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A popular front is a broad coalition
Coalition

A coalition is an Wiktionary:alliance among individuals, during which they cooperate in Joint venture, each in his own self-interest. Joining forces together for a common cause....
 of different political groupings, often made up of leftists
Left-wing politics

In politics, left-wing, leftist, and the Left are terms applied to Social progressivism and Egalitarianism positions. Originally, during the French Revolution, left-wing referred to seating arrangements in parliament; those who sat on the left opposed the monarchy and supported Political radicalism reform....
 and centrists
Centrism

In politics, centrism usually refers to the political idea of promoting moderate policies which land in the middle between different political extremes....
 who are united by opposition to another group (most often fascist
Fascism

Fascism is a Political radicalism, Authoritarianism Nationalism ideology that aims to create a single-party state with a government led by a dictator who seeks national unity and development by requiring individuals to subordinate self-interest to the collective interest of the nation or Race ....
 or far-right
Far right

Far right, extreme right, hard right, ultra-right or radical right are terms used to discuss the Qualitative research or Quantitative research position a group or person occupies within a political spectrum....
 groups). Being very broad, they can sometimes include centrist and liberal
Liberalism

Liberalism is a broad class of political philosophy that considers individualism liberty and equality to be the most important political goals....
 (or "bourgeois") forces as well as socialist
Socialism

Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating public or state ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods, and a society characterized by equality for all individuals, with a fair or Egalitarianism method of compensation....
 and communist
Communism

Communism is a socioeconomic structure and political ideology that promotes the establishment of an egalitarianism, classlessness, stateless society based on common ownership and control of the means of production and property in general....
 ("working-class
Working class

Working class is a term used in academic sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe, depending on context and speaker, those employed in specific fields or types of work....
") groups. Popular fronts are larger in scope than united front
United front

The united front is a form of struggle that may be pursued by revolutionary socialism. The basic theory of the united front tactic was first developed by the Comintern, an international socialist organisation created by revolutionaries in the wake of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution....
s, which contain only working-class groups.

In addition to the general definition, the term "popular front" also has a specific meaning in the history of Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
 and the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 during the 1930s, and in the history of Communism
Communism

Communism is a socioeconomic structure and political ideology that promotes the establishment of an egalitarianism, classlessness, stateless society based on common ownership and control of the means of production and property in general....
 and the Communist Party.






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A popular front is a broad coalition
Coalition

A coalition is an Wiktionary:alliance among individuals, during which they cooperate in Joint venture, each in his own self-interest. Joining forces together for a common cause....
 of different political groupings, often made up of leftists
Left-wing politics

In politics, left-wing, leftist, and the Left are terms applied to Social progressivism and Egalitarianism positions. Originally, during the French Revolution, left-wing referred to seating arrangements in parliament; those who sat on the left opposed the monarchy and supported Political radicalism reform....
 and centrists
Centrism

In politics, centrism usually refers to the political idea of promoting moderate policies which land in the middle between different political extremes....
 who are united by opposition to another group (most often fascist
Fascism

Fascism is a Political radicalism, Authoritarianism Nationalism ideology that aims to create a single-party state with a government led by a dictator who seeks national unity and development by requiring individuals to subordinate self-interest to the collective interest of the nation or Race ....
 or far-right
Far right

Far right, extreme right, hard right, ultra-right or radical right are terms used to discuss the Qualitative research or Quantitative research position a group or person occupies within a political spectrum....
 groups). Being very broad, they can sometimes include centrist and liberal
Liberalism

Liberalism is a broad class of political philosophy that considers individualism liberty and equality to be the most important political goals....
 (or "bourgeois") forces as well as socialist
Socialism

Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating public or state ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods, and a society characterized by equality for all individuals, with a fair or Egalitarianism method of compensation....
 and communist
Communism

Communism is a socioeconomic structure and political ideology that promotes the establishment of an egalitarianism, classlessness, stateless society based on common ownership and control of the means of production and property in general....
 ("working-class
Working class

Working class is a term used in academic sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe, depending on context and speaker, those employed in specific fields or types of work....
") groups. Popular fronts are larger in scope than united front
United front

The united front is a form of struggle that may be pursued by revolutionary socialism. The basic theory of the united front tactic was first developed by the Comintern, an international socialist organisation created by revolutionaries in the wake of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution....
s, which contain only working-class groups.

In addition to the general definition, the term "popular front" also has a specific meaning in the history of Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
 and the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 during the 1930s, and in the history of Communism
Communism

Communism is a socioeconomic structure and political ideology that promotes the establishment of an egalitarianism, classlessness, stateless society based on common ownership and control of the means of production and property in general....
 and the Communist Party. The term "national front", similar in name but describing a different form of ruling, using ostensibly non-Communist parties which were in fact controlled by and subservient to the Communist party as part of a "coalition", was used in Central
Central Europe

Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern Europe and Western Europe Europe. In addition, Northern Europe, Southern Europe and Southeastern Europe may variously delimit or overlap into Central Europe....
 and Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe is a term that applies to the geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the Europe. Throughout history and to a lesser extent today, parts of Eastern Europe has been distinguishable from Western Europe and other regions due to cultural, religious, economic, and historical reasons, even though there i...
 during the Cold War
Cold War

The Cold War was the continuing state of conflict, tension and competition that existed between a number of world powers, including the United States, the Soviet Union, People's Republic of China, France, United Kingdom and those countries' respective allies from the mid-1940s to the early 1990s....
.

It should be noted that not all coalitions who use the term "popular front" necessarily meet the accepted definition for "popular fronts", and not all popular fronts necessarily use the term "popular front" in their name. The same applies to "united fronts".

The Comintern's Popular Front policy 1934–1939

In response to the growing threat of fascism
Fascism

Fascism is a Political radicalism, Authoritarianism Nationalism ideology that aims to create a single-party state with a government led by a dictator who seeks national unity and development by requiring individuals to subordinate self-interest to the collective interest of the nation or Race ....
 in the 1930s, Communist parties that were members of the Comintern
Comintern

The 'Comintern' was an international Communism organization founded in Moscow in March 1919. The International intended to fight "by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of the international bourgeoisie and for the creation of an international Soviet republic as a transition stage to the complete abolition of the Sta...
 (then largely under the control of Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin

Joseph Stalin was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death in 1953....
) adopted a policy of forming broad alliances with almost any political party willing to oppose the fascists. These were called "popular fronts". Some popular fronts won elections and formed governments, as in France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
 (Front Populaire
Front Populaire

Front Populaire can refer to:* Popular Front * People's Front ...
), the Second Spanish Republic
Second Spanish Republic

The Second Spanish Republic was the system of government in Spain between April 14 1931, when King of Spain Alfonso XIII of Spain left the country following local and municipal elections in which republican candidates won the majority of votes in urban areas and April 1 1939, when the last of the Republican forces surrendered to Nationalist...
, and Chile
Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow coastal strip wedged between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean....
. Others never quite got off the ground. There were attempts in the United Kingdom
United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
 to found a Popular Front against the National Government
UK National Government

In the United Kingdom the term National Government is in an abstract sense used to refer to a coalition of some or all List of political parties in the United Kingdom#Major political parties in the United Kingdom....
's appeasement of Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945....
, between the Labour Party
Labour Party (UK)

The Labour Party is a political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century, it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Left-wing politics in England, Scotland and Wales, but not Northern Ireland, where it has only recently organised again....
, the Liberal Party
Liberal Party (UK)

The Liberal Party was one of the two major British political parties from the early 19th century until the rise of the Labour Party in the 1920s, and a third party of varying strength and importance up to 1988, when it merged with the Social Democratic Party to form a new party which would become known as the Liberal Democrats....
, the Independent Labour Party
Independent Labour Party

The Independent Labour Party was a socialist political party in the United Kingdom....
, the Communist Party
Communist Party of Great Britain

The Communist Party of Great Britain was the largest communist party in the United Kingdom, though it never became a mass party like the Communist parties of France and Italy....
, and even rebellious elements of the Conservative Party
Conservative Party (UK)

The Conservative and Unionist Party, more commonly known as the Conservative Party, is a conservative political party in the United Kingdom....
 under Winston Churchill
Winston Churchill

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, Order of the Garter, Order of Merit, Order of the Companions of Honour, Territorial Decoration, Fellow of the Royal Society, Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, Queen's Privy Council for Canada was a Politics of the United Kingdom known chiefly for his leadership of the United King...
, but they failed mainly due to opposition from within the Labour Party but incompatibility of Liberal and socialist approaches also caused many Liberals to be hostile.

The Popular Front policy of the Comintern was introduced in 1934, succeeding its ultra-left "Third Period
Third Period

The Third Period was the policy adopted by the Comintern at the end of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics New Economic Policy in 1928 and was in place until the adoption of the Popular Front policy in 1935....
" during which it condemned non-Communist socialist parties as "social fascist". The new policy was signalled in a Pravda
Pravda

Pravda was a leading newspaper of the Soviet Union and an official organ of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union between 1912 and 1991....
 article of May 1934, which commented favourably on socialist-Communist collaboration. In June 1934, Leon Blum
Léon Blum

Andr? L?on Blum , was a France politician, usually identified with the moderate left, and three times the Prime Minister of France....
's Socialist Party signed a pact of united action with the French Communist Party
French Communist Party

The French Communist Party is a political party in France which advocates the principles of communism. Although its electoral support has greatly declined in recent decades, it remains the largest party in France advocating communist views, and retains a large membership and considerable influence in French politics....
, extended to the Radical Party in October. In May 1935, France and Russia signed a defensive alliance and in August 1935, the Comintern's Seventh Congress officially endorsed the Popular Front strategy. In the elections of May 1936, the Popular Front won a majority of parliamentary seats (378 deputies against 220), and Leon Blum formed a government.

In Italy, the Comintern advised an alliance between the Italian Communist Party
Italian Communist Party

The Italian Communist Party emerged as the Communist Party of Italy by seceding from the Italian Socialist Party at their congress on 21 January 1921 at Livorno....
 and the Italian Socialist Party
Italian Socialist Party

The Italian Socialist Party was a democratic socialism/Social democracy political party founded in Genoa in 1892. Once the dominant leftist party in Italy, it was eclipsed in status by the Italian Communist Party following World War II....
, but this was rejected by the Socialists. Similarly, in the United States, the CPUSA sought a joint Socialist-Communist ticket with Norman Thomas
Norman Thomas

Norman Mattoon Thomas was a leading United States socialism, pacifism, and six-time President of the United States candidate for the Socialist Party of America....
's Socialist Party of America
Socialist Party of America

The Socialist Party of America was a Democratic socialism political party in the United States, formed in 1901 by a merger between the three-year-old Social Democratic Party and disaffected elements of the Socialist Labor Party of America which had split from the main organization in 1899....
 in the 1936 presidential election but the Socialists rejected this overture. The CPUSA also offered critical support to Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal
New Deal

The New Deal was the name that United States President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt gave to a sequence of central economic planning and economic stimulus programs he initiated between 1933 and 1938 with the goal of giving aid to the unemployed, reform of business and financial practices, and recovery of the Economy of the Unite...
 in this period. The Popular Front period in the USA saw the CP taking a very patriotic and populist
Populism

Populism is a discourse which supports "the people" versus "the elites." Populism may involve either a philosophy urging social and political system changes and/or a rhetorical style deployed by members of political or social movements competing for advantage within the existing party system....
 line, later called Browderism. According to some historians, Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin

Joseph Stalin was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death in 1953....
 used the concept of the Popular Front to solidify control of the Communist Party of the United States (CPUSA) and to suppress criticism from those in the radical left after the Moscow show trials
Moscow Trials

The Moscow Trials were a series of trials of political opponents of Joseph Stalin during the Great Purge. Many of the defendants were executed....
 and subsequent series of executions and assassinations.

The Popular Front period came to an end with the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact

The Molotov?Ribbentrop Pact, colloquially named after Soviet Union foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov and Nazi Germany foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, was an agreement officially titled the Treaty of Non-aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and signed in Moscow in the early hours of August 24...
 between Nazi Germany and Russia, at which point Comintern parties turned from a policy of anti-fascism
Anti-fascism

Anti-fascism is the opposition to fascism ideologies, organizations, governments and people. Another term for anti-fascism is antifa. Most major Resistance during World War II were anti-fascist....
 to one of advocating peace.

Critics and defenders of the Popular Front policy

Leon Trotsky
Leon Trotsky

Leon Trotsky , born Lev Davidovich Bronstein , was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxism theorist. He was one of the leaders of the Russian October Revolution, second only to Lenin....
 and his supporters roundly criticised the Popular Front strategy. In the first place, Stalin had used the Popular Front as a tool to oppose Trotsky and other dissidents outside Stalin's immediate control. Additionally, Trotksy believed that only united front
United front

The united front is a form of struggle that may be pursued by revolutionary socialism. The basic theory of the united front tactic was first developed by the Comintern, an international socialist organisation created by revolutionaries in the wake of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution....
s could ultimately be progressive, and that popular fronts were useless because they included non-working class bourgeois forces such as liberals
Liberalism

Liberalism is a broad class of political philosophy that considers individualism liberty and equality to be the most important political goals....
. Trotsky also argued that in popular fronts, working class demands are reduced to their bare minimum, and the ability of the working class to put forward its own independent set of politics is compromised. This view is now common to most Trotskyist groups. Left communist
Left communism

Left communism is the range of Communism viewpoints held by the Communist Left, which opposes the political ideas of the Bolsheviks from a position that is asserted to be more authentically Marxism and Proletariat than the views of Leninism held by the Communist International after its first two Congresses....
 groups also oppose popular fronts, but they came to oppose united fronts as well.

In a book written in 1977, the Eurocommunist leader Santiago Carrillo
Santiago Carrillo

Santiago Carrillo Solares , Spain politician, was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Spain from 1960 to 1982.Born in Gij?n, Asturias province, House of Carrillo....
 offered a positive assessment of the Popular Front. He argued that in Spain, despite excesses attributable to the passions of civil war, the period of coalition government in Republican areas 'contained in embryo the conception of an advance to socialism with democracy, with a multi-party system, parliament, and liberty for the opposition'. Carrillo however criticised the Communist International for not taking the Popular Front strategy far enough - specifically for the fact that the French Communists were restricted to supporting Leon Blum's government from without, rather than becoming full coalition partners.

Popular Fronts governments in the Soviet Bloc

After World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
, most Central and Eastern European countries became de facto one-party states, but in theory they were ruled by coalitions between several different political parties who voluntarily chose to work together. For example, East Germany was ruled by a "National Front" of all anti-fascist parties and movements within parliament (Socialist Unity Party of Germany
Socialist Unity Party of Germany

The Socialist Unity Party of Germany was the governing party of the German Democratic Republic from its formation on 7 October 1949 until the elections of March 1990....
, Liberal Party
Liberal Democratic Party of Germany

The Liberal Democratic Party of Germany was a political party in East Germany. Like the other allied parties of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany in the National Front it had 52 representatives in the Volkskammer....
, Farmers' Party
Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany

The Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany was an East Germany political party. The DBD was founded in 1948. It had 52 representatives in the Volkskammer, as part of the National Front ....
, Youth Movement
Free German Youth

The Free German Youth, also known as the FDJ was the official socialist youth movement of the German Democratic Republic and the Socialist Unity Party of Germany....
, Trade Union Federation
Free German Trade Union Federation

Category:East GermanyThe Free German Trade Union Federation, in German language Freier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund , was the trade union federation in East Germany....
, etc). The People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

The People's Republic of China , commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia and the List of countries by population in the world with over 1.3 billion people, approximately a fifth of the world's population....
's United Front
United Front (PRC)

The United Front in the People's Republic of China is a popular front led by the Communist Party of China. It is managed by the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and besides the communist party it consists of eight minor parties....
 is a current (as of 2007) surviving system.

In Soviet republics

In the Republics of the Soviet Union
Republics of the Soviet Union

The Republics of the Soviet Union were, according to the Article 76 of the 1977 Soviet Constitution, Sovereign Soviet Socialist states that had united with other Soviet Republics to become the Soviet Union....
, between around 1988 and 1992 (by which time the USSR had dissolved and all were independent), the term "Popular Front" had quite a different meaning. It referred to movements led by members of the liberal intelligentsia, in some republics small and peripheral, in others broad-based and influential. Officially their aim was to defend perestroika
Perestroika

is the Russian language term for the political and economic reforms introduced in June 1987 by the Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev. Its literal meaning is "restructuring", referring to the restructuring of the Soviet economy....
 against reactionary elements within the state bureaucracy, but over time they began to question the legitimacy of their republics' membership of the USSR. It was their initially cautious tone that gave them considerable freedom to organise and gain access to the mass media. In the Baltic republics, they soon became the dominant political force and gradually gained the initiative from the more radical dissident organisations established earlier, moving their republics towards greater autonomy and later independence. They also became the main challengers to Communist Party hegemony in Moldova, Ukraine, Armenia and Azerbaijan. A Popular Front was established in Georgia but remained marginal compared to the dominant dissident-led groups, because the April 9 tragedy had radicalised society and it was unable to play the compromise role of similar movements. In the other republics, such organisations existed but never posed a meaningful threat to the incumbent Party and economic elites.

List of Popular Fronts


Popular fronts in Communist countries

  • Czechoslovakia
    Czechoslovakia

    Czechoslovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918 until 1992 . On January 1, 1993, Czechoslovakia dissolution of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia....
     - the National Front
    National Front (Czechoslovakia)

    The National Front was the coalition of parties which headed the re-established Czechoslovakian government from 1945 to 1948. During the Czechoslovakia: 1948-1989 it was the vehicle for control of all political and social activity by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia ....
     led by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
    Communist Party of Czechoslovakia

    The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, in Czech and in Slovak: Komunistick? strana Ceskoslovenska was a Communist and Marxist-Leninist political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between 1921 and 1992....
  • East Germany - the National Front
    National Front (East Germany)

    The National Front of the German Democratic Republic was an alliance of political party and mass organisations in East Germany. The NF was controlled by the Socialist Unity Party of Germany and was formed to stand in elections to the East German parliament, the Volkskammer ....
     led by the Socialist Unity Party of Germany
    Socialist Unity Party of Germany

    The Socialist Unity Party of Germany was the governing party of the German Democratic Republic from its formation on 7 October 1949 until the elections of March 1990....
  • North Korea
    North Korea

    North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea , is a state in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula....
     - the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland
    Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland

    The Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland , formed on July 22 1946, is a North Korean united front led by the Workers' Party of Korea....
     led by the Workers' Party of Korea
    Workers' Party of Korea

    The Workers? Party of Korea is the ruling party of the Democratic People?s Republic of Korea , commonly known as North Korea. It is also called the Korean Workers' Party ....
  • People's Republic of China
    People's Republic of China

    The People's Republic of China , commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia and the List of countries by population in the world with over 1.3 billion people, approximately a fifth of the world's population....
     - the United Front led by the Communist Party of China
    Communist Party of China

    The Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party , is the founding and the ruling party of the People's Republic of China and the world's largest political party....
  • Vietnam
    Vietnam

    Vietnam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam , is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by People's Republic of China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east....
     - the Fatherland Front
    Vietnamese Fatherland Front

    For the national railway company of Switzerland, see SBB-CFF-FFS.The Vietnamese Fatherland Front is an umbrella group of pro-government "mass movements" in Vietnam, and has close links to the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Vietnamese government....
     led by the Communist Party of Vietnam
    Communist Party of Vietnam

    The Communist Party of Vietnam is the currently ruling, as well as the only legal political party in Vietnam. It is a Marxism-Leninism Communist Party supported by the Vietnamese Fatherland Front....


Popular fronts in former Communist countries

  • Poland
    Poland

    Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
     - the Democratic Bloc led by the Polish United Workers' Party
    Polish United Workers' Party

    The Polish United Workers' Party was a communism party in the People's Republic of Poland from 1948 to 1990. It was based on the program of Marxism and Leninism....


Popular fronts in former Socialist countries

  • SFR Yugoslavia
    Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

    The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and in Slovene language: Socialisticna Federativna Republika Jugoslavija The Slovene language name also uses this Gaj?s Latin alphabet version with a slight difference in spelling....
     - the National Front of Yugoslavia
    National Front of Yugoslavia

    National front of Yugoslavia was an organization of antifascist and democratic masses of nations of Yugoslavia. The idea of its creation sprang in 1930ies, especially during the May 5 1935 parliamentary elections in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia....
     led by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia
    League of Communists of Yugoslavia

    League of Communists of Yugoslavia , before 1952 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia , was a major Communist party in Yugoslavia. The party was founded as an opposition party in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1919....


Popular fronts in non-Communist countries

  • Azerbaijan Popular Front Party
    Azerbaijan Popular Front Party

    The Azerbaijani Popular Front Party is the main opposition political party in Azerbaijan, founded in 1992 by Abulfaz Elchibey. After Elchibey's death in 2000, the party split into two factions, the reform wing led by Ali Kerimli and the classical wing led by Mirmahmud Miralioglu....
  • Belarusian People's Front
    Belarusian People's Front

    Belarusian People's Front "Revival" or BPF is a political party created in Belarus during the perestroika times. Its first and most charismatic leader was Zianon Pazniak....
  • Frente Popular (Philippines)
  • Popular Democratic Front
    Popular Democratic Front

    The Popular Democratic Front was a coalition of Italy List of political parties in Italy for the Italian Parliament Italian general election, 1948....
     (Italy, 1948)
  • Popular Front (Chile)
    Popular Front (Chile)

    The Popular Front in Chile was an electoral and political left-wing coalition from 1937 to February 1941, during the Presidential Republic Era ....
  • Popular Front (France)
    Popular Front (France)

    The Popular Front was an alliance of History of the Left in France movements, including the French Communist Party , the Socialist SFIO and the Radical Party , during the interwar period....
  • Popular Front (Mauritania)
  • Popular Front (Senegal)
    Popular Front (Senegal)

    Ahead of the 1936 elections to the French National Assembly, a Popular Front committee was formed in Senegal. It consisted of the local branch of SFIO, the Senegalese Socialist Party , the local French Communist Party cell, Human Rights League and the local branch of the Radical and Radical Socialist Party led by Fran?ois Carpot....
  • Popular Front (Spain)
    Popular Front (Spain)

    The Popular Front in Spain's Spanish Second Republic was an electoral coalition and pact signed in January 1936 by various left-wing politics organisations, instigated by Manuel Aza?a for the purpose of contesting that year's election....
  • Popular Front of India
    Popular Front of India

    The Popular Front of India is a confederation of minority society organizations which is active in southern India. Its slogan is Naya Karavan : Naya Hindustan, which means The new travelling group and the new India The Front was formed on November 22 2006 and is supported by the Karnataka Forum for Dignity , National Development Fron...
  • Popular Front for the Liberation of Bahrain
    Popular Front for the Liberation of Bahrain

    The Popular Front for the Liberation of Bahrain was an underground political party in Bahrain associated with the Arab Nationalist Movement. Its members were inclined towards the leftist Marxist trend within the ANM....
  • Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman
    Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman

    The Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman a Marxist and Arab nationalism revolutionary organisation in the Sultanate of Oman. It fought against the Sultan in the Dhofar Rebellion from the PFLO's foundation until the suppression of the revolution in 1976....
  • Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
    Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

    The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine is a Marxism-Leninism, secular, nationalism Palestinian political and paramilitary organization, founded in 1967....
  • Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command
    Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command

    The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command is a Palestinian nationalist and Marxist organization, backed by Syria and Iran....
  • Popular Unity (Chile)


See also

  • National front
    National Front

    The name National Front is used by a number of political parties and coalitions.* Albania — National Front * Belarus — Belarusian National Front...
  • Third Period
    Third Period

    The Third Period was the policy adopted by the Comintern at the end of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics New Economic Policy in 1928 and was in place until the adoption of the Popular Front policy in 1935....
  • United front
    United front

    The united front is a form of struggle that may be pursued by revolutionary socialism. The basic theory of the united front tactic was first developed by the Comintern, an international socialist organisation created by revolutionaries in the wake of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution....