since 1925 along the "Avenue of the Meritorious" (Aleja Zasluzonych, est. 1925). It has also a very large military section for the graves of those who fought and died for their country since the early 19th century, including the large number of those involved in the ill-fated Warsaw Uprising
Warsaw Uprising

The Warsaw Uprising was a struggle by the Armia Krajowa to liberate Warsaw from Nazi Germany occupation during World War II. The Uprising began on 1 August 1944, as part of a nationwide rebellion, Operation Tempest....
 against the Nazis during World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
, the Battle of Warsaw
Battle of Warsaw

Warsaw in Poland has been the site of several battles in history. Arguably most known under this name is Battle of Warsaw . The most important are:* Siege of Warsaw , Warsaw retaken by Poles from Swedes on June 30, 1656, during The Deluge...
, and the September Campaign.

zki is actually a necropolis
Necropolis

A necropolis is a large cemetery or burial place . Apart from the occasional application of the word to modern cemeteries outside large towns, the term...
, consisting of a whole complex of cemeteries.






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Powazki Cemetery (Polish
Polish language

Polish , an official language of Poland, has the largest number of speakers of any West Slavic languages. Polish-speakers use the language in a uniform manner through most of Poland, and it has a regular orthography....
 Cmentarz Powazkowski)/Military Cemetery is the oldest and most famous cemetery in Warsaw
Warsaw

Warsaw is the Capital and World's largest cities of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River roughly from both the Baltic Sea coast and the Carpathian Mountains....
, Poland
Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
, and is situated in the western part of the city. It contains a mausoleum with memorials to many of the greats in Polish history, including many interred since 1925 along the "Avenue of the Meritorious" (Aleja Zasluzonych, est. 1925). It has also a very large military section for the graves of those who fought and died for their country since the early 19th century, including the large number of those involved in the ill-fated Warsaw Uprising
Warsaw Uprising

The Warsaw Uprising was a struggle by the Armia Krajowa to liberate Warsaw from Nazi Germany occupation during World War II. The Uprising began on 1 August 1944, as part of a nationwide rebellion, Operation Tempest....
 against the Nazis during World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
, the Battle of Warsaw
Battle of Warsaw

Warsaw in Poland has been the site of several battles in history. Arguably most known under this name is Battle of Warsaw . The most important are:* Siege of Warsaw , Warsaw retaken by Poles from Swedes on June 30, 1656, during The Deluge...
, and the September Campaign.

Details

Powazki is actually a necropolis
Necropolis

A necropolis is a large cemetery or burial place . Apart from the occasional application of the word to modern cemeteries outside large towns, the term...
, consisting of a whole complex of cemeteries. In 1790, most cemeteries in the Warsaw city centre were closed for sanitary reasons, and a new Catholic cemetery was created in the western suburb of Powazki. Soon afterwards, several other cemeteries were founded in the area: Jewish
Warsaw Jewish Cemetery

The term Warsaw Jewish Cemetery might refer to a number of necropolis in the city. Three of them are the most notable, however:* The Okopowa Street Jewish Cemetery is one of the largest Jewish cemeteries in Europe....
, Calvinist
Calvinism

Calvinism is a theology system and an approach to the Christian life that emphasizes the rule of God over all things. It was developed by several theologians, but it bears the name of the French Protestant Reformation John Calvin because of his prominent influence on it and because of his role in the confessional and ecclesiastical debates t...
, Lutheran
Lutheranism

Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century Germans Reformer Martin Luther....
, Caucasian
Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucas is a geopolitical region located between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. It is home to Europe's highest mountain ....
 and Tatar
Tatars

Tatars , sometimes spelled Tartars, refers to a Turkic people ethnic group mainly inhabiting Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, Bulgaria, Romania, Lithuania, and Poland....
. The Orthodox cemetery is located not far from the Powazki necropolis
Necropolis

A necropolis is a large cemetery or burial place . Apart from the occasional application of the word to modern cemeteries outside large towns, the term...
.

The latest addition to the complex was the "Military cemetery," currently known as the "Communal cemetery." It was founded in 1912 as an annex to the Catholic cemetery, but after Poland regained independence in 1918, it became the state cemetery, where some of the most notable people of the period were buried, regardless of their faith. Like many of the old European cemeteries, Powazki's tombstones were created by some of the most renowned sculptors of the age, Polish and foreign. Some of the monuments are excellent examples of various styles in art and architecture.

On All Saints Day (November 1) and Zaduszki
Zaduszki

Zaduszki is a Poland tradition of lighting candles and visiting the graves of the relatives on All Souls Day. Its origins can be traced to the times of Slavic mythology....
 (November 2) in Warsaw, vigils are held not only in the Roman Catholic cemeteries, but in the Protestant, Muslim
Muslim

:A Muslim , , is an adherent of the religion of Islam. The feminine form is Muslimah . Literally, the word means "one who submits "....
, Jew
Jew

A Jew is a member of the Jewish people, an ethnoreligious group that traces its ancestry to the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East....
ish and Orthodox
Eastern Orthodox Church

The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian communion in the world with an estimated 225 million members worldwide. It is considered by its adherents to be the Four Marks of the Church established by Jesus Christ and his Apostles nearly 2000 years ago....
 cemeteries as well. At Powazki cemetery, all the graves are decorated with candles.

A large part of the cemetery is occupied by graves of Polish soldiers who fell in the Warsaw Uprising. Most of the graves were exhumed between 1945 and 1953 from the streets of Warsaw. In many cases, the names of the soldiers remain unknown, and the graves are marked only by the Polish Red Cross identification number. Until the early 1950s, brothers-in-arms of many fallen soldiers organised exhumations of their colleagues on their own, and there are many quarters where soldiers of specific units are buried. Also in the cemetery are several mass graves of (mostly unknown) civilian victims of the German terror during World War II and of the Warsaw Uprising.

Powazki Wrzesien 1

Notable people

A few of the notables buried here (Military Cemetery) are:
  • Boleslaw Bierut
    Boleslaw Bierut

    Boleslaw Bierut was a Poland Communist leader, a Stalinism who became President of Poland after the Soviet occupation of the country in the aftermath of World War II....
     (1892-1956), communist dictator
  • Wojciech Boguslawski
    Wojciech Boguslawski

    Wojciech Boguslawski was a Poland actor, theater director and playwright....
    , writer, actor, director
  • Tadeusz Borowski
    Tadeusz Borowski

    Tadeusz Borowski was a Poland writer and journalist, and a Auschwitz concentration camp and Dachau concentration camp survivor. His books are recognized as classics of Polish post-war literature and had much influence in Central European society....
     (1922-1951), Polish writer, journalist, and Holocaust survivor.
  • Lucyna Cwierczakiewiczowa
    Lucyna Cwierczakiewiczowa

    Lucyna Cwierczakiewiczowa was a Poland writer, journalist and author of the first Polish cuisine book.Lucyna Cwierczakiewiczowa was born in Warsaw, in the notable aristocracy family of von Bachman....
    , (1829-1901) writer
  • Ignacy Dobrzynski (1807-1867) composer
  • Wladyslaw Filipkowski
    Wladyslaw Filipkowski

    Wladyslaw Filipkowski was a Poland military commander and a professional officer of the Polish Army. During World War II he was the commanding officer of the Armia Krajowa units in the inspectorate of Lw?w and the commander of the Lw?w Uprising....
     (1892-1950), military commander.
  • Wladyslaw Gomulka
    Wladyslaw Gomulka

    Wladyslaw Gomulka was a Poland Communism leader. He was a member of the Communist Party of Poland starting in 1926.In 1934 Gomulka went to Moscow, where he lived for a year....
    , communist leader
  • Stefan Jaracz
    Stefan Jaracz

    Stefan Jaracz was a Poland actor and theater director.He was born in Stare Zukowice, near Tarn?w, and died in Otwock, near Warsaw.During World War II he was a prisoner at the Germany Auschwitz concentration camp....
     (1883-1945), actor
  • Jacek Kaczmarski
    Jacek Kaczmarski

    Jacek Kaczmarski was a Poland singer, songwriter, poet and author.Kaczmarski was considered by many to be a voice of the anti-communist Solidarity movement in the 1980s, for his commitment to a free Poland, independent of Soviet rule....
     (1957-2004), poet and singer
  • Jan Kiepura
    Jan Kiepura

    Jan Wiktor Kiepura was a Poland singer and actor. He was born of a Jewish mother and a Polish father.In 1926 he left Poland. History of Poland , he built a well-known hotel, "Patria", in Krynica-Zdr?j, which cost him about United States dollar3 million....
     (1902-1966), singer and actor
  • Krzysztof Kieslowski
    Krzysztof Kieslowski

    Krzysztof Kieslowski , was an influential Academy Awards-nominated Poland film film director and screenwriter, known internationally for his film cycles The Decalogue and Three Colors....
     (1941-1996) film director
  • Jan Kilinski
    Jan Kilinski

    Jan Kilinski was one of the commanders of the Kosciuszko Uprising. A shoemaker by trade, he commanded the Warsaw Uprising of 1794, an uprising against the Russian garrison in Warsaw....
  • Stefan Kisielewski
    Stefan Kisielewski

    Stefan Kisielewski , nicknames Kisiel, Julia Holynska, Teodor Klon, Tomasz Stalinski, was a Poland writer, publicist, composer and politician, one of the members of Znak ....
     (1911-1991), art critic and writer
  • Krzysztof Komeda
    Krzysztof Komeda

    Krzysztof Komeda was a Polish film music composer and jazz pianist. He wrote the scores for Roman Polanski?s films Rosemary?s Baby, The Fearless Vampire Killers, Knife in the Water and Cul-de-sac....
     (1931-1969), jazz
    Jazz

    Jazz is a primarily American musical art form which originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States from a confluence of African and European music traditions....
     composer
  • Ryszard Kuklinski
    Ryszard Kuklinski

    Ryszard Jerzy Kuklinski was a Poland colonel and Cold War spy. Motivated by the desire to promote the Polish national interest, he passed top secret Warsaw Pact documents to the CIA between 1971 and 1981....
     (1930-2001), Cold War
    Cold War

    The Cold War was the continuing state of conflict, tension and competition that existed between a number of world powers, including the United States, the Soviet Union, People's Republic of China, France, United Kingdom and those countries' respective allies from the mid-1940s to the early 1990s....
     master spy
  • Jacek Kuron
    Jacek Kuron

    Jacek Jan Kuron was one of the democratic leaders of opposition in the People's Republic of Poland. Kuron was a prominent Polish social and political figure; educator and historian; an activist of the Polish Scouting Association; co-founder of the Workers' Defence Committee; twice a Minister of Labour and Social Policy....
     (1934-2004), historian, dissident
    Dissident

    A dissident, broadly defined, is a person who actively challenges an established doctrine, policy, or institution. When individual dissidents unite in a common cause they may become known as a dissident Political movement....
     and one of the Solidarity
    Solidarity

    Solidarity is a Poland trade union federation founded in September 1980 at the Gdansk Shipyard, and originally led by Lech Walesa.Solidarity was the first non-communist trade union in a communist country....
     leaders
  • Samuel Bogumil Linde lexicographer
  • Tadeusz Lomnicki
    Tadeusz Lomnicki

    Tadeusz Lomnicki was a Poland actor, one of the most notable stage and film artists of his time in Poland. He is remembered mostly for his roles in comedies and dramas, as well as for the role of Kordian in Juliusz Slowacki's play of the same title....
     (1927-1992), actor
  • Jozef Krzucki, chemist
  • Witold Lutoslawski
    Witold Lutoslawski

    Witold Lutoslawski was one of the major European composers of the 20th century, and one of the pre-eminent Poland musicians during his last three decades....
    , composer
  • Witold Malcuzynski
    Witold Malcuzynski

    Witold Malcuzynski was a Poland pianist who specialized in Fr?d?ric Chopin. Brother of Karol Malcuzynski, politician and journalist.He began playing the piano at the age of 10 and eventually studied at the Warsaw Conservatory....
     (1914-1977), classical pianist
  • Stefan Mazurkiewicz
    Stefan Mazurkiewicz

    Stefan Mazurkiewicz was a Poland mathematician who worked in mathematical analysis, topology, and probability. He was a student of Waclaw Sierpinski and a member of the Polish Academy of Learning ....
    , co-founder of the Warsaw school of mathematics
  • Stanislaw Moniuszko
    Stanislaw Moniuszko

    Stanislaw Moniuszko was a Poland composer, conductor and teacher. His output includes many Song#Art_songss and operas, and his musical style is filled with patriotism Polish folk music....
    , composer
  • Witold Pilecki
    Witold Pilecki

    Witold Pilecki was a soldier of the Second Polish Republic, the founder of the Secret Polish Army Polish resistance movement in World War II group and a member of the Home Army ....
     (1901-1948), freedom fighter
  • Lech Pijanowski
    Lech Pijanowski

    Lech Pijanowski was a Polish people film critic, broadcaster, director, screenwriter and populiser of games.He is buried in the Powazki Cemetery....
    , film-maker and game designer
  • Kazimierz Porebski
    Kazimierz Porebski

    Kazimierz Porebski was a Poland vice-admiral.Porebski's military career started in the Russian Navy, where he served in the position of a rear-admiral....
     (1872-1933), vice-admiral
  • Boleslaw Prus
    Boleslaw Prus

    Boleslaw Prus , whose actual name was Aleksander Glowacki, was a Poland journalist and novelist who is known especially for his novels The Doll and Pharaoh ....
     (1847-1912), journalist and novelist
  • Marian Rejewski
    Marian Rejewski

    Marian Adam Rejewski was a Poland mathematician and cryptography who in 1932 solved the plugboard-equipped Enigma machine, the main cipher device used by Germany....
     (1905-1980), mathematician-cryptologist
  • Wladyslaw Reymont
    Wladyslaw Reymont

    Wladyslaw Stanislaw Reymont was a Polish author, and Nobel Prize in Literature. His best known work is the novel Chlopi....
     (1867-1925), Nobel Prize
    Nobel Prize

    The Nobel Prize , established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize in Literature, and Nobel Peace Prize in 1901....
    -winning novelist
  • Leon Schiller
    Leon Schiller

    Leon Schiller de Schildenfeld was a Polish theater and film director, critic and theoretician. He was also a composer and wrote theater and radio screenplays....
    , theater director and theoretician
  • Irena Sendlerowa (1910-2008), head of Children's Section of the Zegota
    Zegota

    "Zegota" , also known as the "Konrad Zegota Committee," was a codename for the Council to Aid Jews , an underground organization in Occupation of Poland from 1942 to 1945....
  • Waclaw Sierpinski
    Waclaw Sierpinski

    Waclaw Franciszek Sierpinski was a Poland mathematician. He was known for outstanding contributions to set theory , number theory, theory of function s and topology....
     (1882-1969) mathematician
  • Edward Rydz-Smigly
    Edward Rydz-Smigly

    Edward Rydz-Smigly sometimes Edward Smigly-Rydz ; nom de guerre Smigly, Tarlowski, Adam Zawisza) was a Marshal of Poland, Poland political figure, Commander-in-Chief of Poland's armed forces, and a Artist and poet....
     Marshal of Poland
    Marshal of Poland

    Marshal of Poland is the highest rank in the Polish Army. It has been granted to only six officers. At present, this rank is equivalent to a Field Marshal or General of the Army in other NATO armies....
     and Polish chief of state 1935-1939
  • Stanislaw Skalski
    Stanislaw Skalski

    Stanislaw Skalski was a Poland fighter ace of the Polish Air Force in World War II and general. Stanislaw Skalski was the top Polish fighter ace of World War II, credited, according to official list, with 18 11/12 victories and two probable....
     (1915-1994), WWII fighter ace
  • Andrzej Soltan
    Andrzej Soltan

    Andrzej Soltan was a Poland nuclear physics. He also worked on spectroscopy in the electromagnetic spectrum between far ultraviolet and X-rays....
     (1897-1959), physicist
  • Stanislaw Sosabowski
    Stanislaw Sosabowski

    General brygady Stanislaw Franciszek Sosabowski Order of the British Empire was a Poland general in World War II. He fought in the Battle of Arnhem in 1944 as commander of the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade....
     (1892 - 1967), general
  • Wladyslaw Szpilman
    Wladyslaw Szpilman

    Wladyslaw ?Wladek? Szpilman was a Poland pianist, composer, and memoirist. Szpilman is widely known as the protagonist of the Roman Polanski film The Pianist , which is based on his autobiography book recounting how he survived the Holocaust....
     (1911-2000), pianist
  • Karol Swierczewski
    Karol Swierczewski

    Karol Waclaw Swierczewski was a military officer in Bolshevist Russia, and later a general in the service of the Soviet Union, Republican Spain and the Provisional Government of National Unity....
    , army general
  • Michal Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski
    Michal Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski

    Michal Tadeusz Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski, Coat of arms of Traby pseudonym Doktor, Stolarski, Torwid was a Poland general, founder of the resistance movement "Polish Victory Service"....
     (1893-1964), general
  • Julian Tuwim
    Julian Tuwim

    Julian Tuwim ; was one of the greatest Polish poets, born in L?dz, Congress Poland, and educated in L?dz and Warsaw where he studied law and philosophy at Warsaw University....
     (1894-1953), poet
  • Jerzy Waldorff
    Jerzy Waldorff

    Jerzy Waldorff was a Polish writer, publicist, literary critic and music activist. Author of over 20 books, mostly on the subject of the classical music. Honorary citizen of Slupsk and Warsaw....
    , art critic and one of the beneficiaries of the cemetery
  • Henryk Wieniawski
    Henryk Wieniawski

    Henryk Wieniawski was a Poland violinist and composer....
    , composer
  • Kazimierz Wierzynski
    Kazimierz Wierzynski

    Kazimierz Wierzynski was a Poles poet and journalist.He was born in Drohobycz, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria and died in London.Wierzynski was a cofounder with Julian Tuwim of the Skamander group of experimental poets....
     (1894-1969), poet and writer
  • Stanislaw Wigura
    Stanislaw Wigura

    Stanislaw Wigura was a Poland aircraft designer and aviator, co-founder of the RWD aircraft construction team and lecturer at the Warsaw University of Technology....
     (1901-1932), aircraft designer and aviator
  • Stanislaw Wojciechowski
    Stanislaw Wojciechowski

    Stanislaw Wojciechowski was born on March 15, 1869 in Kalisz, and died near Warsaw on April 9, 1953 at the age of 84. He was born into a family of Polish nobility, and the intelligentsia....
    , president of Poland
  • Aleksander Zelwerowicz, actor and director, patron of the Warsaw Drama Academy
  • Stefan Zeromski
    Stefan Zeromski

    Stefan Zeromski was a Poland novelist and dramatist. He was called the "conscience of Polish literature". He also wrote under the pen names: Maurycy Zych, J?zef Katerla and Stefan Iksmorez....
    , writer
  • Jan Zumbach
    Jan Zumbach

    Jan Eugeniusz Ludwig Zumbach was a Poland fighter pilot who became an fighter ace during the World War II....
     (1915-1986), World War II fighter ace
  • Franciszek Zwirko
    Franciszek Zwirko

    Franciszek Zwirko was a prominent Poland sport and military aviator. Along with Stanislaw Wigura, he won the international air contest Challenge 1932....
     (1895-1932), aviator
Powazki Powstanie 1
The Jewish Cemetery
Okopowa Street Jewish Cemetery

The Okopowa Street Jewish Cemetery is one of the largest Jewish cemetery in Europe. Located on Warsaw Okopowa street and abutting the Powazki Cemetery at , the Jewish Cemetery was established in 1806 and occupies 33 hectares of land....
, located on Okopowa Street next to the Protestant Cemetery and near the Powazki necropolis, was established between 1799 and 1806. Some of the prominent Jewish citizens buried here are:
  • Solomon Anski, writer (Solomon Zangwill Rappaport), author of "The Dybbuk"
  • Szymon Askenazy
    Szymon Askenazy

    Szymon Askenazy was a Poland historian, diplomat and politician, founder of the Askenazy school.Starting in 1902, he served as a professor at the University of Lviv....
    , archaeologist
  • Mathias Bersohn, philanthropist
  • Adam Czerniaków
    Adam Czerniaków

    Adam Czerniak?w was a List of Polish Jews engineer and senator , born in Warsaw, Poland. He committed suicide in the Warsaw Ghetto on July 23, 1942....
    , head of Warsaw Ghetto
    Warsaw Ghetto

    The Warsaw Ghetto was the largest of the Jewish ghettos located in the territory of General Government during the Second World War.The Warsaw Ghetto was established by the German General Government Hans Frank on October 16, 1940....
     Judenrat
    Judenrat

    Judenr?te were administrative bodies that the Germany required Jews to form in the German occupied territory of Poland, and later in the occupied territories of the Soviet Union...
  • Maurycy Fajans, founder of the first steamboat line on the Vistula River
  • Jacob Dinezon (1852-1919), writer
  • Esther Rachel Kaminska (1870-1925), "mother of Yiddish Theater," mother of Ida Kaminska
    Ida Kaminska

    Ida Kaminska was a Jewish Poles actress.Born in Odessa, Russia she was the daughter of Yiddish stage actress Esther Rachel Kaminska and stage producer, Avram Izhak Kashe....
  • Janusz Korczak
    Janusz Korczak

    Janusz Korczak, the pen name of Henryk Goldszmit was a Polish-Jewish children's literature, pediatrics, and child pedagogy, known as Pan Doktor ....
     (1878-1942, cenotaph
    Cenotaph

    A cenotaph is a tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person or group of persons whose remains are elsewhere. It can also be the initial tomb for a person who has since been interred elsewhere....
    ), children's writer and educator
  • Samuel Orgelbrand
    Samuel Orgelbrand

    Samuel Orgelbrand was one of the most prominent Polish-Jewish publishers of the 19th century. The person to discover the works of J?zef Ignacy Kraszewski, he was also the publisher of the Encyklopedia Powszechna , the first true modern Polish language encyclopedia....
    , publisher of Universal Encyclopaedia
  • Isaac Loeb Peretz, writer
  • Hipolit Wawelberg, founder of Warsaw Technical College
  • Ludwik Zamenhof
    L. L. Zamenhof

    Ludwik Lazarz Zamenhof was an Ophthalmology, philologist, and the inventor of Esperanto, a constructed language designed for international communication....
    , creator of Esperanto
    Esperanto

    is the most widely spoken constructed language international auxiliary language in the world. Its name derives from Doktoro Esperanto, the pseudonym under which L....


Gallery



See also

  • List of famous cemeteries