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Polystichum munitum

 

 

 

 

 

Polystichum munitum


 
 


Polystichum munitum (Western Sword Fern) is an evergreenEvergreen

In botany, an evergreen plant is a plant that retains its leaves all year round, with each leaf persisting for more than 12 ...
 fernFern

A fern is any one of a group of about 20,000 species of plants classified in the phylum or division Pteridophyta, also...
 native to western North AmericaNorth America

North America is a continent in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost fully in the western hemisphere....
, where it is one of the most abundant ferns occurring along the Pacific coast from southeast AlaskaAlaska

Alaska is a U.S. state, located on the northwest tier of North America....
 south to southern CaliforniaCalifornia

California is a state spanning the southern half of the west coast of the contiguous United States....
, and also inland east to southeastern British ColumbiaBritish Columbia

British Columbia, often referred to as B.C. or BC , is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is famed for it...
, northern IdahoIdaho

Idaho is a state in the Pacific Northwest of the United States....
 and western MontanaMontana

Montana is a state in the Pacific Northwest and Great Plains regions of the United States....
, with isolated populations in interior northern British Columbia, the Black HillsBlack Hills

The Black Hills are a small, isolated mountain range rising from the Great Plains of North America in western South Dakota a...
 in South DakotaSouth Dakota

South Dakota is a Midwestern state in the United States....
, and on Guadalupe IslandGuadalupe Island

Guadalupe Island, or Isla Guadalupe, is a volcanic island located 241 kilometers off the west coast of Mexico's Ba...
 off Baja CaliforniaBaja California

Baja California is the northernmost state of Mexico....
.


The dark green frondFrond

A frond is the breast- like structure of a fern or alga....
s of this fern grow to 50-180 cm tall, in a tight clump spreading out radially from a round base. They are single-pinnate, with the pinnae alternating on the stalk. Each pinna is 1-15 cm long, with a small upward-pointing lobe at the base, and the edges are serrated with bristly tips. Individual fronds live for 1.5-2.5 years and remain attached to the rhizomeRhizome

A rhizome is, in botany, a usually underground, horizontal stem of a plant that often sends out roots and shoots from its no...
 after withering. The round soriSorus

In ferns, a sorus is a cluster of sporangia on the edge or underside of a fertile frond....
 occupy two rows on either side of the midrib of each pinna and are covered by a centrally-attached, umbrella-like indusium with fringed edges. They produce light yellow sporeSpore

In biology, a spore is a reproductive structure that is adapted for dispersion and surviving for extended periods of time in...
s.

The favored habitat of this fern is the understory of moist coniferous forests at low elevations. It grows best in a well-drained acidic soilSoil

Soil is the collection of natural bodies that form in earthy material on the land surface....
 of rich humus and small stones. Sword ferns are very tough, and can survive occasional dry periods, but do well only with consistent moisture, light sunlight, and prefer cool weather to overly warm. In cultivation, they also respond well to regular, light applications of fertilizer.

In spring, with no other food available, Quileute, MakahMakah Overview

The Makah are a group of Native American peoples from the most northwestern corner of the United States in the State of Wash...
, KlallamKlallam Overview

Klallam refers to four distinct but otherwise related indigenous Native American/First Nations peoples from the Pacific Nort...
, SquamishS?wx wú7mesh

The S?wxw?7meshpronunciation or Squamish are an Indigenous nation, part of the Salishan-speaking people of southweste...
, SecheltShishalh

The Shishalh people, at the time of the first European contact had a population near 26,000....
, HaidaHaida

The Haida are an indigenous people of the west coast of North America....
, and other Native AmericanNative Americans in the United States Summary

American Indian and Alaskan NativesU.S....
/First NationsFirst Nations

First Nations is a term of ethnicity used in Canada....
 peoples, roasted, peeled and ate the rhizomes.