Port of Split
Encyclopedia
The Port of Split is a seaport in Split, Croatia
, located in the Central Dalmatia
. A trading post at the site was originally established by Greek settlers from the island of Vis
and subsequently taken over by the Romans. The port continued to thrive through the Middle Ages
, but it suffered a decline in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when the Port of Rijeka
took over as the primary trading and shipping outlet of the region, following decline of the Ottoman Empire
, a traditional market for the Port of Split, and growing domination of Austrian Empire
.
Today, the port ranks as the largest passenger port in Croatia and the third largest passenger port in the Mediterranean, with annual passenger volume of approximately 4 million. By 2010, the Port of Split recorded 18,000 ship arrivals each year. The port is managed by the Port of Split Authority. In the late 2000s, the Port of Split Authority and the port operators, Trajektna Luka Split d.d. and Luka d.d. Split, started to implement an investment plan aimed at increasing both passenger and cargo traffic volume, scheduled to be completed by 2015, yielding the port capacity to handle up to 7 million passengers per year.
coast in a bay protected by Split peninsula as well as a string of islands. The facilities include terminals and other structures in the Split, Solin
and Kaštela
, all located on approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) of coast. The Port of Split is connected by the International E-road network
routes E65
and E71
carried by the Croatian A1 motorway
and the D1 state road. The port is also accessed by electrified
single-track railway, providing access to Zagreb via Knin and Karlovac.
The port comprises several terminals:
Trajektna Luka Split and Luka d.d. Split, as well as the subcontractors. The primary concessionaires are operating the City Port Split and Vranjic-Solin basin area respectively, with the subcontractors active in Vranjic-Solin area of the port and the terminals based in Kaštela. Passenger and vehicle transit is handled by a number of carriers; however in 2009 Jadrolinija
share of the passenger traffic volume reached 85%. In 2009, total passenger traffic volume reached 3,995,846 passengers, representing a 3.3% drop compared to the previous year. The port serves seven island ferry lines, and four additional passenger shipping lines connecting nearby islands. There are such transport links to the islands of Brač
and Hvar
—carrying up to 2,000 and 1,000 vehicles per day during tourist seasons—as well as to islands of Vis, Lastovo
, Korčula
, Šolta
, Drvenik Veliki
, Drvenik Mali, providing regular transport links for a large area. In 2009, the ferry lines carried annual average daily traffic
of 1,698 vehicles. During summer the volume increases 3,812 vehicles on average.
In 2008, the Port of Split recorded a total of 16,527 ship arrivals, and handled 2.7 million tonnes of cargo. In 2008, Luka d.d. Split recorded substantial growth of transshipment volume. In the first nine months of the year, the company handled 276,000 tonnes of cargo, representing a growth rate of 20%. The cargo volume projected for the entire year was estimated at 345,000 tonnes, including 6,170 TEUs
. The growth was permitted by investments made in late 2007, and the increased volume of operation brought about profit of approximately 2.4 million kuna
(325,000 euro
) in the first nine months of 2008. Overall port operations continue to grow, as 18,000 arrivals were recorded by 2010. Director of the Split Port Authority is Joško Berket Bakota.
in the 4th century BC. Position of the trading post was selected to utilize a natural harbor, proximity of numerous Adriatic Sea
islands and extensive hinterland populated by Illyria
ns, most notably in Salona
. By the 12th century, Split developed trade routes with its hinterland and maritime trade throughout the Adriatic Sea and the Mediterranean. In the 16th century, Split was the central maritime trade outlet of the Balkans
, where goods were transported from the Ottoman Empire
, India
and Persia to the Venetian Republic
and vice versa. After the fall of Venice, Split was briefly ruled by the Habsburg Monarchy
and Austrian Empire
between 1797 and 1806, and the First French Empire
until 1813. In that period, trade routes shifted to other Adriatic ports, especially the Port of Rijeka
, causing a downturn in the city's economy.
In the second half of the 19th century, economy of the city of Split and its surrounding area started to recover and Split soon became hub of the Central Dalmatia
, connecting the hinterland and the neighboring islands. This spurred development of the city port and its transport connections, including construction of a new breakwater
and Split–Knin
railway. In 1925, the railway was linked to the Rijeka
–Zagreb
railway via Gospić
, allowing development of a modern port. In more recent times, cargo terminals of the Port of Split were relocated from the city centre to industrial zones in Solin
and Kaštela
areas, while passenger traffic still uses the centrally positioned harbor.
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
, located in the Central Dalmatia
Dalmatia
Dalmatia is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It stretches from the island of Rab in the northwest to the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south....
. A trading post at the site was originally established by Greek settlers from the island of Vis
Vis (island)
Vis is the most outerly lying larger Croatian island in the Adriatic Sea, and is part of the Central Dalmatian group of islands, with an area of 90.26 km² and a population of 3,617 . Of all the inhabited Croatian islands, it is the farthest from the coast...
and subsequently taken over by the Romans. The port continued to thrive through the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
, but it suffered a decline in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when the Port of Rijeka
Port of Rijeka
The Port of Rijeka is a seaport in Rijeka, Croatia, located on the shore of the Kvarner Gulf in the Adriatic Sea. The first records of the port date to 1281. It was the main port of the Kingdom of Hungary in the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, of Yugoslavia between World War II...
took over as the primary trading and shipping outlet of the region, following decline of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
, a traditional market for the Port of Split, and growing domination of Austrian Empire
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire...
.
Today, the port ranks as the largest passenger port in Croatia and the third largest passenger port in the Mediterranean, with annual passenger volume of approximately 4 million. By 2010, the Port of Split recorded 18,000 ship arrivals each year. The port is managed by the Port of Split Authority. In the late 2000s, the Port of Split Authority and the port operators, Trajektna Luka Split d.d. and Luka d.d. Split, started to implement an investment plan aimed at increasing both passenger and cargo traffic volume, scheduled to be completed by 2015, yielding the port capacity to handle up to 7 million passengers per year.
Transport facilities
The Port of Split is located on the Adriatic SeaAdriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges...
coast in a bay protected by Split peninsula as well as a string of islands. The facilities include terminals and other structures in the Split, Solin
Solin
Solin is a town in Dalmatia, Croatia. It is situated northeast of Split, on the Adriatic Sea and the river Jadro.Solin developed on the location of ancient town of Salona which was the capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia and the birthplace of Emperor Diocletian...
and Kaštela
Kaštela
Kaštela is a series of seven towns in central Dalmatia, located northwest of Split, west of Solin and east of Trogir, in Croatia. They are part of the Split-Dalmatia county and are treated as a single city with a population of 38,474 , although they are individually between 3,000 and 7,000...
, all located on approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) of coast. The Port of Split is connected by the International E-road network
International E-road network
The international E-road network is a numbering system for roads in Europe developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe . The network is numbered from E 1 up and its roads cross national borders...
routes E65
European route E65
European route E 65 is a north-south Class-A European route that begins in Malmö, Sweden and ends in Chaniá, Greece. The road is about in length.-Itinerary:* Sweden** E 65: Malmö – Ystad* Baltic sea, ferry Ystad-Świnoujście* Poland...
and E71
European route E71
European route E 71 is a north-south Class-A intermediate European road route. It begins in Košice, Slovakia, passes through Budapest in Hungary, Zagreb in Croatia and Bihać in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and ends at Split in Croatia on the Adriatic Sea coast. The total length of the route is...
carried by the Croatian A1 motorway
A1 (Croatia)
The A1 motorway is the longest motorway in Croatia spanning . As it connects Zagreb, the nation's capital, to Split, the second largest city in the country and the largest city in Dalmatia, the motorway represents a major north–south transportation corridor in Croatia and a significant part of the...
and the D1 state road. The port is also accessed by electrified
Railway electrification system
A railway electrification system supplies electrical energy to railway locomotives and multiple units as well as trams so that they can operate without having an on-board prime mover. There are several different electrification systems in use throughout the world...
single-track railway, providing access to Zagreb via Knin and Karlovac.
The port comprises several terminals:
- The City Port of Split - handles yachtYachtA yacht is a recreational boat or ship. The term originated from the Dutch Jacht meaning "hunt". It was originally defined as a light fast sailing vessel used by the Dutch navy to pursue pirates and other transgressors around and into the shallow waters of the Low Countries...
s, fishing vessels, passenger ships, navigation safety craft, sailing shipSailing shipThe term sailing ship is now used to refer to any large wind-powered vessel. In technical terms, a ship was a sailing vessel with a specific rig of at least three masts, square rigged on all of them, making the sailing adjective redundant. In popular usage "ship" became associated with all large...
s, tugboatTugboatA tugboat is a boat that maneuvers vessels by pushing or towing them. Tugs move vessels that either should not move themselves, such as ships in a crowded harbor or a narrow canal,or those that cannot move by themselves, such as barges, disabled ships, or oil platforms. Tugboats are powerful for...
s and ferries; contains a passenger terminal and a rail link, 28 berths and accommodates vessels up to 250 metres (820.2 ft) long with draught up to 7.9 metres (25.9 ft) - Resnik-Divulje passenger terminal - designed to facilitate transfer of ship passengers to the Split AirportSplit AirportSplit Kaštela/Resnik Airport is the airport serving Split and Kaštela in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia. It is close to the town of Trogir....
, located just 950 metres (3,116.8 ft) away; The terminal consists of a single berth accommodating craft up to 40 metres (131.2 ft) long with draught up to 4.5 metres (14.8 ft) - Vranjic-Solin basin - used as a container cargoContainerizationContainerization is a system of freight transport based on a range of steel intermodal containers...
terminal, comprising 5 berths, a roll-on/roll-off ramp 8 storage warehouses, including refrigerated storage and open storage area; the terminal accommodates ships up to 198 metres (649.6 ft) long with draught up to 10.2 metres (33.5 ft); The facility is located in VranjicVranjicVranjic; , is a small peninsula, closely north of Split, near the mouth of Jadro River, part of the municipality of Solin . Because of its beauty it was nicknamed "Little Venice". The church of Saint Martin, the pope, is a place of cultural heritage, with sacred folk music performers "Crkveni...
area north of the city of Split, connected by railway and its own truck terminal. The terminal comprises a Free Zone, allowing tax breaks for transshipment of cargo and processing of goods. The terminal encompasses a 19.8 hectares (48.9 acre) area. - Kaštela basin A - reserved for mooring of ships under instructions by the port authority
- Kaštela basin B - cargo terminal used by the secondary concessionaires (other than Luka d.d. Split), generally for their own transport needs, accommodating ships with draught up to 8.2 metres (26.9 ft)
- Kaštela basin C - mooring for laid-up vessels, pest controlPest controlPest control refers to the regulation or management of a species defined as a pest, usually because it is perceived to be detrimental to a person's health, the ecology or the economy.-History:...
, fishing boats etc; the terminal accommodates craft with draught up to 11.6 metres (38.1 ft)
Business operations
The Port of Split is the largest passenger port in Croatia and the third largest passenger seaport in the Mediterranean. The port is administered by the Port of Split Authority, and the primary concessionairesConcession (contract)
A concession is a business operated under a contract or license associated with a degree of exclusivity in business within a certain geographical area. For example, sports arenas or public parks may have concession stands. Many department stores contain numerous concessions operated by other...
Trajektna Luka Split and Luka d.d. Split, as well as the subcontractors. The primary concessionaires are operating the City Port Split and Vranjic-Solin basin area respectively, with the subcontractors active in Vranjic-Solin area of the port and the terminals based in Kaštela. Passenger and vehicle transit is handled by a number of carriers; however in 2009 Jadrolinija
Jadrolinija
Jadrolinija is a Croatian sea shipping company. It is a state-owned company and its main mission is connecting Croatian islands to the mainland by operating regular passenger and cargo transport services...
share of the passenger traffic volume reached 85%. In 2009, total passenger traffic volume reached 3,995,846 passengers, representing a 3.3% drop compared to the previous year. The port serves seven island ferry lines, and four additional passenger shipping lines connecting nearby islands. There are such transport links to the islands of Brač
Brac
Brač is an island in the Adriatic Sea within Croatia, with an area of 396 km², making it the largest island in Dalmatia, and the third largest in the Adriatic. Its tallest peak, Vidova Gora, or Mount St. Vid, stands at 778 m, making it the highest island point in the Adriatic...
and Hvar
Hvar
- Climate :The climate of Hvar is characterized by mild winters and warm summers. The yearly average air temperature is , 686 mm of precipitation fall on the town of Hvar on average every year and the town has a total of 2800 sunshine hours per year. For comparison Hvar has an average of 7.7...
—carrying up to 2,000 and 1,000 vehicles per day during tourist seasons—as well as to islands of Vis, Lastovo
Lastovo
Lastovo is an island municipality in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County in Croatia. The municipality consists of 46 islands with a total population of 792 people, of which 93% are ethnic Croats, and a land area of approximately . The biggest island in the municipality is also named Lastovo, as is the...
, Korčula
Korcula
Korčula is an island in the Adriatic Sea, in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County of Croatia. The island has an area of ; long and on average wide — and lies just off the Dalmatian coast. Its 16,182 inhabitants make it the second most populous Adriatic island after Krk...
, Šolta
Šolta
Šolta is an island in Croatia. It is situated in the Adriatic Sea in the central Dalmatian archipelago, west of the island of Brač, south of Split and east of the Drvenik islands . Its area is 58.98 km2 and it has a population of 1,675 .The highest peak of Šolta is the summit Vela Straža...
, Drvenik Veliki
Drvenik veliki
Drvenik Veliki is an island in Croatian part of Adriatic Sea. It is situated in middle-Dalmatian archipelago, northwest of Šolta, 1.8 km from the mainland. Its area is 12.07 km². The highest peak is 178 metres high. The only settlement on the island is the eponymous village with...
, Drvenik Mali, providing regular transport links for a large area. In 2009, the ferry lines carried annual average daily traffic
Annual average daily traffic
Average Annual daily traffic, abbreviated AADT, is a measure used primarily in transportation planning and transportation engineering. It is the total volume of vehicle traffic of a highway or road for a year divided by 365 days. AADT is a useful and simple measurement of how busy the road is...
of 1,698 vehicles. During summer the volume increases 3,812 vehicles on average.
In 2008, the Port of Split recorded a total of 16,527 ship arrivals, and handled 2.7 million tonnes of cargo. In 2008, Luka d.d. Split recorded substantial growth of transshipment volume. In the first nine months of the year, the company handled 276,000 tonnes of cargo, representing a growth rate of 20%. The cargo volume projected for the entire year was estimated at 345,000 tonnes, including 6,170 TEUs
Twenty-foot equivalent unit
The twenty-foot equivalent unit is an inexact unit of cargo capacity often used to describe the capacity of container ships and container terminals...
. The growth was permitted by investments made in late 2007, and the increased volume of operation brought about profit of approximately 2.4 million kuna
Croatian kuna
The kuna is the currency of Croatia since 1994 . It is subdivided into 100 lipa. The kuna is issued by the Croatian National Bank and the coins are minted by the Croatian Monetary Institute....
(325,000 euro
Euro
The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,...
) in the first nine months of 2008. Overall port operations continue to grow, as 18,000 arrivals were recorded by 2010. Director of the Split Port Authority is Joško Berket Bakota.
History
The first trading post at the site of the Port of Split was Aspalathos, established by Greek settlers from the island of VisVis (island)
Vis is the most outerly lying larger Croatian island in the Adriatic Sea, and is part of the Central Dalmatian group of islands, with an area of 90.26 km² and a population of 3,617 . Of all the inhabited Croatian islands, it is the farthest from the coast...
in the 4th century BC. Position of the trading post was selected to utilize a natural harbor, proximity of numerous Adriatic Sea
Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges...
islands and extensive hinterland populated by Illyria
Illyria
In classical antiquity, Illyria was a region in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula inhabited by the Illyrians....
ns, most notably in Salona
Salona
Salona was an ancient Illyrian Delmati city in the first millennium BC. The Greeks had set up an emporion there. After the conquest by the Romans, Salona became the capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia...
. By the 12th century, Split developed trade routes with its hinterland and maritime trade throughout the Adriatic Sea and the Mediterranean. In the 16th century, Split was the central maritime trade outlet of the Balkans
Balkans
The Balkans is a geopolitical and cultural region of southeastern Europe...
, where goods were transported from the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
, India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
and Persia to the Venetian Republic
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice in Northeastern Italy. It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century until 1797. It was formally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice and is often referred to as La Serenissima, in...
and vice versa. After the fall of Venice, Split was briefly ruled by the Habsburg Monarchy
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
and Austrian Empire
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire...
between 1797 and 1806, and the First French Empire
First French Empire
The First French Empire , also known as the Greater French Empire or Napoleonic Empire, was the empire of Napoleon I of France...
until 1813. In that period, trade routes shifted to other Adriatic ports, especially the Port of Rijeka
Port of Rijeka
The Port of Rijeka is a seaport in Rijeka, Croatia, located on the shore of the Kvarner Gulf in the Adriatic Sea. The first records of the port date to 1281. It was the main port of the Kingdom of Hungary in the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, of Yugoslavia between World War II...
, causing a downturn in the city's economy.
In the second half of the 19th century, economy of the city of Split and its surrounding area started to recover and Split soon became hub of the Central Dalmatia
Dalmatia
Dalmatia is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It stretches from the island of Rab in the northwest to the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south....
, connecting the hinterland and the neighboring islands. This spurred development of the city port and its transport connections, including construction of a new breakwater
Breakwater (structure)
Breakwaters are structures constructed on coasts as part of coastal defence or to protect an anchorage from the effects of weather and longshore drift.-Purposes of breakwaters:...
and Split–Knin
Knin
Knin is a historical town in the Šibenik-Knin county of Croatia, located near the source of the river Krka at , in the Dalmatian hinterland, on the railroad Zagreb–Split. Knin rose to prominence twice in history, as a one-time capital of both the Kingdom of Croatia and briefly of the...
railway. In 1925, the railway was linked to the Rijeka
Rijeka
Rijeka is the principal seaport and the third largest city in Croatia . It is located on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and has a population of 128,735 inhabitants...
–Zagreb
Zagreb
Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...
railway via Gospić
Gospic
Gospić is a town in the mountainous and sparsely populated region of Lika, Croatia. It is the administrative centre of Lika-Senj county. Gospić is located near the Lika River in the middle of a karst field....
, allowing development of a modern port. In more recent times, cargo terminals of the Port of Split were relocated from the city centre to industrial zones in Solin
Solin
Solin is a town in Dalmatia, Croatia. It is situated northeast of Split, on the Adriatic Sea and the river Jadro.Solin developed on the location of ancient town of Salona which was the capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia and the birthplace of Emperor Diocletian...
and Kaštela
Kaštela
Kaštela is a series of seven towns in central Dalmatia, located northwest of Split, west of Solin and east of Trogir, in Croatia. They are part of the Split-Dalmatia county and are treated as a single city with a population of 38,474 , although they are individually between 3,000 and 7,000...
areas, while passenger traffic still uses the centrally positioned harbor.
Future expansion
As of 2011, the Port of Split facilities are planned to be modernized, specializing the port for domestic and international passenger traffic. For that purpose, St. Nicholas pier is planned to be extended and summer seasonal berths are scheduled to be added by 2015. The Resnik-Divulje passenger terminal is planned to be expanded within the framework of the second construction stage entailing two additional berths by the end of 2014. The expansions of the two passenger terminals are aimed at achieving passenger transport capacity of 7 million passengers per year. Two new berths capable of accommodating cruise ships up to 300 metres (984.3 ft) long are also planned. Construction of the two cruise ship berths is expected to cost 100 million kuna (13.3 million euro). The container terminal in Vranjic-Solin basin is also expected to be modernized and its infrastructure is planned to be upgraded. Other segments of the port are scheduled to undergo comparably minor repairs as well.External links
- NOAANational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationThe National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , pronounced , like "noah", is a scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce focused on the conditions of the oceans and the atmosphere...
maps - Approaches to Split #54201
- Croatian Automobile Club
- Split Passenger Port (ferry dock) webcams